行
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TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
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Han characterEdit
行 (Kangxi radical 144, 行+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹人一一弓 (HOMMN), four-corner 21221, composition ⿰彳亍)
- Kangxi radical #144, ⾏.
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №37
Usage notesEdit
行 itself is also used as a radical (in addition to 彳); unusually for radicals, the phonetic is placed in the middle – with 彳 on the left and 亍 on the right – corresponding to the phonetic originally being placed at the middle of the intersection.
Derived charactersEdit
- Appendix:Chinese radical/行
- 哘, 垳, 㤚, 𢫱, 洐, 𭤷, 𣆯, 桁, 烆, 珩, 胻, 𮁴, 䀪, 𮀖, 𥞧, 裄, 絎(绗), 𦨵, 𧊽, 𠒣, 𧻥, 䟰, 𮠧, 𬫑, 䯒, 䰢, 𫙚, 𮬷
- 鴴(鸻), 𢙡, 𪩵, 𪨳, 荇, 筕, 𢔖, 𧊔, 𢔮, 䚘, 䡓, 𢕋, 𢕁, 銜, 𢕵, 𢖍, 鵆, 𨴠
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1108, character 31
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34029
- Dae Jaweon: page 1570, character 31
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 811, character 6
- Unihan data for U+884C
ChineseEdit
simp. and trad. |
行 |
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Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 行 | ||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | Libian (compiled in Qing) | ||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | Clerical script |
Pictogram (象形) – a street intersection.
Originally symmetric, it has been simplified asymmetrically; the left half 彳 is widely used as a radical, while the right half 亍 finds occasional use, and the character can be broken up as 彳 + 亍, though originally it was not a compound.
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
行
- (literary or dialectal) to walk
- 子曰:「三人行,必有我師焉。擇其善者而從之,其不善者而改之。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐ yuē: “Sān rén xíng, bì yǒu wǒ shī yān. Zé qí shàn zhě ér cóng zhī, qí bù shàn zhě ér gǎi zhī.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.”
子曰:“三人行,必有我师焉。择其善者而从之,其不善者而改之。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Cantonese, of a vehicle) to go
- (Cantonese) to navigate
- to go; to move
- to carry out; to execute
- to perform (a salute)
- OK; good
- to be good; to work
- to be good (opposed to bad) (usually in negative sentences, or with 還)
- to be able to do something (usually mentioned before)
- (often sarcastic) remarkable
Usage notesEdit
Notice that when meaning “be able to do something”, 行 can only be used without a complement. This is different from 能 (néng, “to be able to (do something)”).
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
行
- profession; industry; trade; business
- place for specific transaction
- line of objects; row
- (Mainland China) row (in data tables)
- (Taiwan) column (in data tables)
CompoundsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Others:
Pronunciation 3Edit
DefinitionsEdit
行
CompoundsEdit
Pronunciation 4Edit
DefinitionsEdit
行
Pronunciation 5Edit
DefinitionsEdit
行
ReferencesEdit
- “行”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03699
- (Min Nan) “Entry #2617”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: ぎょう (gyō, Jōyō)←ぎやう (gyau, historical); ごう (gō)←がう (gau, historical)
- Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
- Tō-on: あん (an, Jōyō †); ひん (hin)
- Sō-on: あん (an, Jōyō †); へん (hen)
- Kun: いく (iku, 行く, Jōyō); ゆく (yuku, 行く, Jōyō); おこなう (okonau, 行う, Jōyō)←おこなふ (okonafu, historical); おこなう (okonau, 行なう)←おこなふ (okonafu, historical); おこない (okonai, 行い)←おこなひ (okonafi, historical); くだり (kudari, 行)
- Nanori: つら (tsura); ゆき (yuki)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
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行 |
ぎょう Grade: 2 |
kan’yōon |
From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦˠæŋ). First cited in Buddhist texts of the early 600s.[1]
The goon pronunciation, so likely an earlier borrowing.
- For the "formations" definition, translation of Sanskrit संस्कार (saṃskāra)
- For "austerities", translation of Sanskrit चर्या (caryā)
- For "walking", translation of Sanskrit गमन (gamana)
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- [from late 1100s] a line of text
- [date uncertain] (mathematics) a row of a matrix
- [from 1177] (calligraphy) Abbreviation of 行書 (“semi-cursive script”).
- [from 1887] a row or column, such as in a table; more specifically, such a row or column in the gojūon table, which consists of kana that have or historically had the same initial consonant
- [from 830] (Buddhism) saṅkhāra: formations, mental activity; one of the 五蘊 (goun, “five skandhas”)
- [from early 600s] (Buddhism) caryā: austerities; practice or discipline for enlightenment (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
- [date uncertain] (Buddhism) gamana: manner of going forward or walking (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
SynonymsEdit
- (formations): 行蘊 (gyōun)
See alsoEdit
- 五蘊 (goun, “five skandhas”): 色 (shiki, “rūpa”), 受 (ju, “vedanā”), 想 (sō, “saññā”), 行 (gyō, “saṅkhāra”), 識 (shiki, “viññāṇa”)
Proper nounEdit
- A surname.
- A unisex given name
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
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行 |
こう Grade: 2 |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦɑŋ, ɦˠæŋ, ɦɑŋH, ɦˠæŋH). First cited to 1275.[1]
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely the later borrowing.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- going; travelling (UK), traveling (US)
- type of classical Chinese verse (usually an epic)
- (archaic) merchant's association; guild
- bank (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
Proper nounEdit
- A unisex given name
Etymology 3Edit
Kanji in this term |
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行 |
あん Grade: 2 |
tōon |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
AffixEdit
Etymology 4Edit
Kanji in this term |
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行 |
くだり Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Cognate with 下り (kudari, “downward-going”).[2]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
SuffixEdit
Etymology 5Edit
Various nanori readings.
Proper nounEdit
行 or 行 or 行 or 行 • (Akira or Susumu or Tōru or Makoto)
- A unisex given name
Proper nounEdit
- A place name
Proper nounEdit
行 or 行 or 行 or 行 • (An or Iku or Itaru or Yukue)
- A female given name
Proper nounEdit
行 or 行 • (Tsutomu or Tsuyoshi)
- A male given name
Proper nounEdit
- A place name
- A surname.
- A female given name
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
Etymology 1Edit
- “movement; going”
From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦˠæŋ, “walk; move”).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean ᅘᆡᇰ (Yale: hhòyng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] | 녈 ᄒᆡᇰ | Recorded as Middle Korean ᄒᆡᇰ (hoyng) (Yale: hòyng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. |
Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 | 녈 ᄒᆡᆼ | Recorded as Middle Korean ᄒᆡᆼ (hoyng) (Yale: hoyng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576. |
Early Modern Korean | ||
Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | ᄃᆞᆫ닐 ᄒᆡᆼ | Recorded as Early Modern Korean ᄒᆡᆼ (Yale: hoyng) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |
- “behaviour; conduct”
From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦˠæŋH, “behaviour”).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean ᅘᆡᇰ〮 (Yale: hhóyng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[4] | ᄒᆡᇰ〯뎍〮 ᄒᆡᇰ〯 | Recorded as Middle Korean ᄒᆡᇰ〯 (hǒyng) (Yale: hǒyng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. |
Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 | ᄒᆡᆼ실 ᄒᆡᆼ | Recorded as Middle Korean ᄒᆡᆼ ( hoyng) (Yale: hoyng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576. |
Early Modern Korean | ||
Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | ᄒᆡᆼ실 ᄒᆡᆼ | Recorded as Early Modern Korean ᄒᆡᆼ (Yale: hoyng) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |
- “line; row”
- From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 항 (hang) based on Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦɑŋ, “row”).
- “place for specific transaction”
- From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 항 (hang) based on Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦɑŋ, “market”).
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [hɛŋ] ~ [he̞ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [행/헹]
HanjaEdit
- Hanja form? of 행 (“movement; going”).
- Hanja form? of 행 (“behaviour; conduct”).
- Hanja form? of 행 (“line; row”).
- Hanja form? of 행 (“place for specific transaction”).
- Hanja form? of 행 (“(suffix) (transport) bound for”).
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦɑŋ, “row”).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean ᅘᅡᇰ (Yale: hhàng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[5] | 져제〮 하ᇰ | Recorded as Middle Korean 하ᇰ (hang) (Yale: hàng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. |
Early Modern Korean | ||
Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | 줄 행 | Recorded as Early Modern Korean 항 (Yale: hang) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ha̠ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [항]
HanjaEdit
行 (eumhun 항렬 항 (hangnyeol hang))
- Hanja form? of 항 (“degree of familial relation”).
- (historical) Hanja form? of 항 (“a line of soldiers”).
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [6]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
行: Hán Nôm readings: hàng, hạnh, hành, ngành, hãng, hăng