邑

See also: 阝, 𢀳, and 巴

邑 U+9091, 邑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9091 ← 邐 [U+9090] CJK Unified Ideographs 邒 → [U+9092]

⾢ U+2FA2, ⾢ KANGXI RADICAL CITY ← ⾡ [U+2FA1] Kangxi Radicals ⾣ → [U+2FA3]

Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

• 阝 (when used as a right radical component)

Han character

邑 (Kangxi radical 163, 邑+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 口日山 (RAU) or 難口日山 (XRAU), four-corner 6071₇, composition ⿱口巴)

1. Kangxi radical #163, ⾢.
2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №229

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/邑
• 俋, 唈, 㛕, 悒, 挹, 浥, 𨹝, 𫼷, 𤙝, 𦛞, 𥒵, 𦀕, 𧋾, 𨁲, 𨦺, 𩗥, 䭂, 𦤡, 䱒(𱇰), 𪁗, 𩫩, 𧠅
• 𢻌, 𮖄, 𠅔, 䓃, 𤕕, 𰻧, 䇼, 𠉲, 𪁨, 裛, 扈, 𤶛, 𪪘

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1267, character 42
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39269
• Dae Jaweon: page 1767, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3753, character 1
• Unihan data for U+9091

Chinese

simp. and trad.		邑
alternative forms		阝 radical

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 邑
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (邑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
唈	*qɯːb, *qrɯb
浥	*qrɯːb, *qab, *qrɯb
裛	*qrab, *qab, *qrɯb
俋	*r'ɯb
挹	*qɯb
邑	*qrɯb
悒	*qrɯb

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 囗 (“enclosure; city wall”) + 卪 (“kneeling person”). The bottom part of the radical is unrelated to 巴 and the top component is most likely unrelated to the original version of 丁.

Etymology

Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Schuessler (2007) proposes two possible etymologies:

• From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *Ɂip (“shelter”), whence also 葺 (OC *ʔsib, *sʰib, *zib, “thatch”). Said root is apparently allofamic with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-y(i/u)p (“to sleep”), whence Burmese အိပ် (ip, “to sleep”) (STEDT).
• Related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-jim ~ k-jum (“house”), whence Burmese အိမ် (im), Tibetan ཁྱིམ (khyim).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jap¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): yip²

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yip

  (Hailu, HRS): rhib

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yib⁵

• Northern Min (KCR): ĭ
• Eastern Min (BUC): ék
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ih⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ip

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ib⁴ / ig⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷iq
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xi⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yì
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yì
    • Wade–Giles: i⁴
    • Yale: yì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
    • Palladius: и (i)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jap¹
    • Yale: yāp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jap⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: yeb¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐp̚⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: yip²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jip̚⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yip
    • Hakka Romanization System: ib^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yib⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /ip̚²/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yip
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)ib^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yib⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)ip̚²/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: rhib
    • Sinological IPA: /ʒip⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yib⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /ip̚¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ék
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɛiʔ²⁴/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ih⁶
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ih
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iʔ²¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ih⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iʔ²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ip
    • Tâi-lô: ip
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ib
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ip̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ip̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ip̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ip̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ip̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ib⁴ / ig⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ip / ik
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ip̚²/, /ik̚²/

Note: ig4 - Chenghai.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷iq
    • MiniDict: ih^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴iq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /iɪʔ⁵⁵/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: xi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi²⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'ip

Rime
Character	邑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	緝 (142)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於汲切
Baxter	'ip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔjip̚/
Li Rong	/ʔjəp̚/
Wang Li	/ĭĕp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jap1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*q(r)[ə]p/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qrɯb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	邑
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔip ›
Old Chinese	/*q(r)[ə]p/
English	city, town
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	邑
Reading #	1/1
No.	15021
Phonetic component	邑
Rime group	緝
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	邑
Old Chinese	/*qrɯb/

Definitions

邑

1. state; country; nation
2. capital; capital city
3. city; town
4. area; district
5. Short for 四邑 (Sìyì, “Siyi”). or 五邑 (Wǔyì, “Wuyi”) (present-day Jiangmen)
6. Original form of 悒 (yì, “to worry; anxious”).

Compounds

• 下邑
• 京邑 (jīngyì)
• 伊邑
• 伯邑考
• 四邑 (Sìyì)
• 城邑 (chéngyì)
• 大邑 (Dàyì)
• 大邑商 (Dàyìshāng)
• 天邑
• 家邑
• 巖邑 / 岩邑 (yányì)
• 左阜右邑
• 悁邑
• 新邑
• 於邑 / 于邑
• 湯沐邑 / 汤沐邑
• 皇邑
• 蒲邑三善
• 通都大邑
• 邑人 (yìrén)
• 邑侯
• 邑君
• 邑子
• 邑宰
• 邑庠
• 邑犬群吠
• 邑邑
• 邑里
• 郡邑
• 都邑 (dūyì)
• 鄹邑
• 采邑 (càiyì)
• 阿邑
• 雒邑 (Luòyì)
• 食邑 (shíyì)
• 馬邑 / 马邑 (Mǎyì)
• 鬱邑 / 郁邑

References

• “邑”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• William Campbell (1913) A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, page 267.
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “邑”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 282.

Japanese

Kanji

邑

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. capital; capital city
2. a type of administrative division

Readings

• Go-on: おう (ō)^{←おふ (ofu, historical)}
• Kan-on: おう (ō)^{←あふ (afu, historical)}、ゆう (yū)^{←いふ (ifu, historical)}
• Kun: くに (kuni, 邑)、むら (mura, 邑)、うれえる (ureeru, 邑える)、さと (sato, 邑)
• Nanori: すみ (sumi)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
邑
ゆう Jinmeiyō
kan'on

Noun

邑(ゆう) • (yū) ^{←いふ (ifu)?}

1. eup (an administrative division in Korea like a town)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
邑
おおざと Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

大(おお) (ō-, “big”) + 里(さと) (sato, “village”)

Noun

邑(おおざと) • (ōzato) ^{←おほざと (ofozato)?}

1. the "large village" radical, radical 163

Korean

Hanja

邑 (eumhun 고을 읍 (go'eul eup))

1. (geography) hanja form^? of 읍 (“Town or eup, an administrative division larger and more populous than a "리" (village) but smaller and less populous than a "군" (county) or "시" (city)”)

Vietnamese

Han character

邑: Hán Nôm readings: ấp, óp, ốp, phấp, ọp

1. chữ Hán form of ấp (“hamlet”).