行
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TranslingualEdit
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Han characterEdit
行 (radical 144, 行+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹人一一弓 (HOMMN), four-corner 21221, composition ⿰彳亍)
- Kangxi radical #144, ⾏.
Usage notesEdit
行 itself is also used as a radical (in addition to 彳); unusually for radicals, the phonetic is placed in the middle – with 彳 on the left and 亍 on the right – corresponding to the phonetic originally being placed at the middle of the intersection.
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1108, character 31
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34029
- Dae Jaweon: page 1570, character 31
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 811, character 6
- Unihan data for U+884C
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
行 | |
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Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 行 | ||||||||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | Libian (compiled in Qing) | ||
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | Clerical script |
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Pictogram (象形) – a street intersection.
Originally symmetric, it has been simplified asymmetrically; the left half 彳 is widely used as a radical, while the right half 亍 finds occasional use, and the character can be broken up as 彳 + 亍, though originally it was not a compound.
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
行
- (literary or dialectal) to walk
- 子曰：「三人行，必有我師焉。擇其善者而從之，其不善者而改之。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐ yuē: “Sān rén xíng, bì yǒu wǒ shī yān. Zé qí shàn zhě ér cóng zhī, qí bù shàn zhě ér gǎi zhī.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.”
子曰：“三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Cantonese) to navigate
- to go; to move
- to carry out; to execute
- to perform (a salute)
- OK; good
- to be good; to work
- to be good (opposed to bad) (usually in negative sentences, or with 還)
- to be able to do something (usually mentioned before)
- (often sarcastic) remarkable
Usage notesEdit
Notice that when meaning “be able to do something”, 行 can only be used without a complement. This is different from 能 (néng, “to be able to (do something)”).
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
行
- profession; industry; trade; business
- place for specific transaction
- line of objects; row
- (Mainland China) row (in data tables)
- (Taiwan) column (in data tables)
CompoundsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Others:
Pronunciation 3Edit
DefinitionsEdit
行
CompoundsEdit
Pronunciation 4Edit
DefinitionsEdit
行
Pronunciation 5Edit
DefinitionsEdit
行
ReferencesEdit
- “行”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03699
- (Min Nan) “Entry #2617”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: ぎょう (gyō, Jōyō)←ぎやう (gyau, historical); ごう (gō)←がう (gau, historical)
- Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
- Tō-on: あん (an, Jōyō †); ひん (hin)
- Sō-on: あん (an, Jōyō †); へん (hen)
- Kan’yō-on: ぎょう (gyō, Jōyō)←ぎやう (gyau, historical)
- Kun: いく (iku, 行く, Jōyō); ゆく (yuku, 行く, Jōyō); おこなう (okonau, 行う, Jōyō)←おこなふ (okonafu, historical); おこなう (okonau, 行なう)←おこなふ (okonafu, historical); くだり (kudari, 行)
- Nanori: つら (tsura); ゆき (yuki)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 行 |
| ぎょう Grade: 2 |
| kan’yōon |
From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦˠæŋ). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
The kan'yōon pronunciation, possibly influenced by the goon pronunciation below.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
行 • (gyō) (historical kana ぎやう)
- a line of text
- (mathematics) a row of a matrix
- (calligraphy) Abbreviation of 行書 (“semi-cursive script”).
SuffixEdit
- a row (vertical line) in the gojūon table, which consists of kanas that have or historically have a same consonant
- さ行う段
- sa-gyō u-dan
- row sa, section u (of consonant /s/ and vowel /u/)
- さ行う段
Coordinate termsEdit
- 段 (dan)
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 行 |
| ぎょう Grade: 2 |
| goon |
From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦˠæŋ). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
The goon pronunciation, so likely an earlier borrowing.
- For the "formations" definition, translation of Sanskrit संस्कार (saṃskāra)
- For "austerities", translation of Sanskrit चर्या (caryā)
- For "walking", translation of Sanskrit गमन (gamana)
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
行 • (gyō) (historical kana ぎやう)
- (Buddhism) saṅkhāra: formations, mental activity; one of the 五蘊 (goun, “five skandhas”)
- (Buddhism) caryā: austerities; practice or discipline for enlightenment (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
- (Buddhism) gamana: manner of going forward or walking (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
- (by extension, rare) going, travelling
Usage notesEdit
The "going, travelling" definition is superseded by こう below.
SynonymsEdit
- (formations): 行蘊 (gyōun)
See alsoEdit
- 五蘊 (goun, “five skandhas”): 色 (shiki, “rūpa”), 受 (ju, “vedanā”), 想 (sō, “saññā”), 行 (gyō, “saṅkhāra”), 識 (shiki, “viññāṇa”)
Proper nounEdit
- A surname.
- A unisex given name
Etymology 3Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 行 |
| こう Grade: 2 |
| kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦɑŋ, ɦˠæŋ, ɦɑŋH, ɦˠæŋH). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely the later borrowing.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- going; travelling (UK), traveling (US)
- type of classical Chinese verse (usually an epic)
- (archaic) merchant's association; guild
- bank (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
Proper nounEdit
- A unisex given name
Etymology 4Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 行 |
| あん Grade: 2 |
| tōon |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
AffixEdit
Etymology 5Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 行 |
| くだり Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
Cognate with 下り (kudari, “downward-going”).[1]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
SuffixEdit
Etymology 6Edit
Various nanori readings.
Proper nounEdit
行 or 行 or 行 or 行 • (Akira or Susumu or Tōru or Makoto)
- A unisex given name
Proper nounEdit
- A place name
Proper nounEdit
行 or 行 or 行 or 行 • (An or Iku or Itaru or Yukue)
- A female given name
Proper nounEdit
行 or 行 • (Tsutomu or Tsuyoshi)
- A male given name
Proper nounEdit
- A place name
- A surname.
- A female given name
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
Etymology 1Edit
- “movement; going”
- From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦˠæŋ, “walk; move”).
- Recorded as Middle Korean ᅘᆡᇰ* (Yale: hhoyng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean ᄒᆡᇰ (Yale: hoyng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
- “behaviour; conduct”
- From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦˠæŋH, “behaviour”).
- Recorded as Middle Korean ᅘᆡᇰ〮* (Yale: hhóyng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean ᄒᆡᇰ〯 (Yale: hǒyng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
- “line; row”
- From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 항 (hang) based on Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦɑŋ, “row”).
- “place for specific transaction”
- From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 항 (hang) based on Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦɑŋ, “market”).
PronunciationEdit
- (Standard Korean) Phonetic hangeul: [행]
HanjaEdit
- Hanja form? of 행 (“movement; going”).
- Hanja form? of 행 (“behaviour; conduct”).
- Hanja form? of 행 (“line; row”).
- Hanja form? of 행 (“place for specific transaction”).
- (suffix) Hanja form? of 행 (“(transport) bound for”).
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦɑŋ, “row”).
Recorded as Middle Korean ᅘᅡᇰ* (Yale: hhang) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 하ᇰ (Yale: hang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
PronunciationEdit
- (Standard Korean) Phonetic hangeul: [항]
HanjaEdit
行 (eumhun 항렬 항 (hangnyeol hang))
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
行 (hàng, hạnh, hành, ngành, hãng, hăng)