þe
See also: þͤ
Gothic Edit
Romanization Edit
þē
- Romanization of 𐌸𐌴
Middle English Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
From Old English þē (“the; he”), a late variant of sē, the þ- from the oblique stem replacing the earlier s-, which occurred in the nominative singular masculine and feminine only.
Alternative forms Edit
Pronunciation Edit
- (stressed) IPA(key): /θeː/, /ðeː/
- (unstressed) IPA(key): /ðɛ/, /ði/, /ð/[1][2]
- (after /t/, /d/, especially early) IPA(key): /teː/, /tɛ/
Article Edit
þe
- the[3]
- 1420, The British Museum Additional MS, 12,056, “Wounds complicated by the Dislocation of a Bone”, in Robert von Fleischhacker, editor, Lanfranc's "Science of cirurgie."[1], London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, translation of original by Lanfranc of Milan, published 1894, →ISBN, page 63:
- Ne take noon hede to brynge togidere þe parties of þe boon þat is to-broken or dislocate, til viij. daies ben goon in þe wyntir, & v. in þe somer; for þanne it schal make quytture, and be sikir from swellynge; & þanne brynge togidere þe brynkis eiþer þe disiuncture after þe techynge þat schal be seid in þe chapitle of algebra.
- Don't bring the two pieces of the bone that is broken or dislocated together until 8 days have passed if it's winter or 5 days if it's summer; otherwise it will make pus and be sicker from swelling. After the time has passed bring together the pieces or the dislocation according to the teaching that shall be said in the chapter entitled Algebra.
- 1431, A rem' that William Baker, Pewtrer, & John Hetheman [made] the first day of May, þe ȝere of kynge herry þe vje, after þe conquest xe. — Henry Littlehales (editor), The Medieval Records of a London City Church, page 26.
Descendants Edit
Etymology 2 Edit
From Old English þē (“you, thee”), accusative and dative form of þū.
Alternative forms Edit
Pronunciation Edit
- (stressed) IPA(key): /θeː/, /ðeː/
- (unstressed) IPA(key): /ðɛ/, /ði/[1][2]
- (after /t/) IPA(key): /teː/, /tɛ/
Pronoun Edit
þe (nominative þou)
Descendants Edit
See also Edit
Middle English personal pronouns
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | 1st-person | I, ich, ik | me | min mi1 |
min | ||
2nd-person | þou | þe | þin þi1 |
þin | |||
3rd-person | m | he | him hine2 |
him | his | his hisen | |
f | sche, heo | hire heo |
hire | hire hires, hiren | |||
n | hit | hit him2 |
his, hit | — | |||
dual3 | 1st-person | wit | unk | unker | |||
2nd-person | ȝit | inc | inker | ||||
plural | 1st-person | we | us, ous | oure | oure oures, ouren | ||
2nd-person4 | ye | yow | your | your youres, youren | |||
3rd-person | inh. | he | hem he2 |
hem | here | here heres, heren | |
bor. | þei | þem, þeim | þeir | þeir þeires, þeiren |
1Used preconsonantally or before h.
2Early or dialectal.
3Dual pronouns are only sporadically found in Early Middle English; after that, they are replaced by plural forms. There are no third-person dual forms in Middle English.
4Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Etymology 3 Edit
Pronoun Edit
þe
- Alternative form of þei (“they”)
Etymology 4 Edit
Verb Edit
þe
- Alternative form of theen
References Edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Brink, Daniel (1992), “Variation between <þ-> and <t-> in the Ormulum”, in Irmengard Rauch, Gerald F. Carr and Robert L. Kyes, editors, On Germanic Linguistics: Issues and Methods (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs; 68), De Gruyter Mouton, , →ISBN, pages 21-35.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Thurber, Beverly A. (15 February 2011), “Voicing of Initial Interdental Fricatives in Early Middle English Function Words”, in Journal of Germanic Linguistics, volume 23, issue 1, Cambridge University Press, , pages 65-81.
- ^ “thẹ̄̆, def. art.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ “the, pron.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 5 May 2018.
Old English Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
From Proto-Germanic *þa, from Proto-Indo-European *tó.
Pronunciation Edit
Particle Edit
þe (indeclinable, relative)
- that, who, which
- Ne fyrhteð þa þe on synnum lyfiað. ― Do not fear those who live in sin. (Ælfwine's Prayerbook)
Etymology 2 Edit
From Proto-Germanic *þiz.
Pronunciation Edit
Pronoun Edit
þē
- accusative/dative of þū: you
Usage notes Edit
- Originally only dative/instrumental. The Anglian dialects have retained the inherited accusative form, þec.
Descendants Edit
- English: thee
Etymology 3 Edit
From earlier sē, through influence of the þ- forms.
Pronunciation Edit
Article Edit
þē m