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愛

See also: 爱

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Etymology: From person 夬 (top part) that walks 夊 with a heart 心. Meaning love.

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

愛 (radical 61 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月月心水 (BBPE), four-corner 20247, composition ⿳爫冖𢖻)

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 395, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10947
  • Dae Jaweon: page 732, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2323, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+611B

ChineseEdit

trad. 愛
simp. 爱
alt. forms
 
㤅
𢙴
𢛭
𢜤
𤔠
𤔤
𢟪
𢖻

Glyph originEdit

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qɯːds): phonetic 㤅 + semantic 夊

PronunciationEdit

Rime
Character 愛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 烏代切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʔʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʔəiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʔɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʔəjH/
Li
Rong		 /ʔᴀiH/
Wang
Li		 /ɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʔɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 ài
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 愛
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 ài
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ʔojH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[q]ˤə[p]-s/
English to love; to grudge (< ‘draw close to oneself’?)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 愛
Reading # 1/1
No. 1
Phonetic
component		 愛
Rime
group		 隊
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 愛
Old
Chinese		 /*qɯːds/
Notes 說文本從心旡聲

DefinitionsEdit

愛

  1. love; affection
    • 祖國愛 / 祖国爱  ―  zǔguó ài  ―  patriotism
  2. love; benevolence
  3. to love
    • 我愛你。 / 我爱你。  ―  Wǒ ài nǐ.  ―  I love you.
    • 你愛他嗎？ / 你爱他吗？  ―  Nǐ ài tā ma?  ―  Do you love him?
  4. affectionate
  5. beloved
  6. to like; to be fond of; to be keen on
  7. to be prone; to be easy to
  8. to treasure; to value
  9. (Hakka, Cantonese) to want (an object)
  10. (Min, Hakka) to want to do; to need to; must
  11. something one loves; someone whom one loves
    • 割愛 / 割爱  ―  gēài  ―  to sacrifice something one loves to someone else
  12. Honorific for someone else's daughter; variant of 嬡 (āi).
    • 令愛 / 令爱  ―  lìngài  ―  your precious daughter
  13. A surname​.

Usage notesEdit

  • When used for people, 愛／爱 usually refers to romantic love. When used like this, older Mandarin speakers often describe the use of this term as overly 肉麻 (ròumá, “something that gives you the creeps, disgusting”). For this reason, the word 喜歡／喜欢 (xǐhuān, “to like”) might be used instead. Using the word 喜歡／喜欢 (xǐhuān) literally means like, but when used in a romantic context (especially boyfriend/girlfriend), it actually means love. However, younger Mandarin speakers seem to have been influenced somewhat by Western culture, and are now using the verb 愛／爱 much more often than was socially acceptable in the past.

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 愛

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

愛

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
愛
あい
Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 愛 (/ʔojH/, “to love”). Compare modern Mandarin 愛／爱 (ài).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

愛 ‎(hiragana あい, romaji ai)

  1. love
  2. affection
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
IdiomsEdit

Proper nounEdit

愛 ‎(hiragana あい, romaji Ai)

  1. A female given name
  2. A surname​.

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
愛
めで
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

The 連用形 ‎(ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of Old Japanese verb 愛でる ‎(mederu, “to love; to appreciate or admire”).[3][1]

PronunciationEdit

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

愛 ‎(hiragana めで, romaji mede)

  1. (archaic) love, appreciation, dearness
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 5, poem 894)
      愛 (めで)能 (の)盛 (さかり)尓 (に)　天下 (あめのした)　奏 (まをし)多 (た)麻 (ま)比 (ひ)志 (し)　家 (いへの)子 (こ)等 (と)　撰 (えらひ)多 (た)麻 (ま)比 (ひ)天 (て) [Man'yōgana]
      愛 (めで)の盛 (さか)りに　天 (あめ)の下 (した)　申 (もう)し給 (たま)いし　家 (いえ)の子 (こ)と　選 (えら)び給 (たま)いて [Modern spelling]
      mede no sakari ni ame no shita mōshitamai shi ie no ko to erabitamaite
      with the utmost of love, [Amaterasu] spoke under the heavens, and chose with her children...
IdiomsEdit
Related termsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
愛
まな
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Originally a compound of 真 ‎(ma, “true, genuine”) +‎ な ‎(na), an Old Japanese version of modern Japanese の ‎(no, possessive particle).[3] The use of 愛 here is an example of ateji.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

愛 ‎(hiragana まな, romaji mana)

  1. (archaic) (derived from prefix sense) something dear, something loved
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3462)
      麻奈 (まな)登伊布兒我 (といふこが)　安夜尓可奈思佐 (あやにかなしさ) [Man'yōgana]
      愛 (まな)という児 (こ)が　あやに愛 (かな)しさ [Modern spelling]
      mana to iu ko ga aya ni kanashisa
      the child called a dear, such indescribable tenderness

PrefixEdit

愛 ‎(hiragana まな, romaji mana-)

  1. before a common noun, expresses a sense of admiration or value: good, genuine; compare English the real deal
  2. before a noun describing a person, expresses praise or fondness: dear, beloved
Derived termsEdit

Proper nounEdit

愛 ‎(hiragana まな, romaji Mana)

  1. A female given name

Etymology 4Edit

Used as ateji in various names. 愛 is a very common element in many, many names.

Proper nounEdit

愛 ‎(hiragana あづみ, romaji Azumi, alternative reading ああい, romaji Āi, alternative reading あいか, romaji Aika, alternative reading あいす, romaji Aisu, alternative reading あき, romaji Aki, alternative reading あこ, romaji Ako, alternative reading あみか, romaji Amika, alternative reading あおい, romaji Aoi, alternative reading ありさ, romaji Arisa, alternative reading あや, romaji Aya, alternative reading あゆ, romaji Ayu, alternative reading ちぎり, romaji Chigiri, alternative reading ちか, romaji Chika, alternative reading ちかし, romaji Chikashi, alternative reading えりな, romaji Erina, alternative reading はあと, romaji Hāto, alternative reading ひかり, romaji Hikari, alternative reading いと, romaji Ito, alternative reading いとし, romaji Itoshi, alternative reading いつみ, romaji Itsumi, alternative reading いずみ, romaji Izumi, alternative reading かな, romaji Kana, alternative reading かなえ, romaji Kanae, alternative reading かなさ, romaji Kanasa, alternative reading きずな, romaji Kizuna, alternative reading こころ, romaji Kokoro, alternative reading このむ, romaji Konomu, alternative reading まどか, romaji Madoka, alternative reading まなぶ, romaji Manabu, alternative reading まなみ, romaji Manami, alternative reading めづる, romaji Mezuru, alternative reading めご, romaji Mego, alternative reading めぐ, romaji Megu, alternative reading めぐみ, romaji Megumi, alternative reading めぐむ, romaji Megumu, alternative reading めい, romaji Mei, alternative reading なる, romaji Naru, alternative reading なるこ, romaji Naruko, alternative reading のぞみ, romaji Nozomi, alternative reading らぶ, romaji Rabu, alternative reading るい, romaji Rui, alternative reading さら, romaji Sara, alternative reading さらん, romaji Saran, alternative reading つぐみ, romaji Tsugumi, alternative reading つくみ, romaji Tsukumi, alternative reading うい, romaji Ui, alternative reading よし, romaji Yoshi, alternative reading よしき, romaji Yoshiki, alternative reading よしみ, romaji Yoshimi)

  1. A female given name

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

愛 • ‎(ae) (hangeul 애, McCune-Reischauer ae, Yale ay)

  1. love

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

愛 (ái, áy)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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Last edited on 5 August 2016, at 16:49