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行

See also: 彳亍
行 U+884C, 行
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-884C
← 衋
[U+884B]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 衍 →
[U+884D]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

 
See images of
Radical 144 行

行 (radical 144 行+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹人一一弓 (HOMMN), four-corner 21221, composition ⿰彳亍)

  1. Kangxi radical #144, ⾏.

Usage notesEdit

行 itself is also used as a radical (in addition to 彳); unusually for radicals, the phonetic is placed in the middle – with 彳 on the left and 亍 on the right – corresponding to the phonetic originally being placed at the middle of the intersection.

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 1108, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34029
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1570, character 31
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 811, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+884C

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 行

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 行
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (行) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
筕 ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ
桁 ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ
行 ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs, *ɡraːŋ, *ɡraːŋs
胻 ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, *ɡraːŋs
衡 ɡraːŋ
蘅 ɡraːŋ
珩 ɡraːŋ
洐 ɡraːŋ
荇 ɡraːŋʔ
絎 ɡraːŋs

Pictogram (象形) – a street intersection.

Originally symmetric, it has been simplified asymmetrically; the left half 彳 is widely used as a radical, while the right half 亍 finds occasional use, and the character can be broken up as 彳 + 亍, though originally it was not a compound.

Pronunciation 1Edit

Note:
  • haang4 - vernacular;
  • hang4 - literary.
Note:
  • giàng - vernacular;
  • hèng - literary.
Note:
  • kiâⁿ - vernacular;
  • hêng - literary.
Note:
  • 3hhan - vernacular;
  • 3hhin - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 行
Mandarin Beijing /xɑŋ³⁵/
Harbin /xaŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /xɑŋ⁴⁵/ ～到
/ɕiŋ⁴⁵/ ～為
Jinan /xaŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /xaŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xaŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /xaŋ²⁴/
Xining /xɔ̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /xɑŋ⁵³/ 銀～
/ɕiŋ⁵³/ ～走
Lanzhou /xɑ̃⁵³/
Ürümqi /xɑŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /xaŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /xaŋ³¹/
Guiyang /xaŋ²¹/
Kunming /xã̠¹/ ～列
/ɕĩ¹/ ～為
Nanjing /xaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /xɑ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /xɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /xɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /xɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦɑ̃²³/
Suzhou /ɦɑ̃¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦɑŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦuɔ³¹/
Hui Shexian /xa⁴⁴/
Tunxi /xau⁴⁴/ 銀～
/xe⁴⁴/ ～動
Xiang Changsha /xan¹³/
Xiangtan /ɦɔn¹²/
Gan Nanchang /hɔŋ²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /haŋ¹¹/ ～路
/hoŋ¹¹/ 銀～
Taoyuan /hoŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɔŋ²¹/ 銀～
/hɐŋ²¹/ 平～
Nanning /hɔŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /hɔŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /haŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /houŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /haŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /haŋ³¹/
/o³¹/
Rime
Character 行
Reading # 2/4
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 庚 (109)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 戸庚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦˠæŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦᵚaŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣaŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦaɨjŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ɣɐŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɐŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣɐŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 héng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 行
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xíng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hæng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*Cə.[ɡ]ˤraŋ/
English walk (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 行
Reading # 3/4
No. 13867
Phonetic
component		 行
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 行
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡraːŋ/

DefinitionsEdit

行

  1. (literary or dialectal) to walk
  2. to go; to move
  3. to carry out; to execute
  4. to perform (a salute)
  5. OK; good
    行，就這麼定了。 / 行，就这么定了。  ―  Xíng, jiù zhème dìng le.  ―  OK, it's a deal.
  6. to be good; to work
    我覺得這方法行。 / 我觉得这方法行。  ―  Wǒ juéde zhè fāngfǎ xíng.  ―  I think this will work.
  7. to be good (opposed to bad) (usually in negative sentences, or with 還)
    我成績不行。 / 我成绩不行。  ―  Wǒ chéngjī bù xíng.  ―  I have bad grades.
  8. to be able to do something (usually mentioned before)
Usage notesEdit

Notice that when meaning “be able to do something”, 行 can only be used without a complement. This is different from 能 (néng, “to be able to (do something)”).

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 行

Pronunciation 2Edit

Note:
  • òng - vernacular;
  • hòng - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 行
Mandarin Beijing /xɑŋ³⁵/
Harbin /xaŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /xɑŋ⁴⁵/ ～到
/ɕiŋ⁴⁵/ ～為
Jinan /xaŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /xaŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xaŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /xaŋ²⁴/
Xining /xɔ̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /xɑŋ⁵³/ 銀～
/ɕiŋ⁵³/ ～走
Lanzhou /xɑ̃⁵³/
Ürümqi /xɑŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /xaŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /xaŋ³¹/
Guiyang /xaŋ²¹/
Kunming /xã̠¹/ ～列
/ɕĩ¹/ ～為
Nanjing /xaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /xɑ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /xɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /xɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /xɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦɑ̃²³/
Suzhou /ɦɑ̃¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦɑŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦuɔ³¹/
Hui Shexian /xa⁴⁴/
Tunxi /xau⁴⁴/ 銀～
/xe⁴⁴/ ～動
Xiang Changsha /xan¹³/
Xiangtan /ɦɔn¹²/
Gan Nanchang /hɔŋ²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /haŋ¹¹/ ～路
/hoŋ¹¹/ 銀～
Taoyuan /hoŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɔŋ²¹/ 銀～
/hɐŋ²¹/ 平～
Nanning /hɔŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /hɔŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /haŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /houŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /haŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /haŋ³¹/
/o³¹/
Rime
Character 行
Reading # 1/4
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡郎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦaŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ɣɑŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɑŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 háng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 行
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 háng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]ˤaŋ/
English rank, row

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 行
Reading # 1/4
No. 13864
Phonetic
component		 行
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 航
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡaːŋ/

DefinitionsEdit

行

  1. profession; industry; trade; business
  2. place for specific transaction
    銀行 / 银行  ―  yínháng  ―  bank [lit. money store]
    珠寶行 / 珠宝行  ―  zhūbǎoháng  ―  jewellery store
  3. line of objects; row

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 行

Pronunciation 3Edit

Rime
Character 行
Reading # 4/4
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 庚 (109)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 下更切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦˠæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦᵚaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣaŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦaɨjŋH/
Li
Rong		 /ɣɐŋH/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɐŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hèng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 行
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xíng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hængH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]ˤraŋ-s/
English action

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 行
Reading # 4/4
No. 13876
Phonetic
component		 行
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 行
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡraːŋs/

DefinitionsEdit

行

  1. behaviour; conduct

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 行

Pronunciation 4Edit

Rime
Character 行
Reading # 4/4
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 庚 (109)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 下更切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦˠæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦᵚaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣaŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦaɨjŋH/
Li
Rong		 /ɣɐŋH/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɐŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hèng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 行
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xíng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hængH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]ˤraŋ-s/
English action

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 行
Reading # 4/4
No. 13876
Phonetic
component		 行
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 行
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡraːŋs/

DefinitionsEdit

行

  1. skill from monk training
    道行  ―  dàohéng  ―  monk training

Pronunciation 5Edit

Rime
Character 行
Reading # 2/4
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 庚 (109)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 戸庚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦˠæŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦᵚaŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣaŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦaɨjŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ɣɐŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɐŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣɐŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 héng
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 行
Reading # 2/4
No. 13866
Phonetic
component		 行
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 吭
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡaːŋs/

DefinitionsEdit

行

  1. † Only used in 行行 (“bold; staunch; strong”).
  2. Only used in 樹行子／树行子 (“row of trees”).

ReferencesEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

行

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Terms derived from 行

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
行
ぎょう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦˠæŋ). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

The kan'yōon pronunciation, possibly influenced by the goon pronunciation below.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

行 (hiragana ぎょう, rōmaji gyō, historical hiragana ぎやう)

  1. a line of text
  2. (mathematics) a row of a matrix
  3. (calligraphy) Abbreviation of 行書 (“semi-cursive script”).

SuffixEdit

行 (hiragana ぎょう, rōmaji -gyō)

  1. row (in a table of the kana)
    は行 (ぎょう)う段 (だん)
    ha-gyō u-dan
    row ha, section u
Coordinate termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Kanji in this term
行
ぎょう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦˠæŋ). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

The goon pronunciation, so likely an earlier borrowing.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

行 (hiragana ぎょう, rōmaji gyō, historical hiragana ぎやう)

  1. (Buddhism) saṅkhāra: formations, mental activity; one of the 五蘊 (goun, “five skandhas”)
  2. (Buddhism) caryā‎: austerities; practice or discipline for enlightenment (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
  3. (Buddhism) gamana: manner of going forward or walking (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
  4. (by extension, rare) going, travelling
Usage notesEdit

The "going, travelling" definition is superseded by こう below.

SynonymsEdit
See alsoEdit

Proper nounEdit

行 (hiragana ぎょう, rōmaji Gyō)

  1. A surname​.
  2. A unisex given name

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
行
こう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦɑŋ, ɦˠæŋ, ɦɑŋH, ɦˠæŋH). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely the later borrowing.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

行 (hiragana こう, rōmaji kō, historical hiragana かう)

  1. going; travelling (UK), traveling (US)
  2. type of classical Chinese verse (usually an epic)
  3. (archaic) merchant's association; guild
  4. bank (Can we verify(+) this sense?)

Proper nounEdit

行 (hiragana こう, rōmaji Kō)

  1. A unisex given name

Etymology 4Edit

Kanji in this term
行
くだり
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Cognate with 下り (kudari, “downward-going”).[1]

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

行 (hiragana くだり, rōmaji kudari)

  1. vertical row
  2. vertical line

SuffixEdit

行 (hiragana くだり, rōmaji -kudari)

  1. used to count lines of sentences (Can we verify(+) this sense?)

Etymology 5Edit

Various nanori readings.

Proper nounEdit

行 (hiragana あきら, rōmaji Akira)

  1. A unisex given name

行 (hiragana あるき, rōmaji Aruki)

  1. A place name

行 (hiragana あん, rōmaji An)

  1. A female given name

行 (hiragana いく, rōmaji Iku)

  1. A female given name

行 (hiragana いたる, rōmaji Itaru)

  1. A female given name

行 (hiragana すすむ, rōmaji Susumu)

  1. A unisex given name

行 (hiragana つとむ, rōmaji Tsutomu)

  1. A male given name

行 (hiragana つよし, rōmaji Tsuyoshi)

  1. A male given name

行 (hiragana とおる, rōmaji Tōru)

  1. A unisex given name

行 (hiragana まこと, rōmaji Makoto)

  1. A unisex given name

行 (hiragana ゆき, rōmaji Yuki)

  1. A place name
  2. A surname​.
  3. A female given name

行 (hiragana ゆくえ, rōmaji Yukue)

  1. A female given name

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

行 • (haeng)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 행 (revised: haeng, McCune-Reischauer: haeng, Yale: hayng)
    • Name (hangeul): 다닐 행
  1. movement

行 • (hang)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 항 (revised: hang, McCune-Reischauer: hang, Yale: hang)
    • Name (hangeul): 항렬 항
  1. degree of familial relation

CompoundsEdit

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

行 (hàng, hạnh, hành, ngành, hãng, hăng)

  1. company, firm
  2. (archaic) to go, to travel (on a long journey).

CompoundsEdit

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