-age

See also: Appendix:Variations of "age"

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Italic *-ātos

Latin -ātus

Proto-Italic *-kos

Latin -cus

Latin -icus

Latin -āticus

Latin -āticum

Old French -agebor.

Middle English -age

English -age

From Middle English -age, from Old French -age, from Latin -āticum. Cognates include French -age, Italian -aggio, Portuguese -agem, Spanish -aje, Occitan -atge, Romanian -aj. Doublet of -atic.

Pronunciation

in earlier loans and when attached to any non-French roots

IPA^(key): /ɪd͡ʒ/, /əd͡ʒ/
(Indic) IPA^(key): /eːd͡ʒ/

in more recent loanwords from French such as massage, mirage, barrage, etc.

IPA^(key): /ɑːʒ/

Suffix

-age

Forming nouns with the sense of appurtenance or collection.
Synonyms: -ery, -ing

‎word + ‎-age → ‎wordage
Forming nouns indicating an action, process, or result.
‎block + ‎-age → ‎blockage

‎marry + ‎-age → ‎marriage

‎slip + ‎-age → ‎slippage

‎shrink + ‎-age → ‎shrinkage
Forming nouns of a relationship or state.
‎bond + ‎-age → ‎bondage

‎marry + ‎-age → ‎marriage

‎parent + ‎-age → ‎parentage

‎line + ‎-age → ‎lineage
Forming nouns indicating a place.
‎orphan + ‎-age → ‎orphanage

‎hermit + ‎-age → ‎hermitage
Forming nouns indicating a charge, fee, or toll.
‎post + ‎-age → ‎postage

‎broker + ‎-age → ‎brokerage

‎cork + ‎-age → ‎corkage
Forming nouns indicating a rate.
‎percent + ‎-age → ‎percentage

‎mile + ‎-age → ‎mileage
Forming nouns of a unit of measure.
‎volt + ‎-age → ‎voltage

‎foot + ‎-age → ‎footage

‎tonne + ‎-age → ‎tonnage

‎hour + ‎-age → ‎hourage

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -age

Translations

appurtenance or collection

French: -age (fr) m
Interlingua: -age
Portuguese: -agem (pt) f

action, process, result

Danish: -ing (da) c
German: -ung (de) f
Hungarian: -ás, -és
Middle English: -ing
Portuguese: -agem (pt) f, -ção (pt) f, -mento (pt) m

relationship or state

Portuguese: -agem (pt) f, -ção (pt) f

place

Portuguese: -ato m

charge, fee, or toll

Middle English: -age
Portuguese: -ágio m

rate

Portuguese: -agem (pt) f

Anagrams

G. E. A., EGA, Ega, GAE

Dutch

Etymology

From French -age.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈaː.ʒə/
Audio: (file)

Suffix

-age

Creates nouns from verbs and from other nouns. It denotes:
1. action
  ‎kijven (“to altercate, dispute, wrangle”) + ‎-age → ‎kijvage (“squabbling”)
  
  ‎lekken (“to leak”) + ‎-age → ‎lekkage (“leakage”)
2. collectivity
  ‎tuig (“rig”) + ‎-age → ‎tuigage (“rigging”)
3. result of an action
  ‎stellen + ‎-age → ‎stellage

Derived terms

Descendants

→ Indonesian: -ase

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French -age, from Old French -age, from Latin -āticum, greatly extended from words like rivage and voyage.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /aʒ/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɑʒ

Suffix

-age m (plural -ages)

Forming nouns with the sense of "action or result of Xing" or, more rarely, "action related to X".
Forming nouns with the sense of "state of being (a) X".
(rare) Forming collective nouns.

Usage notes

Although the historical suffix has had many applications (e.g. family relationships, locations), it is now restricted primarily to the sense of "action of Xing", and many terms now have little to no connection with the most common uses. This is especially notable of those descended from actual Latin words in -aticus such as fromage and voyage.

Descendants

→ Czech: -áž
→ Dutch: -age
- → Indonesian: -ase
→ German: -age
→ Romanian: -aj
→ Slovak: -áž

German

Alternative forms

-asche (obsolete or nonstandard)

Etymology

Borrowed from French -age m. Feminised by analogy with the majority of German words in -e, perhaps also with other suffixes of abstract nouns such as -heit and -ung.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈaːʒə/

Suffix

-age f (plural -agen)

Nominal suffix, rarely productive, mostly restricted to borrowings from French.

Derived terms

German terms suffixed with -age

Interlingua

Alternative forms

-agi-

Etymology

Borrowed from English -age, French -age, Italian -aggio, Portuguese -agem/Spanish -aje, all ultimately from Latin -āticum.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈaʒe/, /ˈadʒe/

Suffix

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-age

forms nouns from nouns, denoting a collection; -age
‎folio (“leaf”) + ‎-age → ‎foliage (“foliage”)

‎fructo (“fruit”) + ‎-age → ‎fructage (“fruitage”)

Usage notes

G in this suffix always represents a fricative (or affricate) sound rather than a plosive, i.e. /ˈaʒe/ (or /ˈadʒe/) rather than */ˈaɡe/.
It takes the form -agi- before o or a.

Derived terms

Category Interlingua terms suffixed with -age not found

References

Alexander Gode, Hugh E. Blair (1955) Interlingua: A Grammar of the International Language, →ISBN

Japanese

Romanization

-age

Rōmaji transcription of あげ

Middle English

Etymology

Borrowed from Old French -age, from Latin -āticum.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-ˈaːd͡ʒ(ə)/

Suffix

-age

Forms nouns indicating a right or relationship.
Forms nouns indicating a charge, toll, or fee.
(not productive) Used in nouns taken from Old French indicating actions, results, groups, etc.

Derived terms

Descendants

English: -age
Scots: -age

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French -age, from Latin -āticum.

Suffix

-age

forms nouns with the sense of "action or result of Xing" or, more rarely, "action related to X"
forms nouns with the sense of "state of being (a) X"

Derived terms

Middle French terms suffixed with -age

Descendants

French: -age
- → Czech: -áž
- → Dutch: -age
  - → Indonesian: -ase
- → German: -age
- → Romanian: -aj
- → Slovak: -áž
Norman: -age, -âge

Occitan

Suffix

-age

(Mistralian) Alternative form of -atge

Old French

Alternative forms

-aige
-aje (rare)

Etymology

From Latin -āticum.

Suffix

-age

forms nouns with the sense of 'action or result of'
forms nouns with the sense of 'state of being'

Derived terms

Descendants

Angevin: -ége, -éje
Bourguignon: -aige, -eige
Champenois: -age, -aige, -ège
Franc-Comtois: -aidge, -aige
Middle French: -age (see there for further descendants)
Gallo: -aige
Lorrain: -èdje, -ège, -êge
Picard: -åjhe
Poitevin-Saintongeais: -age, -ajhe
Walloon: -aedje
→ Medieval Latin: -āgium
→ Middle English: -age
- English: -age
- Scots: -age

Old Galician-Portuguese

Alternative forms

-agen (Old Portuguese)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Italic *-ātos

Latin -ātus

Proto-Italic *-kos

Latin -cus

Latin -icus

Latin -āticus

Latin -āticum

Old French -agebor.

Latin -āticum

Old Occitan -atgebor.

Old Galician-Portuguese -age

Borrowed from Old French -age and Old Occitan -atge. Doublet of -ádego.

Suffix

-age

Forms nouns, from verbs, indicating action, state or capacity

Derived terms

Category Old Galician-Portuguese terms suffixed with -age not found

Descendants

Fala: -aixhi, -aji
Galician: -axe
Portuguese: -agem

References

Xoán López Viñas (2015) “Sufixos” (chapter 2), in Dicionario de afixos e voces afixadas do galego medieval (Monografías da Revista Galega de Filoloxía; 8)‎^[1] (in Galician), A Coruña: UDC, →ISBN, page 92