行

See also: 彳亍

行 U+884C, 行 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-884C ← 衋 [U+884B] CJK Unified Ideographs 衍 → [U+884D]

⾏ U+2F8F, ⾏ KANGXI RADICAL WALK ENCLOSURE ← ⾎ [U+2F8E] Kangxi Radicals ⾐ → [U+2F90]

行 U+FA08, 行 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA08 ← 輻 [U+FA07] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 降 → [U+FA09]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

行 (Kangxi radical 144, 行+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹人一一弓 (HOMMN), four-corner 2122₁, composition ⿰彳亍)

1. Kangxi radical #144, ⾏.
2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №37

Usage notes

行 itself is also used as a radical (in addition to 彳); unusually for radicals, the phonetic is placed in the middle – with 彳 on the left and 亍 on the right – corresponding to the phonetic originally being placed at the middle of the intersection.

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/行
• 哘, 垳, 㤚, 𢫱, 洐, 𭤷, 𣆯, 桁, 烆, 珩, 胻, 𮁴, 䀪, 𮀖, 𥞧, 裄, 絎(绗), 𦨵, 𧊽, 𠒣, 𧻥, 䟰, 𮠧, 𬫑, 䯒, 䰢, 𫙚, 𮬷
• 鴴(鸻), 𢙡, 𪩵, 𪨳, 荇, 筕, 𢔖, 𧊔, 𢔮, 䚘, 䡓, 𢕋, 𢕁, 銜, 𢕵, 𢖍, 鵆, 𨴠

References

• KangXi: page 1108, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34029
• Dae Jaweon: page 1570, character 31
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 811, character 6
• Unihan data for U+884C

• Unihan data for U+FA08

---

Chinese

simp. and trad.		行

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 行
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)	Libian (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts	Clerical script

Characters in the same phonetic series (行) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
筕	*ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ
桁	*ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ
行	*ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs, *ɡraːŋ, *ɡraːŋs
胻	*ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, *ɡraːŋs
衡	*ɡraːŋ
蘅	*ɡraːŋ
珩	*ɡraːŋ
洐	*ɡraːŋ
荇	*ɡraːŋʔ
絎	*ɡraːŋs

Pictogram (象形) – a street intersection.

Originally symmetric, it has been simplified asymmetrically; the left half 彳 is widely used as a radical, while the right half 亍 finds occasional use, and the character can be broken up as 彳 + 亍, though originally it was not a compound.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): xíng (xing²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ

  (Chengdu, SP): xin²

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щин (xin, III)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): haang⁴, hang⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hang³

• Gan (Wiktionary): hen² / xin⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hàng / hèn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): hang²

• Jin (Wiktionary): xing¹
• Min Bei (KCR): giǎng / ǎing
• Min Dong (BUC): giàng / hèng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiâⁿ / hêng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gian⁵ / hêng⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): hhan (T3); hhin (T3)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): xin²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: xíng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyng
    • Tongyong Pinyin: síng
    • Wade–Giles: hsing2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: xin²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xin
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin²¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щин (xin, III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: haang⁴, hang⁴
    • Yale: hàahng, hàhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haang⁴, hang⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: hang⁴, heng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /häːŋ²¹/, /hɐŋ²¹/

Note:

• haang4 - vernacular;
• hang4 - literary.

• (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  • Wiktionary: hang³
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ²²/

Gan

• (Nanchang)
  • Wiktionary: hen² / xin⁴
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɛn²⁴/, /ɕin³⁵/

Note:

• hen2 - vernacular (e.g. 行時);
• xin4 - literary.

Hakka

• (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàng / hèn
  • Hakka Romanization System: hangˇ / henˇ
  • Hagfa Pinyim: hang² / hen²
  • Sinological IPA: /haŋ¹¹/, /hen¹¹/
• (Meixian)
  • Guangdong: hang²
  • Sinological IPA: /haŋ¹¹/

Note: Sixian - hèn - used in 行李.

• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: xing¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕĩŋ¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: giǎng / ǎing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiaŋ²¹/, /aiŋ²¹/

Note:

• giǎng - vernacular;
• ǎing - literary.

Min Dong

• (Fuzhou)
  • Bàng-uâ-cê: giàng / hèng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiaŋ⁵³/, /hɛiŋ⁵³/

Note:

• giàng - vernacular;
• hèng - literary.

Min Nan

• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiâⁿ
  • Tâi-lô: kiânn
  • Phofsit Daibuun: kviaa
  • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiã¹³/
  • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiã²³/
  • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Singapore): /kiã²⁴/
• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng
  • Tâi-lô: hîng
  • Phofsit Daibuun: heeng
  • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³/
  • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³/
  • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /hiɪŋ²⁴/

Note:

• kiâⁿ - vernacular;
• hêng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: gian⁵ / hêng⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiâⁿ / hêng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kĩã⁵⁵/, /heŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• gian5 - vernacular;
• hêng5 - literary (used in 行李).

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: hhan (T3); hhin (T3)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦã²³/, /ɦɪɲ²³/

Note:

• 3hhan - vernacular;
• 3hhin - literary.

Xiang

• (Changsha)
  • Wiktionary: xin²
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin¹³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 行
Mandarin	Beijing	/xɑŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/xaŋ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/xɑŋ⁴⁵/ ～到 /ɕiŋ⁴⁵/ ～為
	Jinan	/xaŋ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/xaŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/xaŋ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/xaŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/xɔ̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/xɑŋ⁵³/ 銀～ /ɕiŋ⁵³/ ～走
	Lanzhou	/xɑ̃⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/xɑŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/xaŋ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/xaŋ³¹/
	Guiyang	/xaŋ²¹/
	Kunming	/xã̠¹/ ～列 /ɕĩ¹/ ～為
	Nanjing	/xaŋ²⁴/
	Hefei	/xɑ̃⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xɒ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/xɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/xɑ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦɑ̃²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦɑ̃¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦɑŋ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦuɔ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/xa⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/xau⁴⁴/ 銀～ /xe⁴⁴/ ～動
Xiang	Changsha	/xan¹³/
	Xiangtan	/ɦɔn¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/hɔŋ²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/haŋ¹¹/ ～路 /hoŋ¹¹/ 銀～
	Taoyuan	/hoŋ¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɔŋ²¹/ 銀～ /hɐŋ²¹/ 平～
	Nanning	/hɔŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/hɔŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/haŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/houŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ɔŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/haŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/haŋ³¹/ /o³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: /ɦˠæŋ/

Rime
Character	行
Reading #	2/4
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	戸庚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣɐŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	héng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hang4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[ɡ]ˤraŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	行
Reading #	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xíng
Middle Chinese	‹ hæng ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.[ɡ]ˁraŋ/
English	walk (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	行
Reading #	3/4
No.	13867
Phonetic component	行
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	行
Old Chinese	/*ɡraːŋ/

Definitions

行

1. (literary or dialectal) to walk

   • 子曰：「三人行，必有我師焉。擇其善者而從之，其不善者而改之。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：“三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐ yuē: “Sān rén xíng, bì yǒu wǒ shī yān. Zé qí shàn zhě ér cóng zhī, qí bù shàn zhě ér gǎi zhī.” [Pinyin]

     The Master said, “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.”

2. (Cantonese, of a vehicle) to go

   巴士行得慢 [Cantonese]  ―  baa¹ si⁶ haang⁴ dak¹ maan⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  the bus goes slowly

3. (Cantonese) to navigate

   落咗車之後點行呀？ [Cantonese, trad.]
   落咗车之后点行呀？ [Cantonese, simp.]

   lok⁶ zo² ce¹ zi¹ hau⁶ dim² haang⁴ aa³? [Jyutping]

   What do I do after I get off?

4. to go; to move
5. to carry out; to execute
6. to perform (a salute)
7. OK; good

   行，就這麼定了。 / 行，就这么定了。  ―  Xíng, jiù zhème dìng le.  ―  OK, it's a deal.

8. to be good; to work

   我覺得這方法行。 / 我觉得这方法行。  ―  Wǒ juéde zhè fāngfǎ xíng.  ―  I think this will work.

9. to be good (opposed to bad) (usually in negative sentences, or with 還)

   我成績不行。 / 我成绩不行。  ―  Wǒ chéngjì bù xíng.  ―  I have bad grades.

10. to be able to do something (usually mentioned before)

    • 他能四分鐘跑一公里，我不行。 [MSC, trad.]
      他能四分钟跑一公里，我不行。 [MSC, simp.]

      Tā néng sì fēnzhōng pǎo yī gōnglǐ, wǒ bù xíng. [Pinyin]

      He can run a kilometer within 4 minutes. I can't (do that).

11. (often sarcastic) remarkable

    你真行。  ―  Nǐ zhēn xíng.  ―  You are really something.

    可還行 / 可还行  ―  kěháixíng  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)

Usage notes

Notice that when meaning “be able to do something”, 行 can only be used without a complement. This is different from 能 (néng, “to be able to (do something)”).

Synonyms

• See 行/derived_terms § Walk (Chinese).

Compounds

• See 行/derived_terms § Walk (Chinese).

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): háng (hang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄤˊ

  (Chengdu, SP): hang²

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хон (hon, III)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): hong⁴, hong^4-2

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hong³

• Gan (Wiktionary): hong²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hòng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): hong²

• Jin (Wiktionary): hon¹
• Min Bei (KCR): ǒ̤ng
• Min Dong (BUC): òng / hòng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hâng / hông

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hang⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): hhaan (T3)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): han²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: háng
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄤˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harng
    • Tongyong Pinyin: háng
    • Wade–Giles: hang2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɑŋ³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: hang²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xaŋ²¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хон (hon, III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɑŋ⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hong⁴, hong^4-2
    • Yale: hòhng, hóng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hong⁴, hong^4-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: hong⁴, hong²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːŋ²¹/, /hɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hong³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔŋ²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: hong²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔŋ²⁴/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: hongˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hong²
    • Sinological IPA: /hoŋ¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hong²
    • Sinological IPA: /hɔŋ¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: hon¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /xɒ̃¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǒ̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔŋ²¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: òng / hòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ouŋ⁵³/, /houŋ⁵³/

Note:

• òng - vernacular;
• hòng - literary.

Min Nan

• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâng
  • Tâi-lô: hâng
  • Phofsit Daibuun: haang
  • IPA (Zhangzhou): /haŋ¹³/
  • IPA (Kaohsiung): /haŋ²³/
  • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /haŋ²⁴/
• (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông
  • Tâi-lô: hông
  • Phofsit Daibuun: hoong
  • IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴/
• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: hang⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hâng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ⁵⁵/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: hhaan (T3)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦɑ̃²³/

Xiang

• (Changsha)
  • Wiktionary: han²
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xan¹³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 行
Mandarin	Beijing	/xɑŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/xaŋ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/xɑŋ⁴⁵/ ～到 /ɕiŋ⁴⁵/ ～為
	Jinan	/xaŋ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/xaŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/xaŋ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/xaŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/xɔ̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/xɑŋ⁵³/ 銀～ /ɕiŋ⁵³/ ～走
	Lanzhou	/xɑ̃⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/xɑŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/xaŋ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/xaŋ³¹/
	Guiyang	/xaŋ²¹/
	Kunming	/xã̠¹/ ～列 /ɕĩ¹/ ～為
	Nanjing	/xaŋ²⁴/
	Hefei	/xɑ̃⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xɒ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/xɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/xɑ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦɑ̃²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦɑ̃¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦɑŋ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦuɔ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/xa⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/xau⁴⁴/ 銀～ /xe⁴⁴/ ～動
Xiang	Changsha	/xan¹³/
	Xiangtan	/ɦɔn¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/hɔŋ²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/haŋ¹¹/ ～路 /hoŋ¹¹/ 銀～
	Taoyuan	/hoŋ¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɔŋ²¹/ 銀～ /hɐŋ²¹/ 平～
	Nanning	/hɔŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/hɔŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/haŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/houŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ɔŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/haŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/haŋ³¹/ /o³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: /ɦɑŋ/

Rime
Character	行
Reading #	1/4
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡郎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣɑŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	háng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hong4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	行
Reading #	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	háng
Middle Chinese	‹ hang ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁaŋ/
English	rank, row
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	行
Reading #	1/4
No.	13864
Phonetic component	行
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	航
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːŋ/

Definitions

行

1. profession; industry; trade; business
2. place for specific transaction

   銀行 / 银行  ―  yínháng  ―  bank [lit. money store]

   珠寶行 / 珠宝行  ―  zhūbǎoháng  ―  jewellery store

3. line of objects; row

   兩行字 / 两行字 [Cantonese]  ―  loeng⁵ hong⁴ zi⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  two lines of text

4. (Mainland China) row (in data tables)

   Synonym: 列 (liè) (Taiwan)

5. (Taiwan) column (in data tables)

   Synonym: 列 (liè) (Mainland China)

Compounds

• See 行/derived_terms § Profession (Chinese).

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (行):

• → Japanese: 行(ぎょう) (gyō)
• → Korean: 항 (行, hang)
• → Vietnamese: hàng (行)

Others:

• → Thai: ห้าง (hâang)
• → Zhuang: hangz

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xíng, xìng

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ, ㄒㄧㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hang⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hèn / hen

  (Meixian, Guangdong): hên⁴

• Min Dong (BUC): hâing
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hēng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hêng⁶

• Wu (Wiktionary): hhin (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Pinyin: xíng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyng
    • Tongyong Pinyin: síng
    • Wade–Giles: hsing2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: xìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinq
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sìng
    • Wade–Giles: hsing4
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hang⁶
    • Yale: hahng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hang⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: heng⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hèn
    • Hakka Romanization System: henˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hen²
    • Sinological IPA: /hen¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hen
    • Hakka Romanization System: hen
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hen⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /hen⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hên⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /hɛn⁵³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hâing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haiŋ²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hēng
    • Tâi-lô: hīng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: heng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hêng⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hĕng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /heŋ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: hhin (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦɪɲ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: /ɦˠæŋ^H/

Rime
Character	行
Reading #	4/4
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	下更切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠæŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚaŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣaŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨjŋH/
Li Rong	/ɣɐŋH/
Wang Li	/ɣɐŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɐŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hang6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤraŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	行
Reading #	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xíng
Middle Chinese	‹ hængH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁraŋ-s/
English	action
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	行
Reading #	4/4
No.	13876
Phonetic component	行
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	行
Old Chinese	/*ɡraːŋs/

Definitions

行

1. ^⁜ behaviour; conduct

Compounds

• See 行/derived_terms § Behavior (Chinese).

Pronunciation 4

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): héng, háng (heng², hang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄥˊ, ㄏㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hang⁶
• Gan (Wiktionary): hen⁵
• Min Dong (BUC): hâing
• Min Nan (POJ): hēng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: héng
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄥˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: herng
    • Tongyong Pinyin: héng
    • Wade–Giles: hêng2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤŋ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: háng
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄤˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harng
    • Tongyong Pinyin: háng
    • Wade–Giles: hang2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hang⁶
    • Yale: hahng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hang⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: heng⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐŋ²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: hen⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɛn¹¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hâing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haiŋ²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hēng
    • Tâi-lô: hīng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: heng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: /ɦˠæŋ^H/

Rime
Character	行
Reading #	4/4
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	下更切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠæŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚaŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣaŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨjŋH/
Li Rong	/ɣɐŋH/
Wang Li	/ɣɐŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɐŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hang6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤraŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	行
Reading #	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xíng
Middle Chinese	‹ hængH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁraŋ-s/
English	action
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	行
Reading #	4/4
No.	13876
Phonetic component	行
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	行
Old Chinese	/*ɡraːŋs/

Definitions

行

1. skill from monk training

   道行  ―  dàohéng  ―  monk training

Pronunciation 5

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hàng (hang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hong⁶
• Min Dong (BUC): hâung

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: hàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄤˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hanq
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hàng
    • Wade–Giles: hang4
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hong⁶
    • Yale: hohng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hong⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: hong⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːŋ²²/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hâung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɑuŋ²⁴²/

---

• Middle Chinese: /ɦɑŋ^H/

Rime
Character	行
Reading #	3/4
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	下浪切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaŋH/
Li Rong	/ɣɑŋH/
Wang Li	/ɣɑŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hong6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	行
Reading #	2/4
No.	13866
Phonetic component	行
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	吭
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːŋs/

Definitions

行

1. order; rank
2. ^† Used in 行行 (“bold; staunch; strong”).
3. Used in 樹行子／树行子 (“row of trees”).

References

• “行”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03699
• (Min Nan) “Entry #2617”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

行

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ぎょう (gyō, Jōyō)^{←ぎやう (gyau, historical)}; ごう (gō)^{←がう (gau, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Tō-on: あん (an, Jōyō ^†); ひん (hin)
• Sō-on: あん (an, Jōyō ^†); へん (hen)
• Kun: いく (iku, 行く, Jōyō); ゆく (yuku, 行く, Jōyō); おこなう (okonau, 行う, Jōyō)^{←おこなふ (okonafu, historical)}; おこなう (okonau, 行なう)^{←おこなふ (okonafu, historical)}; おこない (okonai, 行い)^{←おこなひ (okonafi, historical)}; くだり (kudari, 行)
• Nanori: つら (tsura); ゆき (yuki)

Compounds

• See 行/derived_terms § Kanji.

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
行
ぎょう Grade: 2
kan’yōon

From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦˠæŋ). First cited in Buddhist texts of the early 600s.

The goon pronunciation, so likely an earlier borrowing.

• For the "formations" definition, translation of Sanskrit संस्कार (saṃskāra)
• For "austerities", translation of Sanskrit चर्या (caryā)
• For "walking", translation of Sanskrit गमन (gamana)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ぎょ​ー [gyóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɡʲo̞ː]

Noun

行(ぎょう) • (gyō) ^{←ぎやう (gyau)?}

1. [from late 1100s] a line of text
2. [date uncertain] (mathematics) a row of a matrix
3. [from 1177] (calligraphy) Abbreviation of 行書 (“semi-cursive script”).
4. [from 1887] a row or column, such as in a table; more specifically, such a row or column in the gojūon table, which consists of kana that have or historically had the same initial consonant

   さ行(ぎょう)う段(だん)

   sa-gyō u-dan

   row sa, section u (of consonant /s/ and vowel /u/)

   Coordinate term: 段 (dan)

5. [from 830] (Buddhism) saṅkhāra: formations, mental activity; one of the 五蘊 (goun, “five skandhas”)
6. [from early 600s] (Buddhism) caryā: austerities; practice or discipline for enlightenment (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
7. [date uncertain] (Buddhism) gamana: manner of going forward or walking (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

Synonyms

• (formations): 行(ぎょう)蘊(うん) (gyōun)

See also

• 五(ご)蘊(うん) (goun, “five skandhas”): 色(しき) (shiki, “rūpa”), 受(じゅ) (ju, “vedanā”), 想(そう) (sō, “saññā”), 行(ぎょう) (gyō, “saṅkhāra”), 識(しき) (shiki, “viññāṇa”)

Proper noun

行(ぎょう) • (Gyō) 

1. A surname​.
2. A unisex given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
行
こう Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦɑŋ, ɦˠæŋ, ɦɑŋ^H, ɦˠæŋ^H). First cited to 1275.

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely the later borrowing.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こ​ー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ː]

Noun

行(こう) • (kō) ^{←かう (kau)?}

1. going; travelling (UK), traveling (US)
2. type of classical Chinese verse (usually an epic)
3. (archaic) merchant's association; guild
4. bank (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

Proper noun

行(こう) • (Kō) 

1. A unisex given name

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
行
あん Grade: 2
tōon

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Affix

行(あん) • (an) 

1. journey; travel
2. carry around

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
行
くだり Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Cognate with 下り (kudari, “downward-going”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) くだり [kùdárí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝda̠ɾʲi]

Noun

行(くだり) • (kudari) 

1. vertical row
2. vertical line

Suffix

行(くだり) • (-kudari) 

1. used to count lines of sentences (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

Etymology 5

Various nanori readings.

Proper noun

行(あきら) or 行(すすむ) or 行(とおる) or 行(まこと) • (Akira or Susumu or Tōru or Makoto) 

1. A unisex given name

Proper noun

行(あるき) • (Aruki) 

1. A place name

Proper noun

行(あん) or 行(いく) or 行(いたる) or 行(ゆくえ) • (An or Iku or Itaru or Yukue) 

1. A female given name

Proper noun

行(つとむ) or 行(つよし) • (Tsutomu or Tsuyoshi) 

1. A male given name

Proper noun

行(ゆき) • (Yuki) 

1. A place name
2. A surname​.
3. A female given name

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Korean

Etymology 1

“movement; going”

From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦˠæŋ, “walk; move”).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	Recorded as Middle Korean ᅘᆡᇰ (Yale: hhòyng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3]	녈 ᄒᆡᇰ	Recorded as Middle Korean ᄒᆡᇰ (hoyng) (Yale: hòyng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575	녈 ᄒᆡᆼ	Recorded as Middle Korean ᄒᆡᆼ (hoyng) (Yale: hoyng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Early Modern Korean
Text	Final (韻)	Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751	ᄃᆞᆫ닐 ᄒᆡᆼ	Recorded as Early Modern Korean ᄒᆡᆼ (Yale: hoyng) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.

“behaviour; conduct”

From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦˠæŋ^H, “behaviour”).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	Recorded as Middle Korean ᅘᆡᇰ〮 (Yale: hhóyng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[4]	ᄒᆡᇰ〯뎍〮 ᄒᆡᇰ〯	Recorded as Middle Korean ᄒᆡᇰ〯 (hǒyng) (Yale: hǒyng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575	ᄒᆡᆼ실 ᄒᆡᆼ	Recorded as Middle Korean  ᄒᆡᆼ ( hoyng) (Yale: hoyng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Early Modern Korean
Text	Final (韻)	Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751	ᄒᆡᆼ실 ᄒᆡᆼ	Recorded as Early Modern Korean ᄒᆡᆼ (Yale: hoyng) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.

“line; row”

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 항 (hang) based on Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦɑŋ, “row”).

“place for specific transaction”

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 항 (hang) based on Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦɑŋ, “market”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [hɛŋ] ~ [he̞ŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [행/헹]

Hanja

Wikisource

行 (eumhun 다닐 행 (danil haeng))

1. Hanja form^? of 행 (“movement; going”).
2. Hanja form^? of 행 (“behaviour; conduct”).
3. Hanja form^? of 행 (“line; row”).
4. Hanja form^? of 행 (“place for specific transaction”).
5. Hanja form^? of 행 (“(suffix) (transport) bound for”).

Compounds

• See 行/derived_terms § Movement (Korean).

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦɑŋ, “row”).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	Recorded as Middle Korean ᅘᅡᇰ (Yale: hhàng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[5]	져제〮 하ᇰ	Recorded as Middle Korean 하ᇰ (hang) (Yale: hàng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Early Modern Korean
Text	Final (韻)	Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751	줄 행	Recorded as Early Modern Korean 항 (Yale: hang) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ha̠ŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [항]

Hanja

行 (eumhun 항렬 항 (hangnyeol hang))

1. Hanja form^? of 항 (“degree of familial relation”).
2. (historical) Hanja form^? of 항 (“a line of soldiers”).

Compounds

• See 行/derived_terms § Degree of relation (Korean).

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [6]

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Vietnamese

Han character

行: Hán Nôm readings: hàng, hạnh, hành, ngành, hãng, hăng

1. company, firm
2. (archaic) to go, to travel (on a long journey).

Compounds

• See 行/derived_terms § Company (Vietnamese).