藝術

See also: 芸術 and 艺术

ChineseEdit

		skill; art	method; technique
trad. (藝術)		藝	術
simp. (艺术)		艺	术

Wikipedia has articles on:

藝術 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
藝術 (Cantonese)
藝術 (Gan)
ngi-su̍t (Hakka)
gē-su̍t (Min Nan)
艺术 (Wu)

EtymologyEdit

Attestable in Literary Chinese. Popularised from Japanese 芸術 (geijutsu). "Art" in the modern sense was expressed in Classical Chinese as the single character 藝／艺 (yì), for example 書藝／书艺 (shūyì, “the art of writing; calligraphy”), or its near-synonym 道 (dào, “way”), for example 茶道 (chádào, “the way of tea; tea ceremony”).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yìshù, yìshu

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ ㄕㄨˋ, ㄧˋ ˙ㄕㄨ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йишу (yišu, II-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai⁶ seot⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngi-su̍t
Min Dong (BUC): ngiê-sŭk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): gē-su̍t

(Teochew, Peng'im): ghoi⁷ sug⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): ³nyi-zeq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yìshù → yìshu (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ ㄕㄨˋ → ㄧˋ ˙ㄕㄨ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yìshů
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴-shu⁵
  - Yale: yì-shu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih.shuh
  - Palladius: ишу (išu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/ → /i⁵¹ ʂu¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yìshu
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ ˙ㄕㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yìshů
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴-shu⁵
  - Yale: yì-shu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih.shu
  - Palladius: ишу (išu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹ ʂu¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йишу (yišu, II-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹ ʂou²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngai⁶ seot⁶
  - Yale: ngaih seuht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngai⁶ soet⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngei⁶ sêd⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐi̯²² sɵt̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngi-su̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngi sud
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngi⁴ sud⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲi⁵⁵ sut̚⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiê-sŭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋie²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^(s-)luʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gē-su̍t
  - Tâi-lô: gē-su̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gexsut
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡe²²⁻²¹ sut̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡe⁴¹⁻²² sut̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡe²²⁻²¹ sut̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡe³³⁻¹¹ sut̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡe³³⁻²¹ sut̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ghoi⁷ sug⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gōi su̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɡoi¹¹ suk̚⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ³nyi-zeq
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi²² z̥əʔ⁴⁴/

NounEdit

藝術

art; art form
藝術批評家／艺术批评家 ― yìshù pīpíngjiā ― art critic

藝術策展人／艺术策展人 ― yìshù cèzhǎnrén ― art curator

搞藝術／搞艺术 ― gǎo yìshù ― to do art

藝術風格／艺术风格 ― yìshù fēnggé ― artistic style

藝術修養／艺术修养 ― yìshù xiūyǎng ― artistic training

藝術表現形式／艺术表现形式 ― yìshù biǎoxiàn xíngshì ― forms of artistic expression

繁榮文學藝術／繁荣文学艺术 ― fánróng wénxué yìshù ― to enable literature and art to flourish

在現代社會中，藝術起到了怎樣的作用？ [MSC, trad.]
在现代社会中，艺术起到了怎样的作用？ [MSC, simp.]
Zài xiàndài shèhuì zhōng, yìshù qǐ dào le zěnyàng de zuòyòng? [Pinyin]
What role does art play in modern societies?

明朝和清朝是篆刻藝術的兩段黃金時期。 [MSC, trad.]
明朝和清朝是篆刻艺术的两段黄金时期。 [MSC, simp.]
Míngcháo hé Qīngcháo shì zhuànkè yìshù de liǎng duàn huángjīnshíqī. [Pinyin]
The Ming and Qing dynasties were golden periods for the art of seal cutting.
- 沉默是一種處世哲學，用得好時，又是一種藝術。 [MSC, trad.]
  沉默是一种处世哲学，用得好时，又是一种艺术。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 朱自清《沉默》
  Chénmò shì yī zhǒng chǔshì zhéxué, yòng de hǎo shí, yòu shì yī zhǒng yìshù. [Pinyin]
  Silence in social conduct is a kind of philosophy and an art form when used well.