歌樂

Chinese

		song	music; happy; laugh music; happy; laugh; cheerful
trad. (歌樂)		歌	樂
simp. (歌乐)		歌	乐
anagram		樂歌／乐歌

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gēyuè

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜ ㄩㄝˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gēyuè
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄜ ㄩㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: geyuè
    • Wade–Giles: ko¹-yüeh⁴
    • Yale: gē-ywè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geyueh
    • Palladius: гэюэ (gɛjue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤ⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: ka ngaewk

Rime
Character	歌	樂
Reading #	1/1	2/3
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	江 (10)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	古俄切	五角切
Baxter	ka	ngaewk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑ/	/ŋˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑ/	/ŋᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑ/	/ŋɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ka/	/ŋaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/kɑ/	/ŋɔk̚/
Wang Li	/kɑ/	/ŋɔk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑ/	/ŋɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gē	yuè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	go1	ngok6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤaj  [ŋ]ˤrawk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaːl  ŋraːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	歌	樂
Reading #	1/1	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gē	yuè
Middle Chinese	‹ ka ›	‹ ngæwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁaj/	/*[ŋ]ˁrawk/
English	sing, song	music
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	歌	樂
Reading #	1/1	3/3
No.	7438	7683
Phonetic component	可	樂
Rime group	歌	藥
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	歌	嶽
Old Chinese	/*kaːl/	/*ŋraːwɢ/

Noun

歌樂

1. (literary) songs and music

   • 言談者，仁之文也；歌樂者，仁之和也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     言谈者，仁之文也；歌乐者，仁之和也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yántán zhě, rén zhī wén yě; gēyuè zhě, rén zhī hé yě. [Pinyin]

     Speech is the ornament of humanity; singing and music are the harmony of humanity.

   • 曹參為漢相，縱酒歌樂，不聽政治。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     曹参为汉相，纵酒歌乐，不听政治。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Wang Chong, Lun Heng (Discussive Weighing), 80 CE, translated based on Alfred Forke's version

     Cáo Cān wéi Hàn xiàng, zòngjiǔ gēyuè, bù tīng zhèngzhì. [Pinyin]

     Cao Can, a minister of the Han, was given to wine, songs, and music, and did not care about government.

Verb

歌樂

1. (literary) to sing somebody's praises

   • 民皆歌樂之，頌其德。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     民皆歌乐之，颂其德。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Mín jiē gēyuè zhī, sòng qí dé. [Pinyin]

     The people all sang his praises and eulogized his virtues.