Thai

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Pronunciation

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Orthographic/Phonemicเห็น
e h ˘ n
RomanizationPaiboonhěn
Royal Institutehen
(standard) IPA(key)/hen˩˩˦/(R)

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Tai *tranᴬ (to see).[1] Some Southwestern Tai such as Thai เห็น (hěn) and Central Tai show reflexes of *-e-.[2]

In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Isan เห็น, Lao ເຫັນ (hen), Northern Thai ᩉᩢ᩠ᨶ (han¹) or ᩉᩮ᩠ᨶ (hen¹), Khün ᩉᩢ᩠ᨶ (han¹), ᦠᧃ (ḣan), Tai Dam ꪹꪬꪸꪙ (hen), Tai Dón ꪬꪲꪙ, Shan ႁၼ် (hǎn), Tai Nüa ᥞᥢᥴ (hán), Aiton ꩭꩫ် (han), Ahom 𑜑𑜃𑜫 (han).

In Central Tai, cognate with Nong Zhuang taen (Yanshan dialect)[3] or ten (Guangnan dialect).[3]

In Northan Tai, cognate with Zhuang raen, Bouyei ranl.

In other Tai, cognate with Zuojiang Zhuang haen (Lonzhou, Ningming and Daxin dialects)[3] or twn (Chongzuo dialect).[3]

Verb

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เห็น (hěn) (abstract noun การเห็น)

  1. (intransitive, transitive) to see: to perceive visually or mentally.
  2. to think; to opine; to view; to consider; to feel.
  3. (~จะ) to seem, to appear; to be likely (to), to have the possibility (for, to, etc).
  4. (~แก่) to favour; to be in favour (of); to give more importance, preference, or respect (to); to treat or regard as more important or favourable; to care.
Derived terms
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See also
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Etymology 2

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From Proto-Tai *ʰɲelᴬ (civet cat).[4] Proto-Tai *ʰɲ- became *h- in front of front vowels in all Southwesten Tai including Thai and some Central Tai dialects.[5]

In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Isan เหง็น, Lao ເຫງັນ (ngen) or ເຫັນ (hen), ᦠᦲᧃ (ḣiin), Tai Dam ꪹꪐꪸꪙ, Shan ႁဵၼ် (hǎen), Tai Nüa ᥞᥥᥢᥴ (hén), Ahom 𑜑𑜢𑜃𑜫 (hin).

In Central Tai, cognate with Tày hên

In Northern Tai, cognate with Zhuang nyaen (raccoon dog; wild animal).

Noun

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เห็น (hěn)

  1. (อี~, นาง~, กระ~) civet: any mammal of the family Viverridae.

References

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  1. ^ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)‎[1], Department of Linguistics, Cornell University , page 353
  2. ^ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)‎[2], Department of Linguistics, Cornell University , page 374
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Zhang, Junru (张 均如); et al. (1999) 壮语方言研究 [A Study of Zhuang Dialects] (in Chinese), Chengdu: Sichuan Ethnic Publishing House (四川民族出版社), page 721
  4. ^ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)‎[3], Department of Linguistics, Cornell University , page 327
  5. ^ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)‎[4], Department of Linguistics, Cornell University , page 364