俄

俄 U+4FC4, 俄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FC4 ← 促 [U+4FC3] CJK Unified Ideographs 俅 → [U+4FC5]

Translingual

Han character

俄 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人竹手戈 (OHQI), four-corner 2325₀, composition ⿰亻我)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 104, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 665
• Dae Jaweon: page 220, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 162, character 14
• Unihan data for U+4FC4

Chinese

simp. and trad.		俄

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 俄
Small seal script s05857 Transcribed ancient scripts L08399 L08400
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (我) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
莪	*ŋaːl
哦	*ŋaːl
娥	*ŋaːl
峨	*ŋaːl
峩	*ŋaːl
鵝	*ŋaːl
俄	*ŋaːl
蛾	*ŋaːl, *ŋralʔ
睋	*ŋaːl
涐	*ŋaːl
誐	*ŋaːl
硪	*ŋaːl, *ŋaːlʔ
我	*ŋaːlʔ
騀	*ŋaːlʔ
餓	*ŋaːls
義	*ŋrals
儀	*ŋral
轙	*ŋral, *ŋralʔ
檥	*ŋral, *ŋralʔ
蟻	*ŋralʔ
艤	*ŋralʔ
礒	*ŋralʔ
羛	*ŋralʔ, *hŋral
議	*ŋrals
犧	*hŋral
曦	*hŋral
羲	*hŋral

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): é (e²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄜˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngo⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngo³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngò

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ngo²

• Eastern Min (BUC): ngò̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gô / ngô͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngo⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶ngu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: é
    • Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: é
    • Wade–Giles: o²
    • Yale: é
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
    • Palladius: э (e)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngo⁴
    • Yale: ngòh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngo⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔː²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ngo³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡᵘɔ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngò
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngoˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngo²
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋo¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngo²
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋo¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngò̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô
    • Tâi-lô: gô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gooi
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ɡo²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɤ²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngô͘
    • Tâi-lô: ngôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ngoo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋɔ̃²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ngo⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngô
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶ngu
    • MiniDict: ngu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ngu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋu²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: nga

Rime
Character	俄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五何切
Baxter	nga
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋa/
Li Rong	/ŋɑ/
Wang Li	/ŋɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	é
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngo4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	俄
Reading #	1/1
No.	13035
Phonetic component	我
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	莪
Old Chinese	/*ŋaːl/

Definitions

俄

1. suddenly; (very) soon; presently

   俄而  ―  é'ér  ―  after a while; presently

2. tilted

Compounds

• 俄亥俄州
• 俄延 (éyán)
• 俄然 (érán)
• 俄爾／俄尔 (é'ěr)
• 俄而 (é'ér)
• 俄頃／俄顷 (éqǐng)
• 半霎俄延
• 慢俄延
• 懷俄明州／怀俄明州

 

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): É, È

  (Zhuyin): ㄜˊ, ㄜˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngo⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngo³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngò

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ngo²

• Eastern Min (BUC): ngò̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gô / ngô͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngo⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶ngu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: É
    • Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: é
    • Wade–Giles: o²
    • Yale: é
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
    • Palladius: э (e)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant, common in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: È
    • Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: è
    • Wade–Giles: o⁴
    • Yale: è
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
    • Palladius: э (e)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngo⁴
    • Yale: ngòh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngo⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔː²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ngo³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡᵘɔ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngò
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngoˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngo²
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋo¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngo²
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋo¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngò̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô
    • Tâi-lô: gô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gooi
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ɡo²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɤ²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngô͘
    • Tâi-lô: ngôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ngoo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋɔ̃²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ngo⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngô
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶ngu
    • MiniDict: ngu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ngu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋu²³/

Definitions

俄

1. Short for 俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī).: Russia (The largest country in the world, a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)

   俄語／俄语  ―  Éyǔ  ―  Russian language

Compounds

• 俄國／俄国 (éguó)
• 俄國人／俄国人 (éguórén)
• 俄文 (éwén)
• 俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (éluósī)
• 俄羅斯人／俄罗斯人 (éluósīrén)
• 俄羅斯族／俄罗斯族 (éluósīzú)
• 俄語／俄语 (éyǔ)
• 俄里 (élǐ)
• 帝俄 (Dì'é)
• 日俄戰爭／日俄战争
• 沙俄 (Shā'é)
• 白俄 (bái'é)
• 白俄羅斯／白俄罗斯 (Bái'éluósī)
• 蘇俄／苏俄 (Sū'é)
• 赤俄 (chì'é)

 

References

• “俄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

俄

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

• Go-on: が (ga)
• Kan-on: が (ga)
• Kun: にわか (niwaka, 俄)^{←にはか (nifaka, 俄, historical)}

Compounds

Compounds

• 俄然(がぜん) (gazen): suddenly, abruptly
• 俄雨(にわかあめ) (niwakaame): rain shower

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
俄
にわか Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 俄 – see the following entry.

【にわか】 [adjective] [from 790s] sudden, abrupt, unexpected, improvised, offhand [adjective] [from 759] suddenly serious (said of an illness; most often in the construction にわかになる (niwaka ni naru)) [adjective] [from early 1200s] temporary, makeshift, impermanent, ad hoc [noun] Short for 俄狂言 (niwaka kyōgen, “a farce; an impromptu comic interlude during a Noh play”). [noun] (by extension) any impromptu joke, witticism, or pun [noun] Short for 俄ファン (niwaka fan, “(Internet slang) bandwagon fan”). Alternative spelling 俄か

(This term, 俄, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
俄
が Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 俄 (MC nga).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡa̠]

Affix

俄(が) • (ga) 

1. sudden, abrupt, unexpected

Derived terms

• 俄然(がぜん) (gazen)

Korean

Hanja

俄 (eum 아 (a))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

俄: Hán Việt readings: nga (五(ngũ)何(hà)切(thiết))
俄: Nôm readings: nga, ngoa

1. chữ Hán form of Nga, nga (“Russia, Russian”).
2. chữ Hán form of nga (“sudden; in an instant”).

Compounds

• 㗂俄 (tiếng Nga)