sonar

See also: Sonar, SONAR, sónar, and soñar

English

Etymology

From SONAR, acronym of sound navigation and ranging. Coined by American scientist Frederick Vinton Hunt in the 1940s.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsoʊ.nɑːɹ/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Noun

sonar (countable and uncountable, plural sonars)

1. (nautical) echolocation
2. (nautical) A device that uses hydrophones (in the same manner as radar) to locate objects underwater.

Synonyms

• SONAR (acronym of sound navigation and ranging)

Derived terms

• Doppler sonar

Descendants

• → Catalan: sonar
• → Dutch: sonar
• → French: sonar
  • → Romanian: sonar
  • → Turkish: sonar
• → German: Sonar
• → Italian: sonar
• → Polish: sonar
• → Portuguese: sonar
• → Serbo-Croatian: sonar
• → Spanish: sonar

Translations

device

• Arabic: سُونار m (sūnār)
• Armenian: սոնար (sonar), ջրատեղորոշիչ (ǰrateġorošičʻ)
• Catalan: sonar (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 聲納／声纳 (zh) (shēngnà)

• Esperanto: sonaro
• Finnish: kaikuluotain, ääniluotain, kaikuluotaus (fi)
• French: sonar (fr) m
• German: Sonar n
• Greek: ηχοβολιστικό (el) (ichovolistikó), σόναρ (el) (sónar)
• Icelandic: ómsjá f, sónar m
• Indonesian: sonar (id), pemair suara
• Italian: idrofono m, sonar (it) m
• Japanese: 音波水中探知機 (onpa suichū tanchi-ki), ソナー (ja)
• Korean: 음파 탐지기 (eumpa tamjigi)
• Polish: asdic m, azdyk m, sonar (pl) m
• Portuguese: sonar (pt) m
• Romanian: sonar (ro) n
• Russian: гидролока́тор (ru) m (gidrolokátor), сона́р (ru) m (sonár)
• Spanish: sónar m
• Tagalog: sonar
• Thai: โซนาร์ (soo-nâa)
• Turkish: sonar (tr)

See also

• radar
• lidar
• sodar

Further reading

• sonar on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Arons, saron, orans, sorna, Sanor, Rasŏn, roans, arson, Naros, Rason

Catalan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Catalan sonar, from Latin sonāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [suˈna]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [soˈna]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [soˈnaɾ]

Verb

sonar (first-person singular present sono, first-person singular preterite soní, past participle sonat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /ɔ/

1. (intransitive) to sound, to make a sound
2. (intransitive) to ring, to buzz
3. (figurative, intransitive) to ring a bell

   Em sona la seva cara. ― His face looks familiar.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of sonar (first conjugation)

infinitive			sonar
gerund			sonant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		sonat		sonada
		plural		sonats		sonades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	sono	sones	sona	sonem	soneu	sonen
	imperfect	sonava	sonaves	sonava	sonàvem	sonàveu	sonaven
	future	sonaré	sonaràs	sonarà	sonarem	sonareu	sonaran
	preterite	soní	sonares	sonà	sonàrem	sonàreu	sonaren
	conditional	sonaria	sonaries	sonaria	sonaríem	sonaríeu	sonarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	soni	sonis	soni	sonem	soneu	sonin
	imperfect	sonés	sonessis	sonés	sonéssim	sonéssiu	sonessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	sona	soni	sonem	soneu	sonin
	negative (no)	—	no sonis	no soni	no sonem	no soneu	no sonin

Related terms

• resonar
• so

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English sonar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [suˈnar]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Valencia) [soˈnar]

Noun

sonar m (uncountable)

1. sonar

References

• “sonar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “sonar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “sonar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “sonar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English sonar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsoː.nɑr/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: so‧nar
• Rhymes: -oːnɑr

Noun

sonar m (plural sonars)

1. sonar

Derived terms

• grondsonar
• sonarapparaat
• sonarapparatuur
• sonarhut
• sonarsignaal
• sonarsysteem
• sonarvis

French

Etymology

Borrowed from English sonar.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

sonar m (plural sonars)

1. sonar

Descendants

• → Romanian: sonar
• → Turkish: sonar

Further reading

• “sonar”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Icelandic

Noun

sonar

1. indefinite genitive singular of sonur

Ido

Etymology

From Esperanto soni (“to sound”), French sonner, Italian suonare, Spanish sonar, ultimately from Latin sonō (“to make a noise”).

Verb

sonar (present tense sonas, past tense sonis, future tense sonos, imperative sonez, conditional sonus)

1. to ring

Conjugation

    Conjugation of sonar

		present		past		future
infinitive		sonar		sonir		sonor
tense		sonas		sonis		sonos
conditional		sonus
imperative		sonez
adjective active participle		sonanta		soninta		sononta
adverbial active participle		sonante		soninte		sononte
nominal active participle	singular	sonanto		soninto		sononto
	plural	sonanti		soninti		sononti
adjective passive participle		sonata		sonita		sonota
adverbial passive participle		sonate		sonite		sonote
nominal passive participle	singular	sonato		sonito		sonoto
	plural	sonati		soniti		sonoti

Occitan

Pronunciation

• Audio (Béarn):

  (file)

Verb

sonar

1. to call (to name or refer to)

   Synonyms: cridar, apelar

Conjugation

    Lengadocian (Central Occitan)

		simple			compound
infinitive		sonar			aver sonat
gerund		sonant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		sonat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	soni	sonas	sona	sonam	sonatz	sonan
	imperfect	sonavi	sonavas	sonava	sonàvem	sonàvetz	sonavan
	preterite	sonèri	sonères	sonèt	sonèrem	sonèretz	sonèron
	future	sonarai	sonaràs	sonarà	sonarem	sonaretz	sonaràn
	conditional	sonariái	sonariás	sonariá	sonariam	sonariatz	sonarián
	conditional 2nd form1	sonèra	sonèras	sonèra	soneram	soneratz	sonèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	sone	sones	sone	sonem	sonetz	sonen
	imperfect	sonèssi	sonèsses	sonèsse	sonèssem	sonèssetz	sonèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			sona		sonem	sonatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Auvernhàs

		simple			compound
infinitive		sonar			aver sonat
gerund		sonant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		sonat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	sone	sones	sona	sonam	sonatz	sonon
	imperfect	sonave	sonaves	sonava	sonaviam	sonaviatz	sonavon
	preterite	sonere	soneres	sonet	sonem	sonetz	soneron
	future	sonarai	sonaràs	sonará	sonarem	sonaretz	sonarán
	conditional	sonariá	sonariás	sonariá	sonariam	sonariatz	sonarián
	conditional 2nd form1	sonèra	sonèras	sonèra	soneram	soneratz	sonèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	sone	sones	sone	sonassiam	sonassiatz	sonon
	imperfect	sonesse	sonesses	sonesse	sonessiam	sonessiatz	sonesson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			sona		sonassiam	sonatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Gascon

		simple			compound
infinitive		sonar			aver sonat
gerund		sonant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		sonat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	soni	sonas	sona	sonam	sonatz	sonan
	imperfect	sonavi	sonavas	sonava	sonàvam	sonàvatz	sonavan
	preterite	sonèi	sonès	sonè	sonèm	sonètz	sonèn
	future	sonarèi	sonaràs	sonarà	sonaram	sonaratz	sonaràn
	conditional	sonarí	sonarés	sonaré	sonarem	sonaretz	sonarén
	conditional 2nd form1	sonèra	sonèras	sonèra	soneram	soneratz	sonèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	soni	sones	sone	sonem	sonetz	sonen
	imperfect	sonèssi	sonèsses	sonèsse	sonèssem	sonèssetz	sonèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			sona		sonem	sonatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Lemosin

		simple			compound
infinitive		sonar			aver sonat
gerund		sonant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		sonat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	sone	sonas	sona	sonam	sonatz	sonan
	imperfect	sonava	sonavas	sonava	sonàvam	sonàvatz	sonavan
	preterite	sonei	soneras	sonet	sonèram	sonèratz	soneran
	future	sonarai	sonaràs	sonará	sonarem	sonaretz	sonarán
	conditional	sonariá	sonariàs	sonariá	sonariam	sonariatz	sonarián
	conditional 2nd form1	sonèra	sonèras	sonèra	soneram	soneratz	sonèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	sone	sones	sone	sonem	sonetz	sonen
	imperfect	sonèsse	sonèsses	sonèsse	sonèssem	sonèssetz	sonèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			sona		sonem	sonatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Provençau

		simple			compound
infinitive		sonar			aver sonat
gerund		sonant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		sonat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	sone	sones	sona	sonam	sonatz	sonan
	imperfect	sonavi	sonavas	sonava	sonàvem	sonàvetz	sonavan
	preterite	sonère	sonères	sonèt	soneriam	soneriatz	sonèron
	future	sonarai	sonaràs	sonarà	sonarem	sonaretz	sonaràn
	conditional	sonariáu	sonariás	sonariá	sonariam	sonariatz	sonarián
	conditional 2nd form1	sonèra	sonèras	sonèra	soneram	soneratz	sonèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	sone	sones	sone	sonem	sonetz	sonan
	imperfect	sonèsse	sonèsses	sonèsse	sonessiam	sonessiatz	sonèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			sona		sonem	sonatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Old Norse

Noun

sonar

1. genitive singular of sonr

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from English sonar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɔ.nar/
• Rhymes: -ɔnar
• Syllabification: so‧nar

Noun

sonar m inan

1. (nautical) sonar (device for locating objects underwater)

   Synonym: asdic

Declension

Declension of sonar

	singular	plural
nominative	sonar	sonary
genitive	sonaru	sonarów
dative	sonarowi	sonarom
accusative	sonar	sonary
instrumental	sonarem	sonarami
locative	sonarze	sonarach
vocative	sonarze	sonary

Further reading

• sonar in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from English sonar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /soˈna(ʁ)/ [soˈna(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /soˈna(ʁ)/ [soˈna(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /soˈna(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /soˈna(ʁ)/ [soˈna(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /soˈna(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /sɔˈnaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /sɔˈnaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /sɔˈna.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: so‧nar

Noun

sonar m (plural sonares)

1. (nautical) sonar (technique and device that uses sound propagation to detect underwater objects)

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French sonar.

Noun

sonar n (plural sonare)

1. sonar

Declension

Declension of sonar

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) sonar	sonarul	(niște) sonare	sonarele
genitive/dative	(unui) sonar	sonarului	(unor) sonare	sonarelor
vocative	sonarule		sonarelor

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from English sonar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sǒnaːr/
• Hyphenation: so‧nar

Noun

sònār m (Cyrillic spelling со̀на̄р)

1. sonar

Declension

Declension of sonar

	singular	plural
nominative	sònār	sonari
genitive	sonára	sonara
dative	sonaru	sonarima
accusative	sonar	sonare
vocative	sonare	sonari
locative	sonaru	sonarima
instrumental	sonarom	sonarima

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /soˈnaɾ/ [soˈnaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: so‧nar

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish sonar, inherited from Latin sonāre, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swenh₂- (“to sound, resound”).

Verb

sonar (first-person singular present sueno, first-person singular preterite soné, past participle sonado)

1. (intransitive) to sound, to ring
   • 2014, “Suena La Alarma”, performed by Daddy Yankee:

     Suena la alarma, que mi nena esta robándose el show / Oh síguelo

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (intransitive) to sound (appear)

   Suena como que ya te has decidido.

   It sounds like your mind is made up.

   Suena como si no tuviéramos otra opción.

   It sounds like we don't have any other choice.

3. (figuratively, intransitive) to ring a bell, to be familiar

   Me suena el nombre, pero no lo ubico.

   His name rings a bell but I can't place him.

4. (transitive) to make sound, to play

   Synonym: tocar

   sonar la bocina ― to sound the horn

5. (transitive, reflexive, figuratively) to blow one's nose

   Despues de estornudar, me soné la nariz.

   After I sneezed, I blew my nose.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of sonar (o-ue alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			sonar
gerund			sonando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		sonado		sonada
		plural		sonados		sonadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	sueno	suenastú sonásvos	suena	sonamos	sonáis	suenan
	imperfect	sonaba	sonabas	sonaba	sonábamos	sonabais	sonaban
	preterite	soné	sonaste	sonó	sonamos	sonasteis	sonaron
	future	sonaré	sonarás	sonará	sonaremos	sonaréis	sonarán
	conditional	sonaría	sonarías	sonaría	sonaríamos	sonaríais	sonarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	suene	suenestú sonésvos2	suene	sonemos	sonéis	suenen
	imperfect (ra)	sonara	sonaras	sonara	sonáramos	sonarais	sonaran
	imperfect (se)	sonase	sonases	sonase	sonásemos	sonaseis	sonasen
	future1	sonare	sonares	sonare	sonáremos	sonareis	sonaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		suenatú sonávos	suene	sonemos	sonad	suenen
	negative		no suenes	no suene	no sonemos	no sonéis	no suenen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of sonar (o-ue alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive sonar
	dative	sonarme	sonarte	sonarle, sonarse	sonarnos	sonaros	sonarles, sonarse
	accusative	sonarme	sonarte	sonarlo, sonarla, sonarse	sonarnos	sonaros	sonarlos, sonarlas, sonarse
with gerund sonando
	dative	sonándome	sonándote	sonándole, sonándose	sonándonos	sonándoos	sonándoles, sonándose
	accusative	sonándome	sonándote	sonándolo, sonándola, sonándose	sonándonos	sonándoos	sonándolos, sonándolas, sonándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative suena
	dative	suéname	suénate	suénale	suénanos	not used	suénales
	accusative	suéname	suénate	suénalo, suénala	suénanos	not used	suénalos, suénalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative soná
	dative	soname	sonate	sonale	sonanos	not used	sonales
	accusative	soname	sonate	sonalo, sonala	sonanos	not used	sonalos, sonalas
with formal second-person singular imperative suene
	dative	suéneme	not used	suénele, suénese	suénenos	not used	suéneles
	accusative	suéneme	not used	suénelo, suénela, suénese	suénenos	not used	suénelos, suénelas
with first-person plural imperative sonemos
	dative	not used	sonémoste	sonémosle	sonémonos	sonémoos	sonémosles
	accusative	not used	sonémoste	sonémoslo, sonémosla	sonémonos	sonémoos	sonémoslos, sonémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative sonad
	dative	sonadme	not used	sonadle	sonadnos	sonaos	sonadles
	accusative	sonadme	not used	sonadlo, sonadla	sonadnos	sonaos	sonadlos, sonadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative suenen
	dative	suénenme	not used	suénenle	suénennos	not used	suénenles, suénense
	accusative	suénenme	not used	suénenlo, suénenla	suénennos	not used	suénenlos, suénenlas, suénense

Derived terms

• como suena
• hacer sonar
• sonadero
• sonador
• sonante
• sonar la flauta

 

Related terms

• resonar
• son
• sonaja
• sonido
• sonoro

 

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English sonar.

Noun

sonar m (plural sonares)

1. sonar (a device that uses hydrophones to locate objects underwater)

Alternative forms

• sónar

Further reading

• “sonar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swedish

Noun

sonar c

1. (nautical) sonar (echolocation)
2. (nautical) a sonar (device)

Declension

Declension of sonar
	Uncountable
	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	sonar	sonarn	—	—
Genitive	sonars	sonarns	—	—

Verb

sonar

1. present indicative of sona

References

• sonar in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• sonar in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• sonar in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• Arons, nosar, sorna

Venetian

Etymology

From Latin sonāre, present active infinitive of sonō. Compare Italian suonare.

Verb

sonar

1. (transitive) to play, sound

Conjugation

• Venetian conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of sonar (first conjugation)

infinitive	sonar
auxiliary verb		aver	gerund		sonando
past participle		sonà
person	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	mi	ti	eło / eła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri / łore
present	sono	(te) soni	(el/ła) sona	sonémo, sonòn	soné	(i/łe) sona
imperfect	sonava	(te) sonavi	(el/ła) sonava	sonàvimo	sonavi	(i/łe) sonava
future	sonarò	(te) sonarè	(el/ła) sonarà	sonarémo	sonarè	(i/łe) sonarà
conditional	mi	ti	eło / eła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri / łore
present	sonarìa	(te) sonarisi	(el/ła) sonarìa	sonarìsimo	sonarisi	(i/łe) sonarìa
subjunctive	che mi	che ti	che eło / eła	che noialtri / noialtre	che voialtri / voialtre	che łuri / łore
present	sone, sona	(te) soni	(el/ła) sone, (el/ła) sona	sonémo, sonone	soné	(i/łe) sone, (i/łe) sona
imperfect	sonase	(te) sonasi	(el/ła) sonase	sonàsimo	sonasi	(i/łe) sonase
imperative	—	ti	eło / eła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri / łore
	—	(te) sona	(el/ła) sona, (el/ła) sone	sonémo	soné	(i/łe) sona, (i/łe) sone