ил

See also: Appendix:Variations of "il"

Bashkir

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ēl (“realm”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [il]
• Hyphenation: ил (one syllable)

Noun

ил • (il)

1. country, state

   Сит ил.

   Sit il.

   A foreign country.

   Һалдат илде һаҡлай.

   Haldat ilde haqlay.

   Soldier guards the country.

   Йәш быуын — илдең киләсәге.

   Yäş bıwın — ildeŋ kiläsäge.

   The young generation is the country's future.

   Илдә тәмәке тартыуға ҡаршы аҙналыҡ башланды.

   İldä tämäke tartıwğa qarşı aðnalıq başlandı.

   A weekly campaign against tobacco smoking has begun in the country.

   Беҙҙең илебеҙҙә Интернет түгел, гәзит барып етмәгән, почтальон аяғы баҫмаған мөйөштәр бар һаман.

   Beððeŋ ilebeððä İnternet tügel, gäzit barıp yetmägän, poçtal’on ayağı baθmağan möyöştär bar haman.

   There are still locations in our country where newspapers do not reach, (where) postman's feet hasn't touched yet, let alone the Internet.

2. society, people
3. (archaic) homeland

   Батыр яуҙан ҡайтмаһа, даны ҡайтыр иленә.

   Batır yawðan qaytmaha, danı qaytır ilenä.

   If a hero does not return from war, his good name will return to his homeland.

Declension

Inflection of ил (il)

	singular	plural
absolute	ил (il)	ил (il)
definite genitive	ил (il)	ил (il)
dative	ил (il)	ил (il)
definite accusative	ил (il)	ил (il)
locative	ил (il)	ил (il)
ablative	ил (il)	ил (il)

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *jьlъ, *jilъ. Attested more in Western dialects.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [iɫ]

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

ил • (il) m

1. silt, mire

   Synonyms: тиня (tinja), утайка (utajka)

2. moor, bog

   Synonym: тресавище (tresavište)

Declension

Declension of ил

	singular	plural
indefinite	ил il	и́лове ílove
definite (subject form)	и́лът ílǎt	и́ловете ílovete
definite (object form)	и́ла íla
count form	—	и́ла íla

Derived terms

• илав (ilav, “slimy, muddy”)
  • илавица (ilavica, “clay-rich earth”)
• илов (ilov, “pitch-dark, dirty”)
• илест (ilest, “muddy”)

References

• “ил”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “ил¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 64

Chuvash

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ạl- (“to take”).

Verb

ил • (il)

1. to take
2. to remove, to take away
3. to bring, to bring along
4. to buy, to purchase
5. to receive
6. to charge, collect, to levy, to take monies (in forms of taxes, payments, duties, tariffs, and fines)
7. to capture, seize

   тыткӑна ил ― tytkăna il ― to take captives

   хулана ил ― hulana il ― to seize/capture the town

8. penetrate, pierce
9. (of clothes etc.) take off (remove)

Further reading

• “ил”, in Электронлă сăмахсар‎^[1] (in Russian-Chuvash, Chuvash-Russian), 1996.

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jilъ, *jьlъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [iɫ]
• Rhymes: -iɫ

Noun

ил • (il) m or f

1. clay

   Synonym: глина f (glina)

Declension

(Masculine declension)

Declension of ил

	singular
indefinite	ил
definite unspecified	илот
definite proximal	илов
definite distal	илон
vocative	илу

(Feminine declension)

Declension of ил

	singular
indefinite	ил
definite unspecified	илта
definite proximal	илва
definite distal	илна
vocative	ил

Derived terms

• илест (ilest)
• иловица f (ilovica)

References

• “ил” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

Mongolian

Pronunciation

(Ulaanbaatar) IPA^(key): /iɮ/, [iɮ]

Etymology 1

Cognate with Buryat эли (eli, “wapiti fawn”), Kalmyk ил (il, “fawn”).

Compare Proto-Turkic *elik (“roebuck, wild goat”) (see Turkish elik) and Even елкэн (jelkən, “reindeer (leader of the herd)”), similar to other Eurasian deer-related words such as Proto-Indo-European *h₁el- (“deer”), Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan *əlwæ (“wild reindeer”) (Chukchi ылвылю), Ket илэ. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Alternative forms

• илий (ilii)

Noun

ил • (il) (Mongolian spelling ᠢᠯᠢ (ili))

1. fawn (a young deer)

Related terms

• илэг (ileg, “suede, deerskin”)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Yakut илэ (ile, “explicitly, openly”).

Adjective

ил • (il) (Mongolian spelling ᠢᠯᠡ (ilä))

1. clear, obvious, perceptible

   Synonyms: тод (tod), тодорхой (todorxoj), илэрхий (ilerxii), ил тод (il tod)

   ил захидал ― il zaxidal ― post card

2. out in the open (not hidden; not inside)

   Synonyms: задгай (zadgaj), ил задгай (il zadgaj)

   ил уурхай ― il uurxaj ― opencast mine

3. known (not secret)

Antonyms

• нууц (nuuc, “secret”)
• далд (dald, “covered, invisible”)
• дотор (dotor, “inside”)

Adverb

ил • (il)

1. publicly, openly

   ил хэлэх ― il xelex ― to say to one’s face

   ил гаргах ― il gargax ― to make clear

   ил ярих ― il jarix ― give a speech

Derived terms

Derived terms

• илхэн (ilxen, “obvious”)
• илдэх (ildex, “to be evident”)
  • илтгэх (iltgex, “to report”)
    • илтгэгч (iltgegč, “orator”)
    • илтгэл (iltgel, “presentation”)
    • илтгэц (iltgec, “index”)
• илчлэх (ilčlex, “to disclose, to expose”)
  • илчлэлт (ilčlelt, “revalation”)
• илрэх (ilrex, “to manifest, to become obvious”)
  • илрэл (ilrel, “manifestation, display”)
  • илрүүлэх (ilrüülex, “to expose, to detect”)
    • илрүүлэлт (ilrüülelt, “exposé, exposure”)
• ил задгай (il zadgaj, “bare, open”)
• ил тод (il tod, “plain, obvious”)
• илэрхий (ilerxii, “clear, evident”)
  • илэрхийлэх (ilerxiilex, “to clarify, to express”)
    • илэрхийлэл (ilerxiilel, “statement”)
    • илэрхийлэлт (ilerxiilelt, “expression”)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from a Turkic language, hailing back to Proto-Turkic *ēl. The sense evolution of international relations, ally and peace is attested already in pre-Mongolian Turkic languages.

Alternative forms

• ᠡᠯ (äl)

Noun

ил • (il) (Mongolian spelling ᠢᠯ (il))

1. country, territory
2. (archaic) ally
3. (archaic) harmony, peace

Etymology 4

Verb

ил • (il) (Mongolian spelling ᠢᠯᠢ (ili))

1. imperative of илэх (ilex)

Russian

Alternative forms

• илъ (il) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic илъ (ilŭ), from Proto-Slavic *jьlъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [iɫ]

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

ил • (il) m inan (genitive и́ла, nominative plural и́лы, genitive plural и́лов)

1. silt, clay, mud, ooze, sludge

Declension

Declension of ил (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	и́л íl	и́лы íly
genitive	и́ла íla	и́лов ílov
dative	и́лу ílu	и́лам ílam
accusative	и́л íl	и́лы íly
instrumental	и́лом ílom	и́лами ílami
prepositional	и́ле íle	и́лах ílax

Related terms

• илистость (ilistostʹ)
• илистый (ilistyj), иловый (ilovyj)

Yakut

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *ēl (“realm”).

Noun

ил • (il)

1. (geography) state

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

ил • (il)

1. friendship, amity
2. (diplomacy, religion) peace

   Synonym: эйэ (eye, “peace”)

   Antonym: сэрии (serii, “war”)

Derived terms

• илдьит (iljit, “ambassador”)