úr
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ur"
Faroese edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse úr (“out of”), from Proto-Germanic *uz (“out, out of”).
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
úr (+ dative)
Antonyms edit
- í (“in”)
Adverb edit
úr
Synonyms edit
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
- From Proto-Finno-Ugric *urɜ (“man, male”).[1]
Less likely
- Borrowed from a Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries), from Proto-Turkic *ūŕ (“master, craftsman”). Compare Karakhanid اُوزْ (ūz, “skillful”) and Mongolian ур (ur, “handicraft, skill, craft”) which was probably also borrowed from Turkic.
- From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-Hri-, cf. Sanskrit sūrí (“lord, sacrificial lord”) [2]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
úr (plural urak)
- master (someone who has control over something or someone)
- (Judaism, Christianity, capitalized) Lord
- 1908, revised Bible translation of Gáspár Károlyi, Isaiah 48:17:
- Így szól az Úr, Megváltód, Izráelnek Szentje: Én vagyok az Úr, Istened, ki tanítlak hasznosra, és vezetlek oly úton, a melyen járnod kell.
- Thus says the Lord, your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel: I am the Lord your God, who teaches you for your own good, who leads you in the way you should go.
- Synonym: Isten
- 1908, revised Bible translation of Gáspár Károlyi, Isaiah 48:17:
- gentleman
- (on its own, with a first-person possessive suffix) sir, gentleman (term of address)
- Coordinate terms: asszonyom, hölgyem (also with a possessive suffix), kisasszony, fiatalember
- Uram! ― Sir!
- Hölgyeim és uraim! ― Ladies and gentlemen!
- (after surnames and certain occupational titles) Mr, Mr. (or omitted in English)
- Kovács úr ― Mr. Kovács (literally, “Mr. Smith”)
- doktor úr, mérnök úr, tanár/professzor úr, igazgató úr, bíró úr, often also nyomozó úr, író úr ― Doctor, Engineer, Professor, Manager, Judge; Inspector, Writer (especially as terms of address, cf. Your Honour)
- Coordinate terms: asszony, -nő
- (with a possessive suffix, dated, folksy) husband
Declension edit
| Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | úr | urak |
| accusative | urat | urakat |
| dative | úrnak | uraknak |
| instrumental | úrral | urakkal |
| causal-final | úrért | urakért |
| translative | úrrá | urakká |
| terminative | úrig | urakig |
| essive-formal | úrként | urakként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | úrban | urakban |
| superessive | úron | urakon |
| adessive | úrnál | uraknál |
| illative | úrba | urakba |
| sublative | úrra | urakra |
| allative | úrhoz | urakhoz |
| elative | úrból | urakból |
| delative | úrról | urakról |
| ablative | úrtól | uraktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
úré | uraké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
úréi | urakéi |
| Possessive forms of úr | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | uram | uraim |
| 2nd person sing. | urad | uraid |
| 3rd person sing. | ura | urai |
| 1st person plural | urunk | uraink |
| 2nd person plural | uratok | uraitok |
| 3rd person plural | uruk | uraik |
Derived terms edit
Compound words with this term at the beginning
Compound words with this term at the end
Expressions
References edit
- ^ Entry #1094 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ Holopainen, Sampsa (2016). "On the etymology of Hungarian úr ‘lord, gentleman’ and its possible cognates". Folia Uralica Debreceniensia 23, 57–68.
Further reading edit
- úr in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Icelandic edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Low German ur(e), from Old French ore (“time”).
Noun edit
úr n (genitive singular úrs, nominative plural úr)
Declension edit
declension of úr
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Norse ór (“out of”), from Proto-Germanic *uz (“out, out of”). More at or-.
Preposition edit
úr
Derived terms edit
Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Irish úr, from Old Irish úr (“fresh, new”),[3] from Proto-Celtic *ɸūros, from Proto-Indo-European *puHrós, which derives from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to be clean, pure”); see also Latin pūrus.[4]
Adjective edit
úr (genitive singular masculine úir, genitive singular feminine úire, plural úra, comparative úire)
Declension edit
Declension of úr
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
úr m (genitive singular úra) (literary)
Declension edit
Declension of úr
|
Bare forms (no plural of this noun)
|
Forms with the definite article:
|
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
úr m (genitive singular úir, nominative plural úir)
- Alternative form of iúr (“yew”)
Declension edit
Declension of úr
Etymology 4 edit
Determiner edit
úr
- Alternative form of bhur (“your pl”)
Mutation edit
| Irish mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
| úr | n-úr | húr | t-úr |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References edit
- ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 86
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 95
- ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 úr”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “úr”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Entries containing “úr” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “úr” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Old Norse edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *ūrą, from Proto-Indo-European *uh₁r-, zero grade form of *weh₁r- (“water”).
Noun edit
úr n
Declension edit
Declension of úr (strong a-stem)