好
See also: 女子
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TranslingualEdit
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Han characterEdit
好 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 女弓木 (VND), four-corner 47447, composition ⿰女子)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 255, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6053
- Dae Jaweon: page 518, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1028, character 1
- Unihan data for U+597D
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 好 | |
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| simp. # | 好 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 好 | |||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意): 女 (“woman”) + 子 (“child”).
The widely accepted meaning of this character is that the characters for "female" (女) and "child" (子) were put together to form a compound because it was good for a woman to have a child. Similarly, it has been proposed that the compound originally refers to the mutual affection between the mother and child, which then extended to mean "good". These theories are supported by the smaller 子 found in some oracle bones and bronze inscriptions.
However, broader interpretations of the second character 子 could lead to other theories. 子 could also mean "son", so it may have meant two children, a boy and a girl next to each other, which is a good fortune to have a boy and a girl. 子 could also mean "man", so it may have referred to the love between a man and a woman, which is good. Duan Yucai, in his annotated version of Shuowen, interpreted it as originally referring to the beauty of 女子 (nǚzǐ, “woman”). Lastly, it could mean that the "attitude" of a girl was considered good.
EtymologyEdit
The two pronunciations are cognate – pronunciation 2 is the *-s suffixed form, or exoactive/putative of pronunciation 1, literally "to consider good". Compare 惡 (OC *qaːɡ, “bad; evil”) > 惡 (OC *qaːɡs, “to consider bad; to hate”).
This word has been compared with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hu (“to raise; to rear; to nourish”): Proto-Lolo-Burmese *hu³, Abor-Miri (Tani) u, Mawo Northern Qiang χu, which is only attested in a limited number of languages. If this is correct, it may be related to 畜 (OC *l̥ʰuɡs, *l̥ʰuɡ, *hluɡ, “to raise; to rear; domesticated animal”). Alternatively, compare Tibetan མཁོ (mkho, “necessary, important”).
Cognate with Central Bai hux (“good”), which may be a loanword from Chinese.
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
好
- good; well
- Used as an interjection.
- friendly; close; acquainted
- 就是姊妹弟兄跟前，誰和我好，我就和誰好。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18th century CE
- Jiù shì zǐmèi dìxiōng gēnqián, shéi hé wǒ hǎo, wǒ jiù hé shéi hǎo. [Pinyin]
- Indeed, just among us brothers and sisters, whoever is kind to me, I'll be kind to them also.
就是姊妹弟兄跟前，谁和我好，我就和谁好。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- (specifically) to start dating; to become romantic partners
- done; ready
- to be good to; easy to
- (making it) convenient; easy for
- to recover from an illness
- (somewhat dialectal) very; quite; rather; so
- a pleasure to (do something); good for (doing something)
- properly; carefully
- 記得帶好雨具！／记得带好雨具！ ― Jìdé dài hǎo yǔjù! ― Remember to bring along rain gear! / Make sure your rain gear is on you!
- 聽好了！／听好了！ ― Tīng hǎo le! ― Now listen carefully!
- 食好瞓好／食好𰥛好 [Cantonese] ― sik6 hou2 fan3 hou2 [Jyutping] ― eat well and sleep well
- 做好功課／做好功课 [Cantonese] ― zou6 hou2 gung1 fo3 [Jyutping] ― to do one's homework (as one should)
- Particle used after verbs to denote the completion or near-completion of an action.
- Used after a noun or pronoun as a greeting.
- greeting
- Particle denoting agreement, support or wish to terminate a conversation.
- Particle denoting dissatisfaction in ironical sentences.
- such; what
- (dialectal) can; should
- (Southwestern Mandarin, Xiang) how (to what degree)
- (rail transport) cleared
SynonymsEdit
Dialectal synonyms of 好 (“good”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 好, 良, 善 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 好, 良好, 美好 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 好, 強 |
| Taiwan | 好 | |
| Jinan | 好, 賽, 強 | |
| Xi'an | 好, 嫽 | |
| Wuhan | 好, 傲 | |
| Chengdu | 好 | |
| Yangzhou | 好 | |
| Hefei | 好, 㜺 | |
| Singapore | 好 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 好, 㜺 |
| Hong Kong | 好 | |
| Taishan | 好 | |
| Yangjiang | 好 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 好 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 好 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 好, 㜺 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 好 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 好 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 好 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 好 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 好 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 好 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 好 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 好 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 好 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 好 |
| Tainan | 好 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 好 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 好 | |
| Chaozhou | 好 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 好 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 好 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 好, 㜺, 靈, 嗲 |
| Suzhou | 好, 㜺 | |
| Wenzhou | 好 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 好 |
| Shuangfeng | 好 | |
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 多 | |
| Mandarin | Taiwan | 多 |
| Yantai (Muping) | 多 | |
| Jinan | 多, 多麼 | |
| Wanrong | 多 | |
| Xi'an | 多 | |
| Yinchuan | 多 | |
| Lanzhou | 多 | |
| Xining | 多 | |
| Ürümqi | 多 | |
| Wuhan | 幾, 幾樣, 好 | |
| Chengdu | 好 | |
| Guiyang | 好 | |
| Liuzhou | 幾 | |
| Xuzhou | 多 | |
| Yangzhou | 多 | |
| Nanjing | 多 | |
| Malaysia | 多 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 幾 |
| Hong Kong | 幾 | |
| Dongguan | 幾 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 幾 |
| Lichuan | 幾 | |
| Pingxiang | 幾 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 幾 |
| Yudu | 幾 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 幾 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 幾 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 幾 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 幾 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 幾 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 幾 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 多少 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 多來 |
| Xinzhou | 多麼, 多啦 | |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 幾多 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 若夥 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 偌 |
| Quanzhou | 偌 | |
| Zhangzhou | 偌 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 偌 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 偌 | |
| Jieyang | 若 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 若 | |
| Leizhou | 偌 | |
| Haikou | 偌 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 幾 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 多少, 幾化 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 多下 | |
| Suzhou | 幾化 | |
| Danyang | 多 | |
| Hangzhou | 多少 | |
| Wenzhou | 幾倈 | |
| Jinhua | 幾很 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 好 |
| Loudi | 好 | |
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 何等, 何其, 一何, 何哉, 何等也, 何則 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 多麼, 何等, 何其 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 多麼, 多 |
| Taiwan | 多麼, 多 | |
| Jinan | 多麼, 多 | |
| Xi'an | 多 | |
| Wuhan | 幾, 幾樣, 好 | |
| Chengdu | 好, 多 | |
| Guilin | 好 | |
| Yangzhou | 多 | |
| Hefei | 好 | |
| Malaysia | 多 | |
| Singapore | 多麼, 多 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 幾, 幾咁 |
| Hong Kong | 幾, 幾咁 | |
| Yangjiang | 幾 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 幾 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 幾 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 多麼, 多來 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 幾多 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 若夥, 若 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 偌, 偌爾仔 |
| Quanzhou | 偌 | |
| Zhangzhou | 偌, 偌爾仔, 偌仔爾 | |
| Taipei | 偌爾, 偌仔爾 | |
| Kaohsiung | 偌爾, 偌仔爾 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 偌 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 偌 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 偌 | |
| Chaozhou | 若 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 若 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 多少, 幾化 |
| Suzhou | 幾化 | |
| Wenzhou | 幾倈, 幾恁 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 幾, 幾多, 好 |
| Shuangfeng | 幾, 好 | |
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 好
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DescendantsEdit
Others:
- → Vietnamese: hẩu (“kind, good, delicious”)
Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
好
- to be fond of; to like
- 耶穌教訓衆人之時又話、提防個的讀書人呀、佢地好着長衫行遊、歡喜喺市上人地請佢安 [Cantonese, trad.]
- From: 1872, 《馬可傳福音書（廣東土白）》 (The Gospel of Mark: Cantonese Vernacular) 12:38
- je4 sou1 gaau3 fan3 zung3 jan4 zi1 si4 jau6 waa6, tai4 fong4 go3 dik1 duk6 syu1 jan4 aa3, keoi5 dei6 hou3 zoek3 coeng4 saam1 hang4 jau4, fun1 hei2 hai2 si5 soeng6 jan4 dei6 cing2 keoi5 on1 [Jyutping]
- And he said unto them in his doctrine, Beware of the scribes, which love to go in long clothing, and love salutations in the marketplaces
耶稣教训众人之时又话、提防个的读书人呀、佢地好着长衫行游、欢喜喺市上人地请佢安 [Cantonese, simp.]- 世人哪，耶和華已指示你何為善。他向你所要的是甚麼呢？只要你行公義，好憐憫，存謙卑的心，與你的神同行。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 彌迦書 (Micah) 6:8
- Shìrén na, Yēhéhuá yǐ zhǐshì nǐ hé wéi shàn. Tā xiàng nǐ suǒ yào de shì shénme ne? Zhǐyào nǐ xíng gōngyì, hào liánmǐn, cún qiānbēi de xīn, yǔ nǐ de shén tóngxíng. [Pinyin]
- He hath shewed thee, O man, what is good; and what doth the Lord require of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God?
世人哪，耶和华已指示你何为善。他向你所要的是什么呢？只要你行公义，好怜悯，存谦卑的心，与你的神同行。 [MSC, simp.]
- to have a tendency to; to be prone to; good to; easy to
- (dialectal Mandarin, Wu) can; to be able to
- a surname
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 好
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DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “好”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00883
- “Entry #2282”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
好
- fondness; what one likes
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
- Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
- Kun: すき (suki, 好き); すく (suku, 好く, Jōyō); このむ (konomu, 好む, Jōyō); このみ (konomi); よい (yoi, 好い); よし (yoshi); よしみ (yoshimi, 好); すめよい (sumeyoi); すめよし (sumeyoshi); よろし (yoroshi); よろしい (yoroshii)
CompoundsEdit
Proper nounEdit
- a male given name
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
好 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho)
- to like
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
好: Hán Việt readings: hiếu (
好: Nôm readings: hiếu[1][2][4], háu[1][3][4], háo[1][3], hảo[2][4], hẩu[1][3], hấu[3], hão[4], hếu[4]
- (only in compound) chữ Hán form of hiếu (“to like, to be fond of”).
- (only in compound) chữ Hán form of hảo (“good, well; kind”).
- (only in dưa hấu) chữ Hán form of hấu (“delicious”).