l'
AsturianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Contraction of the masculine article el.
ArticleEdit
l’ m
- (definite) the
Usage notesEdit
- The masculine singular article el contracts to l' before a word beginning with a vowel or h: l’asturianu (the Asturian), l’hermanu (the brother)
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Contraction of the feminine article la.
ArticleEdit
l’ f
- (definite) the
Usage notesEdit
- The feminine singular article la contracts to l' before a word beginning with a or ha: l’asturiana (the Asturian), l’habitación (the habitation)
Related termsEdit
CatalanEdit
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
l' m or f
Usage notesEdit
- el is contracted to l' before a vowel or h-.
- l'avi ― the grandfather
- la is contracted to l' before a vowel or h-, except before a following unstressed (h)i- or (h)u-.
- l'àvia ― the grandmother
- l'hora ― the hour
- l'única filla (stressed ⟨u⟩) ― the only daughter
- la ullada (unstressed ⟨u⟩) ― the glance
PronounEdit
l'
Usage notesEdit
- l' is the elided (elida) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with a vowel. The exceptions regarding the contraction of la mentioned above apply as well.
- L'envejo. ― I envy him/her.
- La interessa. (unstressed ⟨i⟩) ― It interests her.
DeclensionEdit
CorsicanEdit
ArticleEdit
l'
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of u, lu: the
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of a, la: the
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of i, li: the
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of e, le: the
PronounEdit
l'
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of u, lu: him
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of a, la: her
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of i, li: them
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of e, le: them
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
EsperantoEdit
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
l' (definite)
Usage notesEdit
It is used mainly in poetry and lyrics as a tool for enforcing a specific meter or rhythm, although it may at times be used in prose for a poetic stylistic effect.
A space is used after l' (e.g. "de l' mondo", not "de l'mondo"). It is most common after prepositions ending in a vowel, de l' (“of the”) being most common by far.
When possible it is pronounced at the end of the proceeding syllable rather than at the start of the following syllable (e.g. de l' animo (“of the soul”) is pronounced /del aˈni.mo/ rather than /de laˈni.mo/).
Frequent or consistent use of l' can be found as a feature of the ideolects of some people, but this is considered non-standard, and is discouraged by the majority of fluent speakers.
Derived termsEdit
FrenchEdit
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
l’ m or f (singular, definite)
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of le, la: the
- (Quebec, colloquial, after a vowel) Apocopic form of le: the
- 2002, Jean-François Pauzé (lyrics and music), “La Manifestation”, in Break Syndical:
- À la manifestation, / on rêvait d'révolution / se gelant l'cul avec une poignée de comparses / sous la pluie froide du mois d'mars
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
PronounEdit
l’ m or f (third-person singular)
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of le, la: him, her, it
- (Quebec, colloquial, after a vowel) Apocopic form of le: him, it
- 2002, Jean-François Pauzé, Marie-Annick Lépine (lyrics and music), “Toune d'automne”, in Break Syndical:
- Icitte y'a papa qui se r'met / fe sa p'tite opération / t'aurais du l'voir, y fakait / fallait l'traiter aux p'tits oignons
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
Related termsEdit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Locative (at) |
Genitive (of) |
Disjunctive (tonic) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | — | — | moi | |
Second | — | tu | te, t’ | — | — | toi | ||
Third | Masculine | il | le, l’ | lui | y | en | lui | |
Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | |||||
Indeterminate | on1 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Reflexive | — | se, s’4 | — | — | soi4 | |||
Plural | First | — | nous | nous | — | — | nous | |
Second | — | vous2 | vous2,3 | — | — | vous2 | ||
Third | Masculine | ils3 | les | leur | y | en | eux3 | |
Feminine | elles | elles |
- 1 Also used as the first person plural.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
- 3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
- 4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
Further readingEdit
- “l'”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
FriulianEdit
Friulian Definite Articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | il l' |
i |
feminine | la l' |
lis |
ArticleEdit
l’ m or f (definite)
Haitian CreoleEdit
EtymologyEdit
Contration of li, from French lui.
PronounEdit
l'
IdoEdit
ArticleEdit
l'
ItalianEdit
Italian Definite Articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | il lo/l' |
i gli |
feminine | la/l' | le |
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
l' m or f (apocopated) (definite)
PronounEdit
l' m or f (apocopated)
Usage notesEdit
- Optionally elides before a vowel, especially before ho and ha: l'ho, l'ha. Elision before other verbs beginning with a stressed vowel is less common: lo era instead of l'era, lo è instead of l'è.
See alsoEdit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Conjunctive | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
LadinEdit
ArticleEdit
l' f (singular)
See alsoEdit
LeoneseEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Contraction of the masculine article el.
ArticleEdit
l' m sg
Usage notesEdit
- The masculine singular article el contracts to l' before a word beginning with a vowel or h.
Etymology 2Edit
Contraction of the feminine article la.
ArticleEdit
l' f sg
Usage notesEdit
- The feminine singular article la contracts to l' before a word beginning with a or ha.
LigurianEdit
ArticleEdit
l' m sg (definite)
- (before a vowel) the (+ a masculine name in the singular)
Middle FrenchEdit
ArticleEdit
l'
Usage notesEdit
- Earlier manuscripts omit the apostrophe
- lame ― the soul
NeapolitanEdit
EtymologyEdit
ParticleEdit
l' m and f (singular and plural definite)
Old FrenchEdit
ArticleEdit
l'
Usage notesEdit
- Original manuscripts omit the apostrophe
- lame ― the soul
SassareseEdit
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
l'
Sassarese definite articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | lu/l' | li/l' |
feminine | la/l' |
PronounEdit
l'
Usage notesEdit
- Used before a vowel sound.