Wiktionary

理

理 U+7406, 理
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7406
← 琅
[U+7405] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 琇 →
[U+7407]
理 U+F9E4, 理
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E4
← 泥
[U+F9E3] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 痢 →
[U+F9E5]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
Hong Kong
 
Stroke order
Japan
   

Han characterEdit

Stroke order
 

理 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 一土田土 (MGWG), four-corner 16114, composition ⿰王里)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 733, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21014
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1145, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1115, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+7406

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 理

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (里) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
埋 *mrɯː
霾 *mrɯː
薶 *mrɯː
榸 *ʔr'ɯː
厘 *rɯ
狸 *rɯ
貍 *p·rɯ
梩 *rɯ
艃 *rɯ
里 *rɯʔ
理 *rɯʔ
鯉 *rɯʔ
俚 *rɯʔ
悝 *rɯʔ, *km̥ʰlɯː
娌 *rɯʔ
裏 *rɯʔ
荲 *r̥ʰɯɡ, *l̥ʰuɡ, *hluɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rɯʔ): semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ).

According to Shuowen Jiezi, the character meant “to polish jade”. The current meaning “to order, tidy up” may be derived from it.

EtymologyEdit

"to cut jade, to mark out (field boundaries)"
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-rəj (“draw, mark, boundary”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007); cognate with Apatani a-rí (“boundary”), Mizo ri (“boundary, frontier, border”), Drung bri (“to write”), Mru pri (“to scratch”), Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write”), Burmese ရေး (re:, “to write”) & စာရေး (care:, “to write, clerk”). Schuessler glossed its fundamental meaning as "cut in a regular way, divide into equal sections".
"to regulate"
STEDT groups this sense "to cut jade, to mark out (field boundaries)"; Schuessler (2007) noted that 理 (lǐ) "to regulate" was often thought to be the same word as 理 (lǐ) "to divide into sections", as the former sense might be derived from the latter.
"to administer"
Probably related to 釐 (lí, “to regulate”) (Schuessler, 2007)
"envoy, jail official, matchmaker"
Related to 吏 (lì, “official”), 史 (shǐ, “scribe, historian”), and 使 (shì, “ambassador”)
Possibly the same word as 理 (lǐ) "to administer".
According to Schuessler (2007), from Austroasiatic; compare Old Khmer re (“to move, change position”) & its derivatives Old Khmer pre (“to send, order, assign, appoint, delegate, use, employ, make”), in turn related to paṃre (“to serve; service, duty; servant, delegate, representative, minister”); with Sino-Tibetan causative *s- corresponding to Khmer causative *p-..

PronunciationEdit

Rime
Character 理
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 良士切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɨX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lɨX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɨX/
Li
Rong 		/liəX/
Wang
Li 		/lĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/liX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lei5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 理 理
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lǐ lǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ liX › ‹ liX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m(ə).rəʔ/ /*m(ə).rəʔ/
English cut jade; regulate reason; principle

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 理
Reading # 1/1
No. 7827
Phonetic
component 		里
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		里
Old
Chinese 		/*rɯʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

理

  1. (obsolete) to cut and polish jade
  2. to put in order; to tidy up
    整理  ―  zhěnglǐ  ―  to tidy
    把頭髮理一理／把头发理一理  ―  bǎ tóufà lǐ yī lǐ  ―  to get a haircut
  3. to manage; to run; to handle
    理財／理财  ―  lǐcái  ―  to manage money matters
  4. (usually in negative) to pay attention to; to care about
    他們不理我。／他们不理我。  ―  Tāmen bù lǐ wǒ.  ―  They are ignoring me.
    佢連自己個仔都唔理。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢连自己个仔都唔理。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 lin4 zi6 gei2 go3 zai2 dou1 m4 lei5. [Jyutping]
    He doesn't care about even his own son.
  5. texture; grain (of wood)
    肌理  ―  jīlǐ  ―  skin texture
  6. reason; logic; truth; science
    真理  ―  zhēnlǐ  ―  truth
    講理／讲理  ―  jiǎnglǐ  ―  to be reasonable
  7. natural science
    理科  ―  lǐkē  ―  the sciences
    數理化／数理化  ―  shùlǐhuà  ―  mathematics, physics and chemistry
  8. a surname
  9. (obsolete) envoy; jail-official; matchmaker

SynonymsEdit

Synonyms of 理
  • (to pay attention to):
Dialectal synonyms of 理 (“to be concerned with; to pay attention to”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 理, 管, 睬, 理睬, 理會
Mandarin Beijing 理, 搭理, 搭咯
Taiwan 理, 管
Jinan 理, 搭理
Xi'an 招, 理
Wuhan 邇, 理, 睬
Chengdu 理, 睬
Yangzhou 睬
Hefei 理, 睬
Singapore 理, 管
Cantonese Guangzhou 睬, 理, 騷
Hong Kong 睬, 理, 騷
Yangjiang 理, 睬
Singapore (Guangfu) 理
Gan Nanchang 理, 搭
Hakka Meixian 睬, 唰
Jin Taiyuan 理, 理睬
Min Bei Jian'ou 理
Min Dong Fuzhou 叕, 插
Min Nan Xiamen 插, 插唆, 插潲, 插管, 管待
Quanzhou 插, 插唆, 插潲
Zhangzhou 插, 插潲, 插管, 管待
Tainan 插, 管, 管待
Penang (Hokkien) 插潲
Singapore (Hokkien) 插, 插潲, 管, 插管, 甩
Chaozhou 睬
Shantou 理
Singapore (Teochew) 插
Wu Suzhou 理, 睬
Wenzhou 朝, 理
Xiang Changsha 齒
Shuangfeng 齒, 搭, 邇
Synonyms of 理

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 理

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

理

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
理
り
Grade: 2
on’yomi

NounEdit

理(り) • (ri) 

  1. reason, logic

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
理
ことわり
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 理 – see the following entry.
【ことわり】
[noun] rejecting
[noun] 理, 道理, 理由:
[noun] reason; logic
[noun] reason; motive
[adjective] This term needs a translation to English.
[verb] stem or continuative form of ことわる (kotowaru) [godan]
Alternative spellings
理, 道理, 理由, 断り, 断わり, 断
(This term, 理, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
理
おさむ
Grade: 2
nanori

Proper nounEdit

理(おさむ) • (Osamu) 

  1. a male given name

KoreanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Chinese 理 (MC lɨX). Recorded as Middle Korean 리〯 (lǐ) (Yale: lǐ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

PronunciationEdit

  • (initial position)
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [i(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
  • (non-initial position)

HanjaEdit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

理 (eumhun 다스릴 리 (daseuril ri), South Korea 다스릴 이 (daseuril i))

  1. Hanja form? of 리/이 (“reason; logic”).

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

ReferencesEdit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Pai-langEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gja. Compare Old Burmese ရျာ (rya).

NumeralEdit

理 (*riəʔ)

  1. hundred

ReferencesEdit

  • Hill, Nathan W. (2017), “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎[2], volume 103, pages 386—429

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

理: Hán Nôm readings: lí, lẽ, nhẽ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReferencesEdit

  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=理&oldid=71924998"