老者

Chinese

		old; aged; venerable old; aged; venerable; outdated; experienced; (affectionate prefix)	‑ist, ‑er (person); person (who does sth)
trad. (老者)		老	者
simp. #(老者)		老	者

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lǎozhě

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄠˇ ㄓㄜˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lou⁵ ze²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lǎozhě [Phonetic: láozhě]
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˇ ㄓㄜˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lǎojhě
    • Wade–Giles: lao³-chê³
    • Yale: lǎu-jě
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: laojee
    • Palladius: лаочжэ (laočžɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lou⁵ ze²
    • Yale: lóuh jé
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lou⁵ dze²
    • Guangdong Romanization: lou⁵ zé²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lou̯¹³ t͡sɛː³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: lawX tsyaeX

Rime
Character	老	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	盧晧切	章也切
Baxter	lawX	tsyaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑuX/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑuX/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑuX/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lawX/	/ciaX/
Li Rong	/lɑuX/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Wang Li	/lɑuX/	/t͡ɕĭaX/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑuX/	/t͡ɕi̯aX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lǎo	zhě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lou5	ze2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.rˤuʔ  tAʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ruːʔ  tjaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	老	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lǎo	zhě
Middle Chinese	‹ lawX ›	‹ tsyæX ›
Old Chinese	/*C.rˁuʔ/	/*tAʔ/
English	old	(nominalizing particle)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	老	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	7666	16960
Phonetic component	老	者
Rime group	幽	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	老	者
Old Chinese	/*ruːʔ/	/*tjaːʔ/
Notes		說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水， 爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說

Noun

老者

1. (literary) old person; old people

Synonyms

• 家先生 (Hakka, polite, term of address)
• 老人 (lǎorén)
• 老人家 (polite, term of address)
• 老大人 (Hokkien, polite, term of address)
• 老年人 (lǎoniánrén)
• 黃髮／黄发 (huángfà) (literary)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (老者):

• → Japanese: 老者(ろうしゃ) (rōsha)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
老	者
ろう Grade: 4	しゃ Grade: 3
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
老者 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ろ​ーしゃ [róꜜòshà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɾo̞ːɕa̠]

Noun

老(ろう)者(しゃ) • (rōsha) ^{←らうしゃ (rausya)?}

1. old person; elderly

Synonyms

• 老(ろう)人(じん) (rōjin)
• 年(とし)寄(よ)り (toshiyori)
• 古(こ)老(ろう) (korō)