Franco-Provençal

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Pronoun

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j'

  1. Prevocalic clipping of je

French

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ʒ‿/
  • IPA(key): (before unvoiced consonant) /ʃ‿/
  • Audio:(file)

Pronoun

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j’

  1. clitic form of je
    J’ai sommeil.I’m sleepy.
    J’habite à Paris.I live in Paris.
    J’veux pas savoir.I don't wanna know. (informal, short for "Je ne veux pas savoir.")
    J’comprends.I understand. (informal, see usage notes for pronunciation

Usage notes

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  • Je in formal French only becomes j’ before a vowel or an unaspirated h, where this is mandatory in spelling.
  • In informal French, j’ may optionally be used before consonants, and devoices before unvoiced consonants, thus producing a ʃ sound, as in sheep.
    • Before voiced consonants:
      J'vais bien.Doing fine.
      J'descend tout de suite!Coming down!
    • whereas before unvoiced consonants:
      Chais pas. (j'sais pas)Dunno.
      Ch'peux pas. (j'peux pas)I can't.
  • Note that the ch’ spelling (and the j’ spelling before a vowel) is purely oral, it is not used in any type of written content except if one wishes to emphasize the language register spoken or the form is in itself a fixed expression.
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French personal pronouns
number person gender nominative
(subject)
accusative
(direct complement)
dative
(indirect complement)
locative
(at)
genitive
(of)
disjunctive
(tonic)1
emphatic
reflexive
relative proximal distal
singular first je, j’ me, m’ moi moi-même
second tu te, t’ toi toi-même
third masculine il2 le, l’ lui y en lui lui-même celui celui-ci celui-là
feminine elle la, l’ elle elle-même celle celle-ci celle-là
indeterminate on3, l’on (formal), ce4, c’, ça ce ceci cela, ça
reflexive se, s’5 soi soi-même
plural first nous nous nous nous-mêmes
second6 vous vous vous vous-mêmes,
vous-même6
third masculine ils7 les leur y en eux7 eux-mêmes7 ceux ceux-ci ceux-là
feminine elles elles elles-mêmes celles celles-ci celles-là

1 The disjunctive (tonic) forms are also used after an explicit preposition (de/d‘, à, pour, chez, dans, vers, sur, sous, ...), instead the accusative, dative, genitive, locative, or reflexive forms, where a preposition is implied.
2 Il is also used as an impersonal nominative-only pronoun.
3 On can also function as a first person plural (although agreeing with third person singular verb forms).
4 The nominal indeterminate form ce (demonstrative) can also be used with the auxiliary verb être as a plural, instead of the proximal or distal gendered forms.
5 The reflexive third person singular forms (se or s’) for accusative or dative are also used as third person plural reflexive.
6 Vous is also used as the polite singular form, in which case the plural disjunctive tonic vous-mêmes becomes singular vous-même.
7 Ils, eux and eux-mêmes are also used when a group has a mixture of masculine and feminine members.

Further reading

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Neapolitan

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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j’

  1. clitic form of jo, je, ie, io
    J’ t’amo
    I love you
    J’ te voglio bene assaje
    I want/love you very much
    J’aggio parlat' a tte
    I spoke to you