Wiktionary

s'

See also: Appendix:Variations of "s"

AlbanianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Short for së (“not”) (not to be confused with adjectival article së and conjunction se (“that (as), when”)). This is in turn from Proto-Albanian *tśe, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷíd (“that (relative)”)[1]

AdverbEdit

s'

  1. negates the meaning of the modified verb: not, don't
    Unë di. - Unë s'di.
    I know. - I don't know.
    Jam, s'jam. Je, s'je.
    I am, I'm not. You are, you aren't.
    Synonym: nuk

Related termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Albanische Etymologien (Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz), Bardhyl Demiraj, Leiden Studies in Indo-European 7; Amsterdam - Atlanta 1997. p. 276.

AsturianEdit

PronounEdit

s'

  1. Apocopic form of se before a vowel

CatalanEdit

PronounEdit

s’

  1. Contraction of es.

Usage notesEdit

  • s' is the elided (elida) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with a vowel.

DeclensionEdit

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
singular proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
1st person jo, mi3 em, m’ -me, ’m em, m’ -me, ’m meu
1st person majestic1 nós ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person tu et, t’ -te, ’t et, t’ -te, ’t teu
2nd person formal1 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person very formal2 vostè el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person masculine ell el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person feminine ella la, l’4 -la li -li seu
3rd person neuter ho -ho li -li seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
plural
1st person nosaltres ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person formal2 vostès els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person masculine ells els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person feminine elles les -les els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive en, n’ -ne, ’n
locative hi -hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural.
2) Behaves grammatically as third person. 		3) Only as object of a preposition.
4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

FrenchEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /s‿/
  • Audio(file)

ConjunctionEdit

s’

  1. Elision of si (“if”) before il or ils.
    S’il vous plaît ― Please / Here you are.
    S’il te plaît. ― Please / Here you are.
    Je ne sais pas s’ils viendront demain.
    I don’t know if they will come tomorrow.

PronounEdit

s’ (third person)

  1. Elision of se before a word beginning with a vowel.
    Il s’habille. ― He’s dressing (himself).
    Il s’aime. ― He loves himself.
    Ils s’aiment.
    They love themselves. / They love each other.
  2. (informal) Elision of se before a word beginning with a consonant.
    Y s’bouge le cul ou quoi? ― Is he movin’ his ass or what?

Further readingEdit

ItalianEdit

PronounEdit

s' (apocopated)

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of si

Usage notesEdit

  • Commonly elides before a vowel, especially i and e.

See alsoEdit

Italian personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Reflexive Accusative Dative Conjunctive Disjunctive Locative Partitive
Singular first — io mi, m', -mi me me —
second — tu ti, t', -ti te te
third m lui si2, s', -si lo, l', -lo gli, -gli glie, se2 lui, sé ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n'
f lei, Lei1 la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 lei, Lei1, sé
Plural first — noi ci, c', -ci ce noi —
second — voi, Voi4 vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 ve voi, Voi4
third m loro, Loro1 si, s', -si li, Li1, -li, -Li1 gli, -gli, loro (formal),
Loro1		 glie, se loro, Loro1, sé ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n'
f le, Le1, -le, -Le1
1 Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
2 Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
3 Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language.
4 Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous).

ManxEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • s- (used before a vowel)
  • sh- (used before front vowels)

EtymologyEdit

From Old Irish is.

ParticleEdit

s'

  1. Present/future copula form
    S'mie lhiam shillishyn.
    I am fond of cherries.
    Shegin dooin goll dy chaggey.
    We have to go to war.
    my saillt ― please (said to one person)
  2. Used to introduce the comparative/superlative form of adjectives
    V'ee yn inneen s'bwaaee 'sy theihll.
    She was the prettiest girl in the world.
    fer s'gilley jeh mooinjey y vadran ― the brightest of the sons of the morning

Usage notesEdit

Only used with adjectives. When nouns are equated with each other, use she.

NeapolitanEdit

PronounEdit

s’

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of se

NormanEdit

EtymologyEdit

Old French se < Latin sē.

PronounEdit

s'

  1. third-person singular reflexive pronoun; oneself
    s'rêjoui ― to enjoy oneself

Old FrenchEdit

PronounEdit

s'

  1. his; her; its (elided form of son or sa before a word starting with a vowel)
    s'oreille ― his ear

RomagnolEdit

ConjunctionEdit

s'

  1. Apocopic form of se (“if”)
    • 1920, Olindo Guerrini, Zanichelli, editor, Sonetti romagnoli, published 1967:
      S'aví pazenzia d' lezer ste librett E ch'a sbrucheva i virs in rumagnol A i truvarí zinquanta e piò sunett Ch'av gudrí ch'a farí dal scapariol.
      If [you] are patient to read this book and you (can) understand the poetry in Romagnol you will find more than fifty sonnets that will entertain you more than tumbling.

SassareseEdit

PronounEdit

s'

  1. Apocopic form of si, used before a vowel
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