-ta
Afar edit
Pronunciation 1 edit
Suffix edit
-ta
- Form of -yta used after nouns ending in consonants.
Declension edit
Declension of -ta | ||||||||||||||||||
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absolutive | -ta | |||||||||||||||||
predicative | -ta | |||||||||||||||||
subjective | -tí | |||||||||||||||||
genitive | -tí | |||||||||||||||||
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Pronunciation 2 edit
Suffix edit
-tá
- Form of -ytá used after nouns ending in consonants.
Declension edit
Declension of -tá | ||||||||||||||||||
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absolutive | -tá | |||||||||||||||||
predicative | -tá | |||||||||||||||||
subjective | -tá | |||||||||||||||||
genitive | -tá | |||||||||||||||||
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References edit
- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 228
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
Basque edit
Alternative forms edit
- -da (after -n)
Etymology edit
Suffix edit
-ta
- [+perfect participle] Adverbial suffix.
- Guztiz bustita zatoz. ― You're totally soaked.
- Hori esanda, nahi duzuna egin ezazu. ― Having said that, do whatever you want.
References edit
- ^ “eta” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk
Estonian edit
Suffix edit
-ta
- suffix for the abessive case, without.
Usage notes edit
Finnish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Finnic *-t'ak, from Proto-Uralic *-ta- (verbalizer) (see the Proto-Finnic entry for more).
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ta (front vowel harmony variant -tä, stem -a-, linguistic notation -A- or -tA)
Usage notes edit
- The derivatives belong to the conjugation types no. 73, 74 and 75. The only differences between these three types are the conditional forms, with 74 being a superset of 73 and 75 (allowing both forms of conditional stems). Stems ending in -a are always type 73, while other vowels result in 74 and 75 (with no clear regular pattern).
- Triggers consonant gradation in the root, if applicable.
- Used mainly on bisyllabic vowel-stem nouns. For monosyllabic and consonant-stem nouns, -taa is more common.
- A final -i- in the stem -ta is attached to usually becomes -e-.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Finnic *-t'ak.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ta (front vowel harmony variant -tä, stem -a-, linguistic notation -A- or -tA)
- Forms verbs from nouns with a translative or reflexive meaning.
Usage notes edit
- The derivatives belong to the conjugation types no. 74, 75 and rarely 73. The only differences between these three types are the conditional forms, with 74 being a superset of 73 and 75 (allowing both forms of conditional stems). Stems ending in -a are always type 73, while other vowels result in 74 and 75 (with no clear regular pattern).
- Triggers consonant gradation in the root, if applicable.
- A final -i- in the stem -ta is attached to usually becomes -e-.
- Largely conflated with etymology 1, as they have fallen together in form.
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Finnic *-ta, a variant form of *-da (whence Finnish -a) that was used when it followed a (secondarily) stressed syllable (suffixal gradation). Ultimately from the Proto-Uralic ablative case *-ta (compare to Moksha -да, -та (-da, -ta) and Erzya -до (-do)).
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ta (front vowel harmony variant -tä, linguistic notation -tA)
- A suffix for the partitive singular case.
Usage notes edit
- This suffix is used after a long vowel, diphthong or a consonant.
- See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the partitive case is used.
See also edit
Etymology 4 edit
Suffix edit
-ta (front vowel harmony variant -tä, stem -a-, linguistic notation -A- or -tA) (dialectal)
- (Eastern Finnish) Alternative form of -ida
Usage notes edit
See Appendix:Eastern Finnish reflexive verbs.
Conjugation edit
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ta
-
- (past-tense suffix) Forms the third-person singular indicative past definite form of verbs.
- (verbal-participle suffix) Forms the verbal participle of verbs, always following the agent noun.
- (noun-forming suffix) Forms nouns from certain verbs (cf. -ás), incorporating the third-person singular possessive suffix (-a), which can be replaced by other personal possessive suffixes.
Usage notes edit
- (past-tense and verbal-participle suffix) Variants:
- -ta is added to most back-vowel verbs
- -te is added to most front-vowel verbs
- -tta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (hí, rí, szí; ó, ró; fú)
- -tte is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (lő, nő, sző; nyű)
- -otta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (fut, nyit, except lát)
- -ette is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (vet)
- -ötte is added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (köt, süt, üt)
- (noun-forming suffix) Variants:
- -ta is added to most back-vowel verbs
- -te is added to most front-vowel verbs
- -tte is added to front-vowel verbs that originally ended in a vowel (like jön, originally jő)
- -ata is added to back-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like hall)
- -ete is added to front-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like kell)
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Further reading edit
- Károly, Sándor. Az istenadta-féle szerkezetek személyragos tagjának szófaji jellegéről (“On the part of speech of the personal-suffixed elements of istenadta [‘God-given’]-like structures”). In: Nyelvtudományi Közlemények (“Linguistic Publications”), vol. 59 (1957), pp. 130–150.
- Simonyi, Zsigmond. Isten-adta (“God-given”). In: Magyar Nyelvőr (“Hungarian Language Guardian”), vol. XXXVI (1907), pp. 16–35 in the offprint (issue 5, May 15 in the original, pp. 193–205, 264–271).
Igbo edit
Alternative forms edit
- -té (neutral tongue position)
Suffix edit
-tá
Ilocano edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ta, an enclitic form of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kita, whence Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kita.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
{head|ilo|pronoun}}
- First-person dual absolutive enclitic pronoun; we (two); us (two); you and I; you and me
- Aggayyemta. ― You and I are friends.
- First-person dual ergative enclitic pronoun; we (two); you and I
- Masapul a tulunganta ni Maria. ― You and I should help Maria.
- First-person dual possessive marker; our (mine and yours); of us two
- Awan inggana koma ti ayatta. ― May our love last forever.
See also edit
Person | Number | Absolutive | Ergative | Oblique | Possessive | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Disjunctive | Enclitic | Enclitic3 | bági form | kukua form | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
First | singular | siak | -ak | -ko, -k | kaniak | bagik | kukuak, kuak | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
dual | data, sita1 | -ta | kaniata, kadata | bagita | kukuata | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plural inclusive | datayo, sitayo1 | -tayo, -tay | kaniatayo, kadatayo | bagitayo | kukuatayo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plural exclusive | dakami, sikami1 | -kami, -kam | -mi | kaniami, kadakami | bagimi | kukuami | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Second | singular | sika | -ka | -mo, -m | kaniam, kenka | bagim | kukuam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plural | dakayo, sikayo1 | -kayo, -kay | -yo | kaniayo, kadakayo | bagiyo | kukuayo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Third | singular | isu, isuna | Ø2 | -na | kaniana, kenkuana | bagina | kukuana | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plural | isuda | -da | kaniada, kadakuada | bagida | kukuada | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1Regional variants. 2Null morpheme. There is no absolutive enclitic for the third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives isu or isuna may also be used. 3Ergative enclitics are also used as possessive markers. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fused enclitics
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Irish edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Alternative forms edit
Suffix edit
-ta
- added to nouns to form adjectives
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Alternative forms edit
Suffix edit
-ta
- used to form strong plural forms of nouns
Etymology 3 edit
From Old Irish -ta, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts, whence also Ancient Greek -της (-tēs), Sanskrit -ताति (-tāti), and Latin -tās.
Alternative forms edit
Suffix edit
-ta
- used to form the past participle of verbs
Derived terms edit
Etymology 4 edit
Alternative forms edit
Suffix edit
-ta
Kambera edit
Pronoun edit
-ta
- first person plural inclusive accusative enclitic
See also edit
Lakota edit
Suffix edit
-ta
Usage notes edit
Changes to (-ata), (-yata) following vowel.
Latin edit
Suffix edit
-ta
- inflection of -tus:
Suffix edit
-tā
Makasar edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ta, from Proto-Austronesian *ta.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ta (possessive suffix, Lontara spelling ᨈ)
See also edit
Quechua edit
Alternative forms edit
- -kta (historically, after short vowels)
Suffix edit
-ta
- A suffix for the accusative case. Indicates the direct object of a verb or the goal of a motion verb.
- Used to form adverbs from adjectives.
Scottish Gaelic edit
Suffix edit
-ta
- Alternative form of -te
- 'S leònta mo làmh. ― My hand is wounded.
Derived terms edit
Somali edit
Suffix edit
-ta
Turkish edit
Suffix edit
-ta
- Alternative form of -da (locative suffix) (after an unvoiced consonant).
Ye'kwana edit
Alternative forms edit
- -cha (allomorph after i)
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Suffix edit
-ta
- Forms intransitive verbs with patient-like arguments from nouns.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Suffix edit
-ta
- Forms the certain future tense.
Usage notes edit
Verbs with this suffix take series I person markers.
Derived terms edit
- -tai (possibly)
Etymology 3 edit
Cognates are found in many other Cariban languages, where they are usually restricted to use with or in place of an imperative marker cognate to -kö. The Ye'kwana suffix thus shows a broadened scope of use.
Suffix edit
-ta
- Directs that the command or request expressed by a verb must be executed somewhere else and not at the place where the order was given.
Usage notes edit
This suffix immediately precedes the verb’s tense/aspect/mood markers (and so is distinguished from the certain future suffix above). In most cases, it can only appear with one of the three modal markers -kö (imperative), -iye (jussive), and -'ñojo (rogative); however, when used in the imperative singular, it takes the place of the suffix -kö instead of appearing alongside it.
In the plural this suffix takes the form -tan except in the third person, where it does not change. That is, it takes the form -tan when followed by plural -tö.
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “-ta”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[2], Lyon, pages 149, 225–226, 234–236