騎
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Translingual edit
Han character edit
騎 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+8, 18 strokes, cangjie input 尸火大一口 (SFKMR), four-corner 74321, composition ⿰馬奇)
Descendants edit
Derived characters edit
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1440, character 36
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44817
- Dae Jaweon: page 1964, character 31
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4560, character 8
- Unihan data for U+9A0E
Chinese edit
trad. | 騎 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 骑 | |
alternative forms | 𮪍 |
Glyph origin edit
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
奇 | *kral, *ɡral |
畸 | *kral |
剞 | *kral, *kralʔ |
羇 | *kral |
掎 | *kral, *kralʔ, *kʰrals |
攲 | *kral, *kralʔ, *kʰral |
躸 | *kral |
踦 | *kralʔ, *kʰral |
寄 | *krals |
徛 | *krals, *ɡralʔ |
欹 | *kʰral, *qral |
崎 | *kʰral, *ɡɯl |
觭 | *kʰral, *kʰralʔ |
碕 | *kʰral, *kʰralʔ, *ɡral, *ɡɯl |
綺 | *kʰralʔ |
婍 | *kʰralʔ |
騎 | *ɡral, *ɡrals |
琦 | *ɡral |
鵸 | *ɡral |
錡 | *ɡral, *ɡralʔ, *ŋɡralʔ |
輢 | *ɡrals, *qralʔ, *qrals |
齮 | *ŋɡralʔ |
犄 | *qral |
猗 | *qral, *qralʔ |
椅 | *qral, *qralʔ |
旖 | *qral, *qralʔ |
陭 | *qral, *qrals |
檹 | *qral |
漪 | *qral |
倚 | *qralʔ, *qrals |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɡral, *ɡrals) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 奇 (OC *kral, *ɡral) – to ride horseback
Etymology edit
Wanderwort in the E/SE Asian Sprachbund. The STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gi (“to ride; to sit astride; to sit (horse)”), and comments that "many of the TB forms seem to be borrowings from Chinese 騎".
Outside Sino-Tibetan, cognates are also found in Hmong-Mien, Tai-Kadai and some Mon-Khmer languages. Benedict (1975) surmises that this is an ancient loan into Proto-Sino-Tibetan from Austro-Tai:
... but these [Tibeto-Burman] forms appear to involve old loans from AT [Austro-Tai] with typical loss of an original medial *w (Thai *khwi ~ *gwi).
while Peiros (1998), Sagart (2006), Schuessler (2007) (who suggests that 騎 (OC gai, “to ride”) is possibly endopassive "let oneself be carried (on the back of an animal)" of 荷 (OC gâiʔ, “to carry”)) and Pittayaporn (2014) think the directionality of borrowing is reversed. The following excerpt is taken from Sagart's review (2006) of Matisoff's book Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman (2003):
The collection of forms under Matisoff's high-vowelled *gyi 'ride' are from TB languages in contact with Chinese (Lolo-Burmese, Qiangic, Tujia): they are best regarded as late loans from Chinese. ... The idea that the Chinese vocabulary of agriculture, metallurgy, horse-riding etc. might contain numerous loans from an early SEA language is simply not to be taken seriously in view of modern Asian archaeology (Bellwood 1997), quite apart from the fact that it makes no linguistic sense (Sagart 1999 for metal names). Yet Matisoff's book is scattered with observations telling the reader that words like 'writing brush' and 'ride' just discussed may well be loans from Austro-Tai into ST (188; 504).
Below lists some cognates for "to ride" found in various languages in this Sprachbund.
- Lolo-Burmese: *gyi ~ dzyi: Burmese စီး (ci:), Nuosu ꋩ (zzy, “to ride; to bear (a rider)”), ꊪ (zy, “to cause to ride”)
- Southwestern Tai: *kʰwiːᴮ: Thai ขี่ (kìi), Lao ຂີ່ (khī), Zhuang gwih
- Hmong-Mien: *ɟej: White Hmong caij
- Mon-Khmer: West Bahnaric *ɟih, Khmer ជិះ (cih), Vietnamese cưỡi
Also compare Proto-Austronesian *sakay (“catch a ride, join a group, ride on something”).
Pronunciation 2 is a Late Old Chinese general purpose derivation from Pronunciation 1 (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1 edit
Definitions edit
騎
Synonyms edit
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 騎 | |
Mandarin | Taiwan | 騎 |
Wanrong | 騎 | |
Xi'an | 騎 | |
Liuzhou | 踩, 騎 | |
Yangzhou | 騎 | |
Malaysia | 騎 | |
Singapore | 騎 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 踩, 踹 |
Hong Kong | 踩, 踹 | |
Taishan | 踩 | |
Dongguan | 踩 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 騎, 踩 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 騎 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 騎 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 騎 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 騎 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 騎 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 騎 | |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 騎 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 騎 |
Quanzhou | 騎 | |
Zhangzhou | 騎 | |
Tainan | 騎 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 踏 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 踏 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 踏 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 踏 | |
Zhongshan Min | Sanxiang | 坐 |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 坐, 踩 |
Wu | Shanghai | 踏 |
Compounds edit
- 人善得人欺,馬善得人騎/人善得人欺,马善得人骑 (rén shàn dé rén qī, mǎ shàn dé rén qí)
- 倒騎/倒骑
- 勢如騎虎/势如骑虎
- 勢成騎虎/势成骑虎
- 帖騎/帖骑
- 握蛇騎虎/握蛇骑虎
- 旄騎/旄骑
- 王喬騎鶴/王乔骑鹤
- 輜騎/辎骑
- 騎上老虎/骑上老虎
- 騎乘/骑乘 (qíchéng)
- 騎兩頭馬/骑两头马
- 騎兵/骑兵 (qíbīng)
- 騎兵團/骑兵团
- 騎士/骑士
- 騎士教育/骑士教育
- 騎射/骑射 (qíshè)
- 騎師/骑师 (qíshī)
- 騎手/骑手 (qíshǒu)
- 騎樓/骑楼 (qílóu)
- 騎牆/骑墙 (qíqiáng)
- 騎牆之見/骑墙之见
- 騎牛覓牛/骑牛觅牛
- 騎箕尾/骑箕尾
- 騎縫/骑缝 (qífèng)
- 騎縫章/骑缝章
- 騎者善墮/骑者善堕
- 騎虎之勢/骑虎之势
- 騎虎難下/骑虎难下 (qíhǔnánxià)
- 騎術/骑术 (qíshù)
- 騎車/骑车 (qíchē)
- 騎鞍壓馬/骑鞍压马
- 騎馬/骑马 (qímǎ)
- 騎馬尋馬/骑马寻马
- 騎馬找馬/骑马找马
- 騎驢/骑驴
- 騎驢覓驢/骑驴觅驴
- 騎鶴揚州/骑鹤扬州
- 騎龍/骑龙 (Qílóng)
Pronunciation 2 edit
Definitions edit
騎
- horse or vehicle that one rides on
- mounted soldier
- (literary) Classifier for soldiers or warhorses.
- a surname
Compounds edit
Further reading edit
- “Entry #12782”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
Readings edit
Compounds edit
Etymology edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
騎 |
き Grade: S |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 騎 (MC gje|gjeH). Already used phonetically in Old Japanese to spell unvoiced ki, as in the place name 阿騎・安騎 (Aki, a former hunting ground in Nara).[1]
Attested as a counter in the early 1200s, and as a standalone noun in the late 1800s.[2]
Pronunciation edit
Affix edit
- riding on horseback
- a horseperson
Counter edit
- [early 1200s] horseperson
Noun edit
- riding on horseback
- [1877] (rare) a horseperson
References edit
Korean edit
Hanja edit
Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
騎: Hán Nôm readings: kị, kỵ, cưỡi, cỡi
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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