bran

See also: Bran, braň, brân, and brån

English

Etymology

From Middle English bran, branne, bren, from Old French bren, bran (“bran, filth”), from Gaulish brennos (“rotten”), from Proto-Celtic *bragnos (“rotten, foul”) (compare Welsh braen (“stench”), Irish bréan (“rancid”), Walloon brin (“excrement”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- (compare Latin fragrāre (“to smell strongly”), Dutch brak (“hound”)).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈbɹæn/

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈbɹæn/
• Rhymes: -æn

Noun

bran (countable and uncountable, plural brans)

1. The broken coat of the seed of wheat, rye, or other cereal grain, separated from the flour or meal by sifting or bolting; the coarse, chaffy part of ground grain.
2. (ornithology) The European carrion crow.

Translations

outside layer of a grain

• Amharic: please add this translation if you can
• Arabic: نُخَالَة‎ f (nuḵāla)

  Moroccan Arabic: نخّالة‎ f (nəḵḵæla)

• Armenian: թեփ (hy) (tʿepʿ)
• Azerbaijani: kəpək
• Bulgarian: три́ци (bg) pl (tríci)
• Catalan: segó m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 麩皮 (zh), 麸皮 (zh) (fūpí), 麩 (zh), 麸 (zh) (fū)

• Crimean Tatar: kebek
• Czech: otruby f pl
• Dutch: zemel (nl) m
• Esperanto: brano
• Finnish: lese (fi)
• French: son (fr) m
• Galician: relón (gl) m, muíña f, bren m, semea f, carón (gl) m, farelo (gl) m
• Georgian: ქატო (kaṭo)
• German: Kleie (de) f
• Greek: πίτουρο (el) n (pítouro)

  Ancient Greek: πίτυρα n pl (pítura)

• Hebrew: please add this translation if you can
• Hungarian: korpa (hu)
• Irish: bran m
• Italian: crusca (it) f, semola f
• Japanese: 麸 (ja) (ふすま, fusuma) (wheat bran), 糠 (ja) (ぬか, nuka) (rice bran)

• Korean: 겨 (ko) (gyeo), 기울 (ko) (giul)
• Latin: acus (la) n, āplūda f, canicae f pl
• Luxembourgish: Krësch (lb) m
• Macedonian: три́ци pl (tríci)
• Maori: pāpapa
• Mongolian: хэвэг (mn) (heveg), хивэг (mn) (hiveg), шигшдэс (mn) (šigšdes)
• Polish: otręby (pl) f pl
• Portuguese: farelo (pt) m
• Romanian: tărâțe f pl
• Russian: о́труби (ru) f pl (ótrubi), вы́севки (ru) f pl (výsevki)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: мекиње pl

  Roman: mekinje (sh) pl

• Slovene: otrobi m pl
• Spanish: salvado (es) m, acemite (es) m (archaic), afrecho (es) m
• Tagalog: darak
• Tashelhit: ⵉⵍⴰⵎⵎⵏ m pl (ilæmmən)
• Telugu: తవుడు (te) (tavuḍu)
• Thai: รำ (th) (ram)
• Tigrinya: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: kepek (tr)
• Vietnamese: cám (vi)
• Walloon: laton (wa) m, latons (wa) m pl (more frequently), grus (wa) m pl
• Welsh: eisin pl

Anagrams

• NRAB, barn

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Breton

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *bran, from Proto-Celtic *branos, from Proto-Indo-European *werneh₂- (“crow”).

Compare Tocharian B wrauña, Lithuanian várna.

Noun

bran m (plural brini)

1. crow, raven

Inflection

  Mutation of bran  

Breton consonant mutation
	unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard
singular	bran	vran	unchanged	pran
plural	brini	vrini	unchanged	prini

See also

• frav

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Catalan

Etymology

From Old Occitan brand, from Vulgar Latin *brandus, from Frankish *brand.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈbɾan/

Noun

bran m (plural brans)

1. broadsword

Related terms

• brandar

Further reading

• “bran” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “bran” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “bran” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “bran” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

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Cornish

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *bran, from Proto-Celtic *branos, from Proto-Indo-European *werneh₂- (“crow”).

Compare Tocharian B wrauña, Lithuanian várna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bɹæːn]

Noun

bran m (plural brini or briny)

1. crow

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Irish

Etymology 1

From Old Irish bran, from Primitive Irish ᚁᚏᚐᚅᚐ (brana), from Proto-Celtic *branos, from Proto-Indo-European *werneh₂- (“crow”) (compare Tocharian B wrauña, Lithuanian várna).

Noun

bran m (genitive singular brain, nominative plural brain)

1. (literary) raven

   Synonym: fiach

Declension

Declension of bran

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative bran brain Vocative a bhrain a bhrana Genitive brain bran Dative bran brain

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an bran na brain Genitive an bhrain na mbran Dative leis an mbran don bhran leis na brain

Derived terms

• branán m (“raven; a principal piece in ancient board-game set; prince”)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

bran m (genitive singular brain, nominative plural brain)

1. bream (Abramis brama)

   Synonyms: bréan, deargán

Declension

Declension of bran

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative bran brain Vocative a bhrain a bhrana Genitive brain bran Dative bran brain

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an bran na brain Genitive an bhrain na mbran Dative leis an mbran don bhran leis na brain

Etymology 3

Noun

bran m (genitive singular bran)

1. Clipping of bran (mór) (“bran”).
2. Clipping of bran beag (“pollard”).

Declension

Declension of bran

Fourth declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun) Case Singular Nominative bran Vocative a bhran Genitive bran Dative bran

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Nominative an bran Genitive an bhran Dative leis an mbran don bhran

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
bran	bhran	mbran
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• "bran" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 bran (‘raven’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Entries containing “bran” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “bran” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

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Old French

Noun

bran m (oblique plural brans, nominative singular brans, nominative plural bran)

1. Alternative form of branc

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Old Irish

Etymology

From Primitive Irish ᚁᚏᚐᚅᚐ (brana), from Proto-Celtic *branos (“raven”), from Proto-Indo-European *werneh₂- (“crow”) (compare Tocharian B wrauña, Lithuanian várna).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bran/

Noun

bran m (genitive brain or broin, nominative plural brain or broin)

1. raven

   Synonyms: fiach, trogan

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	bran	branL	brainL
Vocative	brain	branL	branuH
Accusative	branN	branL	branuH
Genitive	brainL	bran	branN
Dative	branL	branaib	branaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: bran

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
bran	bran pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/	mbran
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 bran”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bornь. Cognate with Polish broń.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bráːn/

Noun

brȃn f

1. defense

Inflection

Feminine, i-stem, mobile accent
nom. sing.	brán
gen. sing.	braní
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	brán	braní	braní
accusative	brán	braní	braní
genitive	braní	braní	braní
dative	bráni	branéma	braném
locative	bráni	branéh	branéh
instrumental	branjó	branéma	branmí

Further reading

• “bran”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

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Welsh

Etymology

Borrowed from English bran.

Noun

bran m (plural {{{2}}})

1. bran (broken coat of the seed of wheat, rye, or other cereal grain), husks

Derived terms

• bran gwenith (“wheat-bran”)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
bran	fran	mran	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950-), “bran”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies