po-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "po"

Czech

Prefix

po-

1. Perfective aspect, as in požádat ("to ask")

1. (as an imperfective verb) (often used with se or si) intensification: added to mean to do X during a certain time period (rather calmly, enjoying it)

   ‎po- + ‎přemítat (“reflect on sth”) → ‎popřemítat si (“reflect for some time”)

1. after-, as in pozdě late, from po
2. unto-, at-, along-, as in place names

   • Pobaltí — the Baltics, Baltic states
   • Podněstří — Transnistria, Pridnestrovie
   • Podunají — Danube River Basin, Danube Region
   • Říšská župa Horní Podunají — Reichsgau Oberdonau
   • pohraničí — borderland, frontier
   • Polabí — Elbe River Basin
   • Polabští Slované — Polabian Slavs
   • Pomoraví — Morava River Basin
   • povodí Moravy — Morava River Basin
   • Pomořansko — Pomerania
   • Porúří — Ruhr district
   • Povartí — Wartheland
   • Povolží — Volga Region

Further reading

• po- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Esperanto

Prefix

po-

1. A prefix having a similar distributive meaning as the preposition po

   vendi pogrande — sell wholesale

   la ponumera prezo — the price per issue

   poiom — bit by bit

Antonyms

• -ope

Derived terms

• poa
• pogrande
• popece

Related terms

• po

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *po, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó, zero-grade of *h₂epo (whence ab).

Prefix

po-

1. off, away

Derived terms

• pōno
• pōrceō

References

• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• Julius Pokorny (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, in 3 vols, Bern, München: Francke Verlag

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *po.

Prefix

po-

1. perfectivizing prefix

   ‎po- + ‎karmić → ‎pokarmić

Derived terms

Old Polish terms prefixed with po-

Descendants

• Polish: po-

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish po-, from Proto-Slavic *po.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɔ/

Prefix

po-

1. Prepended to imperfective verbs to form iterative perfectives

   ‎po- + ‎narzekać → ‎ponarzekać

   ‎po- + ‎nalepiać → ‎ponalepiać

2. Prepended to imperfective verbs to create semelfactive perfectives

   ‎po- + ‎grzebać → ‎pogrzebać

3. after-

   ‎po- + ‎świat → ‎poświata

4. unto-, at-, along-, as in place names

   ‎po- + ‎morze → ‎Pomorze

   ‎po- + ‎dół → ‎Podole

   ‎po- + ‎granica → ‎pogranicze

   ‎po- + ‎jezioro → ‎pojezierze

Derived terms

Polish terms prefixed with po-

Further reading

• po- in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• po- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *po-, from *po, whence also comes the Serbo-Croatian preposition po.

Prefix

po- (Cyrillic spelling по-)

1. marks the perfective aspect
2. after, on, a-

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *po-. Prefixed form of the preposition po.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɔ-/

Prefix

po-

1. Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
   1. (no change in meaning)

      ‎po- + ‎jẹ́sti (“to eat”) → ‎pojẹ́sti (“to eat”)

   2. for a while

      ‎po- + ‎spáti (“to sleep”) → ‎pospáti (“to sleep for a while”)

   3. one after another

      ‎po- + ‎gubīti (“to lose”) → ‎pogubīti (“to lose one after another”)

Derived terms

Slovene terms prefixed with po-