vunda

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvunda/
• Hyphenation: vun‧da

Adjective

vunda (accusative singular vundan, plural vundaj, accusative plural vundajn)

1. injurious

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya)

  (file)

Verb

-vunda (infinitive kuvunda)

1. to rot

Conjugation

Conjugation of -vunda
Positive present -navunda Subjunctive -vunde Negative -vundi Imperative singular vunda
Infinitives
Positive kuvunda Negative kutovunda
Imperatives
Singular vunda Plural vundeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huvunda Positive past positive subject concord + -livunda Negative past negative subject concord + -kuvunda
Positive present (positive subject concord + -navunda) Singular Plural 1st person ninavunda/navunda tunavunda 2nd person unavunda mnavunda 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anavunda wanavunda other classes positive subject concord + -navunda
Negative present (negative subject concord + -vundi) Singular Plural 1st person sivundi hatuvundi 2nd person huvundi hamvundi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) havundi hawavundi other classes negative subject concord + -vundi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tavunda Negative future negative subject concord + -tavunda
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -vunde) Singular Plural 1st person nivunde tuvunde 2nd person uvunde mvunde 3rd person m-wa(I/II) avunde wavunde other classes positive subject concord + -vunde
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sivunde Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngevunda Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singevunda Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalivunda Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalivunda
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -avunda) Singular Plural 1st person navunda twavunda 2nd person wavunda mwavunda 3rd person m-wa(I/II) avunda wavunda m-mi(III/IV) wavunda yavunda ji-ma(V/VI) lavunda yavunda ki-vi(VII/VIII) chavunda vyavunda n(IX/X) yavunda zavunda u(XI) wavunda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwavunda pa(XVI) pavunda mu(XVIII) mwavunda
Perfect positive subject concord + -mevunda "Already" positive subject concord + -meshavunda "Not yet" negative subject concord + -javunda "If/When" positive subject concord + -kivunda "If not" positive subject concord + -sipovunda Consecutive kavunda / positive subject concord + -kavunda Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kavunde
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nivunda -tuvunda 2nd person -kuvunda -wavunda/-kuvundeni/-wavundeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mvunda -wavunda m-mi(III/IV) -uvunda -ivunda ji-ma(V/VI) -livunda -yavunda ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kivunda -vivunda n(IX/X) -ivunda -zivunda u(XI) -uvunda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuvunda pa(XVI) -pavunda mu(XVIII) -muvunda Reflexive -jivunda
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -vunda- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -vundaye -vundao m-mi(III/IV) -vundao -vundayo ji-ma(V/VI) -vundalo -vundayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -vundacho -vundavyo n(IX/X) -vundayo -vundazo u(XI) -vundao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -vundako pa(XVI) -vundapo mu(XVIII) -vundamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -vunda) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yevunda -ovunda m-mi(III/IV) -ovunda -yovunda ji-ma(V/VI) -lovunda -yovunda ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chovunda -vyovunda n(IX/X) -yovunda -zovunda u(XI) -ovunda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kovunda pa(XVI) -povunda mu(XVIII) -movunda
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Nominal derivations:
  • uvundo (“stench”)

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-vunda^?

1. to rot

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.