togwa

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Noun

togwa (n class, plural togwa)

1. a sweet, unfermented beverage, traditionally made from sorghum

Etymology 2

See -toga.

Verb

-togwa (infinitive kutogwa)

1. Passive form of -toga

Conjugation

Conjugation of -togwa
Positive present -natogwa Subjunctive -togwe Negative -togwi Imperative singular togwa
Infinitives
Positive kutogwa Negative kutotogwa
Imperatives
Singular togwa Plural togweni
Tensed forms
Habitual hutogwa Positive past positive subject concord + -litogwa Negative past negative subject concord + -kutogwa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -natogwa) Singular Plural 1st person ninatogwa/natogwa tunatogwa 2nd person unatogwa mnatogwa 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anatogwa wanatogwa other classes positive subject concord + -natogwa
Negative present (negative subject concord + -togwi) Singular Plural 1st person sitogwi hatutogwi 2nd person hutogwi hamtogwi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hatogwi hawatogwi other classes negative subject concord + -togwi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tatogwa Negative future negative subject concord + -tatogwa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -togwe) Singular Plural 1st person nitogwe tutogwe 2nd person utogwe mtogwe 3rd person m-wa(I/II) atogwe watogwe other classes positive subject concord + -togwe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sitogwe Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngetogwa Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singetogwa Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalitogwa Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalitogwa
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atogwa) Singular Plural 1st person natogwa twatogwa 2nd person watogwa mwatogwa 3rd person m-wa(I/II) atogwa watogwa m-mi(III/IV) watogwa yatogwa ji-ma(V/VI) latogwa yatogwa ki-vi(VII/VIII) chatogwa vyatogwa n(IX/X) yatogwa zatogwa u(XI) watogwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwatogwa pa(XVI) patogwa mu(XVIII) mwatogwa
Perfect positive subject concord + -metogwa "Already" positive subject concord + -meshatogwa "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jatogwa "If/When" positive subject concord + -kitogwa "If not" positive subject concord + -sipotogwa Consecutive katogwa / positive subject concord + -katogwa Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -katogwe
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nitogwa -tutogwa 2nd person -kutogwa -watogwa/-kutogweni/-watogweni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mtogwa -watogwa m-mi(III/IV) -utogwa -itogwa ji-ma(V/VI) -litogwa -yatogwa ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kitogwa -vitogwa n(IX/X) -itogwa -zitogwa u(XI) -utogwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kutogwa pa(XVI) -patogwa mu(XVIII) -mutogwa Reflexive -jitogwa
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -togwa- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -togwaye -togwao m-mi(III/IV) -togwao -togwayo ji-ma(V/VI) -togwalo -togwayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -togwacho -togwavyo n(IX/X) -togwayo -togwazo u(XI) -togwao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -togwako pa(XVI) -togwapo mu(XVIII) -togwamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -togwa) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yetogwa -otogwa m-mi(III/IV) -otogwa -yotogwa ji-ma(V/VI) -lotogwa -yotogwa ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chotogwa -vyotogwa n(IX/X) -yotogwa -zotogwa u(XI) -otogwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kotogwa pa(XVI) -potogwa mu(XVIII) -motogwa
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.