寵愛

See also: 宠爱

Chinese

		to love; to pamper; to spoil to love; to pamper; to spoil; to favour	to love; affection; to be fond of to love; affection; to be fond of; to like
trad. (寵愛)		寵	愛
simp. (宠爱)		宠	爱
anagram		愛寵／爱宠

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chǒng'ài

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥˇ ㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cung² oi³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thióng-ài

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tong² ain³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chǒng'ài
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥˇ ㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chǒng-ài
    • Wade–Giles: chʻung³-ai⁴
    • Yale: chǔng-ài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: choongay
    • Palladius: чунъай (čunʺaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cung² oi³
    • Yale: chúng oi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsung² oi³
    • Guangdong Romanization: cung² oi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵ ɔːi̯³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thióng-ài
    • Tâi-lô: thióng-ài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tiofng'aix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ai⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ai²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tong² ain³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thóng àiⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ ãĩ²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: trhjowngX 'ojH

Rime
Character	寵	愛
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	徹 (10)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	丑隴切	烏代切
Baxter	trhjowngX	'ojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈʰɨoŋX/	/ʔʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈʰioŋX/	/ʔəiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶʰioŋX/	/ʔɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈʰuawŋX/	/ʔəjH/
Li Rong	/ȶʰioŋX/	/ʔᴀiH/
Wang Li	/ȶʰĭwoŋX/	/ɒiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶʰi̯woŋX/	/ʔɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chǒng	ài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cung2	oi3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*r̥oŋʔ  [q]ˤə[p]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*r̥ʰoŋʔ  qɯːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	寵	愛
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chǒng	ài
Middle Chinese	‹ trhjowngX ›	‹ ʔojH ›
Old Chinese	/*r̥oŋʔ/	/*[q]ˁə[p]-s/
English	favor, grace	to love; to grudge (< ‘draw close to oneself’?)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	寵	愛
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	8448	1
Phonetic component	龍	愛
Rime group	東	隊
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	寵	愛
Old Chinese	/*r̥ʰoŋʔ/	/*qɯːds/
Notes		說文本從心旡聲

Verb

寵愛

1. to dote on; to make a pet of

Synonyms

• 嬌／娇 (jiāo)
• 嬌慣／娇惯 (jiāoguàn)
• 嬌縱／娇纵 (jiāozòng)
• 慣／惯 (guàn)
• 放縱／放纵 (fàngzòng)
• 溺愛／溺爱 (nì'ài)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
寵	愛
ちょう Jinmeiyō	あい Grade: 4
kan’on	on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ちょーあい [chòóáí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ːa̠i]

Noun

寵(ちょう)愛(あい) • (chōai) 

1. favour

   寵(ちょう)愛(あい)を受(う)ける ― chōai o ukeru ― to receive one's favour

Verb

寵(ちょう)愛(あい)する • (chōai suru) transitive suru (stem 寵(ちょう)愛(あい)し (chōai shi), past 寵(ちょう)愛(あい)した (chōai shita))

1. to love specially; to show favour for

   Synonyms: 慈しむ (itsukushimu), いとおしむ (itooshimu), 愛でる (mederu)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "寵愛する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	寵愛し	ちょうあいし	chōai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	寵愛し	ちょうあいし	chōai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	寵愛する	ちょうあいする	chōai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	寵愛する	ちょうあいする	chōai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	寵愛すれ	ちょうあいすれ	chōai sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	寵愛せよ¹ 寵愛しろ²	ちょうあいせよ¹ ちょうあいしろ²	chōai seyo¹ chōai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	寵愛される	ちょうあいされる	chōai sareru
Causative	寵愛させる 寵愛さす	ちょうあいさせる ちょうあいさす	chōai saseru chōai sasu
Potential	寵愛できる	ちょうあいできる	chōai dekiru
Volitional	寵愛しよう	ちょうあいしよう	chōai shiyō
Negative	寵愛しない	ちょうあいしない	chōai shinai
Negative continuative	寵愛せず	ちょうあいせず	chōai sezu
Formal	寵愛します	ちょうあいします	chōai shimasu
Perfective	寵愛した	ちょうあいした	chōai shita
Conjunctive	寵愛して	ちょうあいして	chōai shite
Hypothetical conditional	寵愛すれば	ちょうあいすれば	chōai sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
寵	愛

Noun

寵愛 • (chong'ae) (hangeul 총애)

1. Hanja form^? of 총애.