Wiktionary

gross

See also: Gross, gròss, groß, and Groß

English

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Etymology

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From Middle English gross (“whole, entire; flagrant, monstrous”), from Old French gros (“big, thick, large, stout”), from Late Latin grossus (“thick in diameter, coarse”), and Medieval Latin grossus (“great, big”), influenced by Old High German grōz (“big, thick, coarse”), from Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“large, great, thick, coarse grained, unrefined”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to rub, to stroke, to grind”).

Cognate with French grossier (“gross”). See also French dialectal grôt, groût (“large”) (Berry) and grô (“large”) (Burgundy), Catalan gros (“big”), Dutch groot (“big, large”), German groß (“large”), English great.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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gross (comparative grosser or more gross, superlative grossest or most gross)

  2. (of behaviour considered to be wrong) Highly or conspicuously offensive.
    Synonyms: serious, flagrant, shameful, appalling, egregious
    a gross mistake;  gross injustice;  gross negligence; a gross insult
  4. (of an amount) Excluding any deductions; including all associated amounts.
    Synonyms: whole, entire, overall, total, aggregate
    Antonym: net
    gross domestic product; gross income; gross weight
    • c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:
      What is the gross sum that I owe thee?
    • 1878, Thomas Hardy, The Return of the Native‎[2], Book 6, Chapter 1:
      For a man of his habits the house and the hundred and twenty pounds a year which he had inherited from his mother were enough to supply all worldly needs. Resources do not depend upon gross amounts, but upon the proportion of spendings to takings.
    • 1937, George Orwell, The Road to Wigan Pier‎[3], Penguin, published 1962, Part 1, Chapter 3, p. 37:
      […] please notice that even these wretched earnings are gross earnings. On top of this there are all kinds of stoppages which are deducted from the miner’s wages every week.
  6. (sciences, pathology) Seen without a microscope (usually for a tissue or an organ); at a large scale; not detailed.
    Synonym: macroscopic
    Antonym: microscopic
    gross anatomy
    • 1962, Rachel Carson, chapter 12, in Silent Spring‎[4], Boston: Houghton Mifflin, page 190:
      We are accustomed to look for the gross and immediate effect and to ignore all else. Unless this appears promptly and in such obvious form that it cannot be ignored, we deny the existence of hazard.
  8. (informal, Canada, US, Australia) Causing disgust.
    Synonyms: disgusting, gro, grody, grotesque, grotty, nasty, revolting, yucky
    I threw up all over the bed. It was totally gross.
    • 1978, Armistead Maupin, “Ties That Bind”, in Tales of the City‎[5], New York: Harper & Row, published 1989, page 293:
      Mary Ann spent her lunch hour at Hastings, picking out just the right tie for Norman. The hint might not be terribly subtle, she decided, but somebody had to do something about that gross, gravy-stained clip-on number.
    • 2002, Jeffrey Eugenides, Middlesex‎[6], New York: Picador, Book 3, p. 306:
      The next-door neighbor’s cat coughed up a hairball one day and the hair was not the cat’s. “That’s so gross!”
  10. Lacking refinement in behaviour or manner; offending a standard of morality.
    Synonyms: coarse, rude, vulgar, obscene, impure
    • c. 1626 or 1629–1633 (first performance), [John Ford], ’Tis Pitty Shee’s a Whore […], London: […] Nicholas Okes for Richard Collins, […], published 1633, →OCLC, Act I:
      Pog. Forsooth my Maister said that hee loved her almost as well as hee loved parmasent, and swore [...] that shee wanted such a Nose as his was, to be as pretty a young woeman, as was any in Parma. Do. Oh grose!
    • 1777, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for Scandal‎[7], act I, scene 1:
      Verjuice. She certainly has Talents.
      Lady Sneerwell. But her manner is gross.
    • 1874, A Select Collection of Old English Plays, Dodsley et al.:
      But man to know God is a difficulty, except by a mean he himself inure, which is to know God’s creatures that be: at first them that be of the grossest nature, and then [...] them that be more pure.
    • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
      All this was extraordinarily distasteful to Churchill. It was ugly, gross. Never before had he felt such repulsion when the vicar displayed his characteristic bluntness or coarseness of speech. In the present connexion—or rather as a transition from the subject that started their conversation—such talk had been distressingly out of place.
  11. (of a product) Lacking refinement; not of high quality.
    Synonyms: coarse, rough, unrefined
    Antonym: fine
  12. (of a substance) Dense, heavy.
  13. (of a person) Heavy in proportion to one's height; having a lot of excess flesh.
    Synonyms: great, large, bulky, fat, obese
    • 1925, W. Somerset Maugham, chapter 79, in The Painted Veil, London: Heinemann, published 1934:
      Kitty noticed that her sister’s pregnancy had blunted her features and in her black dress she looked gross and blousy.
    • 2013, Hilary Mantel, “Royal Bodies”, in London Review of Books, 35.IV:
      He collected a number of injuries that stopped him jousting, and then in middle age became stout, eventually gross.
  14. (now chiefly poetic) Difficult or impossible to see through.
    Synonyms: thick, heavy
  15. (archaic) Not sensitive in perception or feeling.
    Synonyms: dull, witless
    • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene vii:
      For he is groſſe and like the maſſie earth,
      That mooues not vpwards, nor by princely deeds
      Doth meane to ſoare aboue the highest ſort.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 13:15:
      For this people’s heart is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing, and their eyes they have closed; lest at any time they should see with their eyes and hear with their ears, and should understand with their heart, and should be converted, and I should heal them.
    • 1634 October 9 (first performance), [John Milton], edited by H[enry] Lawes, A Maske Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634: […] [Comus], London: […] [Augustine Matthews] for Hvmphrey Robinson, […], published 1637, →OCLC; reprinted as Comus: […] (Dodd, Mead & Company’s Facsimile Reprints of Rare Books; Literature Series; no. I), New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1903, →OCLC:
      A thousand liveried Angels lacky her [the chaste soul],
      Driving far off each thing of sin and guilt,
      And in cleer dream, and solemn vision
      Tell her of things that no gross ear can hear.
      read online
  16. (obsolete) Easy to perceive.
    Synonyms: obvious, clear

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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Noun

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gross (countable and uncountable, plural gross or grosses)

English numbers (edit)
144
    Germanic collective: gross
  1. Twelve dozen = 144.
  2. The total nominal earnings or amount, before taxes, expenses, exceptions or similar are deducted. That which remains after all deductions is called net.
  3. The bulk, the mass, the masses.

Translations

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Verb

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gross (third-person singular simple present grosses, present participle grossing, simple past and past participle grossed)

  1. (transitive) To earn money, not including expenses.
    The movie grossed three million on the first weekend.
    • 2014 January 21, Hermione Hoby, “Julia Roberts interview for August: Osage County – 'I might actually go to hell for this ...': Julia Roberts reveals why her violent, Oscar-nominated performance in August: Osage County made her feel 'like a terrible person' [print version: 'I might actually go to hell for this ...' (18 January 2014, p. R4)]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review)‎[11]:
      The film grossed $464 million worldwide, ensconcing her in the Hollywood A-list.

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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German

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Adjective

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gross (strong nominative masculine singular grosser, comparative grösser, superlative am grössten)

  1. Switzerland and Liechtenstein standard spelling of groß

Declension

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Positive forms of gross
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist gross sie ist gross es ist gross sie sind gross
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative grosser grosse grosses grosse
genitive grossen grosser grossen grosser
dative grossem grosser grossem grossen
accusative grossen grosse grosses grosse
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der grosse die grosse das grosse die grossen
genitive des grossen der grossen des grossen der grossen
dative dem grossen der grossen dem grossen den grossen
accusative den grossen die grosse das grosse die grossen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein grosser eine grosse ein grosses (keine) grossen
genitive eines grossen einer grossen eines grossen (keiner) grossen
dative einem grossen einer grossen einem grossen (keinen) grossen
accusative einen grossen eine grosse ein grosses (keine) grossen
Comparative forms of gross
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist grösser sie ist grösser es ist grösser sie sind grösser
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative grösserer grössere grösseres grössere
genitive grösseren grösserer grösseren grösserer
dative grösserem grösserer grösserem grösseren
accusative grösseren grössere grösseres grössere
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der grössere die grössere das grössere die grösseren
genitive des grösseren der grösseren des grösseren der grösseren
dative dem grösseren der grösseren dem grösseren den grösseren
accusative den grösseren die grössere das grössere die grösseren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein grösserer eine grössere ein grösseres (keine) grösseren
genitive eines grösseren einer grösseren eines grösseren (keiner) grösseren
dative einem grösseren einer grösseren einem grösseren (keinen) grösseren
accusative einen grösseren eine grössere ein grösseres (keine) grösseren
Superlative forms of gross
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist am grössten sie ist am grössten es ist am grössten sie sind am grössten
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative grösster grösste grösstes grösste
genitive grössten grösster grössten grösster
dative grösstem grösster grösstem grössten
accusative grössten grösste grösstes grösste
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der grösste die grösste das grösste die grössten
genitive des grössten der grössten des grössten der grössten
dative dem grössten der grössten dem grössten den grössten
accusative den grössten die grösste das grösste die grössten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein grösster eine grösste ein grösstes (keine) grössten
genitive eines grössten einer grössten eines grössten (keiner) grössten
dative einem grössten einer grössten einem grössten (keinen) grössten
accusative einen grössten eine grösste ein grösstes (keine) grössten

Lombard

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Etymology

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From Late Latin grossus.

Adjective

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gross

  1. big, fat, large, thick

Pennsylvania German

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Etymology

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From Middle High German grōz, from Old High German grōz, from Proto-West Germanic *graut, from Proto-Germanic *grautaz.

Compare German groß, Dutch groot, English great.

Adjective

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gross (comparative greesser, superlative greescht)

  1. big, large

Derived terms

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Swedish

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Etymology

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From French grosse (douzaine), "large (dozen)".

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gross n

  1. a gross, twelve dozen (144)

Declension

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Declension of gross
nominative genitive
singular indefinite gross gross
definite grosset grossets
plural indefinite gross gross
definite grossen grossens
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See also

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Anagrams

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