藝

TranslingualEdit

Traditional	藝
Shinjitai	芸
Simplified	艺

Han characterEdit

藝 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+15, 19 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 18 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿土戈戈 (TGII), four-corner 4473₁, composition ⿱蓺云)

Derived charactersEdit

𠑢, 囈, 𡤦, 𢺐, 𣡊, 襼, 讛

Related charactersEdit

芸 (Japanese shinjitai)
艺 (Simplified Chinese)

ChineseEdit

trad.		藝
simp.		艺
alternative forms		埶蓺㙯秇萟

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (埶) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
褹	ŋr'eːds, ŋeds
勢	*hŋjeds
藝	*ŋeds
囈	*ŋeds
埶	*ŋeds
蓺	*ŋeds
槸	*ŋeds
爇	*ŋʷjed
褻	*sŋed
暬	*sŋed
熱	*ŋjed
槷	*ŋeːd

Originally written as 埶 (OC *ŋeds). The 艸 (“grass; plant”) and 云 were added later.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngi
Min Dong (BUC): ngiê
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): gē / gōe

(Teochew, Peng'im): ghoi⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yì
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Yale: yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - Palladius: и (i)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngai⁶
  - Yale: ngaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngei⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngi
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲi⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiɛ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gē
  - Tâi-lô: gē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ge
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ɡe⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡe²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡe³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōe
  - Tâi-lô: guē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goe
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ɡue⁴¹/

Note: gōe - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ghoi⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gōi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɡoi¹¹/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 藝
Mandarin	Beijing	/i⁵¹/
	Harbin	/i⁵³/
	Tianjin	/i⁵³/
	Jinan	/i²¹/
	Qingdao	/i⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/i³¹²/
	Xi'an	/i⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ji²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/i¹³/
	Lanzhou	/i¹³/
	Ürümqi	/i²¹³/
	Wuhan	/i³⁵/
	Chengdu	/ȵi¹³/
	Guiyang	/ni²¹³/ 老 /i²¹³/ 新
	Kunming	/i²¹²/
	Nanjing	/i⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/zz̩⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/i⁴⁵/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/i⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵi²³/
	Suzhou	/ȵi³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ȵi¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ȵi²²/
Hui	Shexian	/ni²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/ȵi¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ȵi⁵⁵/ /ȵi¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ȵi⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/ȵi²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋi⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ŋɐi²²/
	Nanning	/ŋɐi²²/
	Hong Kong	/ŋɐi²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/ge²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ŋiɛ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ŋi⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/goi³¹/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ŋi³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ŋiᴇi^H/

Rime
Character	藝
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚祭切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋiᴇi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɛi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋjæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋiaj^H/
Li Rong	/ŋiɛi^H/
Wang Li	/ŋĭɛi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ɛi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngai⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋet-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋeds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	藝
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjiej^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋet-s/ (MC I!)
English	cultivation, art, skill
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	藝
Reading #	1/1
No.	15090
Phonetic component	埶
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	藝
Old Chinese	/*ŋeds/
Notes	蓺六藝分化字

DefinitionsEdit

藝

art
藝術／艺术 ― yìshù ― art
skill; talent
技藝／技艺 ― jìyì ― skill
craft
手藝／手艺 ― shǒuyì ― craftmanship, workmanship
^† limit; bound; norm
- 及桓子，驕泰奢侈，貪欲無藝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  及桓子，骄泰奢侈，贪欲无艺。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE
  Jí Huán Zǐ, jiāo tài shēchǐ, tān yù wú yì. [Pinyin]
  By the time of Lord Huan of Luan, [he was] excessively arrogant and extravagant; [his] greed and desires [knew] no limits.
^† to plant; to grow

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 藝

ReferencesEdit

“藝”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

JapaneseEdit

Shinjitai	芸
Kyūjitai	藝

KanjiEdit

藝

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 芸)

technique, art, craft, performance

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: げ (ge)
Kan-on: げい (gei)
Kun: (all rare) うえる (ueru), のり (nori), わざ (waza)

KoreanEdit

EtymologyEdit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

PronunciationEdit

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [je̞(ː)]
Phonetic hangul: [예(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.