rḏj

See also: RDJ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /(ɾV)ˈcʼiːjit/ → /(ɾV)ˈtʼiːjiʔ/ → /(ɾə)ˈtʼiːʔə/ → /ˈtʼiːʔ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /(ɾV)ˈcʼiːjit/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /(ɾV)ˈtʼiːjiʔ/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /(ɾə)ˈtʼiːʔə/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈtʼiːʔ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /rɛd͡ʒi/
  • Conventional anglicization: redji

Verb

 anom.

1. (transitive) to give, to provide with
2. (transitive) to serve as a source of (water, dew, etc.), to provide (something) passively
3. (transitive) to extend (one’s hand or arm), to give (one’s hand) (+ n or r: to)
4. (transitive) to send forth, to emit
   1. (transitive) to give forth (blood, air, one’s voice, etc.), to exude, to run with, to emit
   2. (transitive) to throw or thrust (a weapon)
   3. (transitive) to send (a letter)
   4. (transitive) to issue, to promulgate (laws, decrees, prescriptions, commands)
5. (transitive) to put, to set, to place (+ r: in, on, at (a place); + ḥr: upon; + m: in)
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 39–41:

     ꜥḥꜥ.n.j rḏj.kw r jw jn wꜣw n(j) wꜣḏ-wr

     Then I was put on an island by a wave of the sea.

6. (transitive) to appoint (+ m or + r: as; + r or ḥr: to do (something))
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 177–179:

     ꜥḥꜥ.n(.j) rdj.kw r šmsw sꜣḥ.kw m štj tpw

     Then I was appointed as a retainer and endowed with two hundred servants (literally, “heads”).

7. (transitive) to set down in writing (+ m or r: in (a document))
8. (transitive) to set (fire) (+ m or r: to)
9. (reflexive) to set oneself or lay oneself in some position, particularly prostrate on the ground
10. (transitive) to turn (one’s face, back, etc.) (+ n or r: to, toward)
11. (reflexive, often of the sun or gods) to reveal oneself
12. (catenative, with a verb in the subjunctive) to cause, make, let, allow
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.3–2.4:

      rdj.jn ṯꜣt(j) njs.t(w) nꜣy.f n(j) ẖrdw m ḫt ꜥrq.f sḫr r(m)ṯw bj(ꜣ)t.sn m jjt ḥr.f

      So the vizier let his children be summoned after he understood the conduct of people, their character being what had come upon him.

Inflection

Conjugation of rḏj (anomalous / anom.) — base stem: rḏj, ḏj, geminated stem: ḏḏ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
rḏjt, ḏjt	rḏj	—	jmj, ḏj	jmj, ḏj, ḏy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
rḏj6, ḏj6	ḥr rḏjt, ḥr ḏjt	m rḏjt, m ḏjt	r rḏjt, r ḏjt

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	rḏj.n, ḏj.n	rḏj, rḏjw, rḏy, ḏj, ḏjw, ḏy	consecutive	rḏj.jn, ḏj.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	—
perfective3	rḏj	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	rḏj.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ḏj	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	rḏj, rḏjw	rḏj, rḏjw	potentialis1	rḏj.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ḏj	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	rḏj.n, ḏj.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	rḏj, ḏj	active + .tj1, .tw2	rḏj, ḏj	rḏy, rḏj, ḏy, ḏj
imperfective	ḏḏ, ḏḏw, ḏḏy	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḏḏ	ḏḏ, ḏḏw5
prospective	—	—	rḏjtj4, rḏjt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Third-person masculine statives of this verb often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

In Late Egyptian the masculine third-person singular of the stative is commonly written .

Alternative forms

By Middle Egyptian times, this verb had most likely become rdj, although sometimes written identically to its older form. By Late Egyptian it was likely dj.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of rḏj  

rḏj	rdj	rdj	rdj	rtj
[chiefly Old Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[Late Period]	[Late Period]

Derived terms

• pꜣ-dj-bꜣstt
• m-jr-djt
• m-dyt
• rḏj jwt
• rḏj jn.tw
• rḏj wꜣt n
• rḏj mꜣꜥ r
• rḏj m ḥr
• ḥtp ḏj
• ḥtp ḏj nswt
• ḏj ꜥnḫ
• ḏj ꜥnḫ ḏd wꜣs
• ḏḏw-ms
• ḏḏt-jmn

 

Descendants

• Demotic: ty
  • Coptic: ϯ (ti)

References

• “rḏi̯ (lemma ID 851711)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 464.1–468.15
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 154–156
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 159, 357.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, pages 93–94
• Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 82