炖煌

See also: 燉煌

Chinese edit

		phonetic
trad. (炖煌)		炖	煌
simp. ^#(炖煌)		炖	煌

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Dūnhuáng

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄣㄏㄨㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): deon¹ wong⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Dūnhuáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄣㄏㄨㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Dunhuáng
  - Wade–Giles: Tun¹-huang²
  - Yale: Dwūn-hwáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Duenhwang
  - Palladius: Дуньхуан (Dunʹxuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu̯ən⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: deon¹ wong⁴
  - Yale: dēun wòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: doen¹ wong⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: dên¹ wong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɵn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

Proper noun edit

炖煌

Misspelling of 燉煌.
- 本炖煌人，隨于法蘭過江 [MSC, trad.]
  本炖煌人，随于法兰过江 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 2011, 肖荣, 东晋南朝医学知识的新发展：以医家、病者为中心的研究 (Advancement of Medicine in East Jin and Southern Dynasties: Focusing on Medical Practitioners and Patients), in 中国社会历史评论, issue 00, page 26
  běn Dūnhuáng rén, suí Yú Fǎlán guò jiāng [Pinyin]
  A native of Dunhuang, he followed Yu Falan to cross the river
- 卷六《後漢》篇敘明帝時炖煌獻異瓜種，恆山獻巨桃核，瓜是崆峒靈瓜，西王母所遺；桃亦仙人所食。 [MSC, trad.]
  卷六《后汉》篇叙明帝时炖煌献异瓜种，恒山献巨桃核，瓜是崆峒灵瓜，西王母所遗；桃亦仙人所食。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 2016, 吕宗力, 王嘉的道教与谶纬思想, in 南都学坛（人文社会科学学报） [Academic Forum of Nandu (Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences)], issue 3, page 20
  Juǎn liù “Hòuhàn” piān xù Míngdì shí Dūnhuáng xiàn yì guā zhǒng, Héngshān xiàn jù táo hé, guā shì kōngdòng língguā, Xīwángmǔ suǒ yí; táo yì xiānrén suǒ shí. [Pinyin]
  Volume 6 "Later Han" says that during the era of Emperor Ming, Dunhuang presented the seed of an unusual melon and Mount Heng presented the pit of a huge peach; the melon was the immortal melon of Kongtong, left behind by the Queen Mother of the West; the peach was also eaten by immortals.
- 普通成書、甲骨、銘文、碑刻、木牘、帛書、炖煌遣書、金石拓本、圖、書札、字畫、寶鈔、誥命、文告等文獻 [MSC, trad.]
  普通成书、甲骨、铭文、碑刻、木牍、帛书、炖煌遣书、金石拓本、图、书札、字画、宝钞、诰命、文告等文献 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 2017, 杨思洛 and 冯雅, 古籍数据库移动应用服务现状与发展策略研究, in 知识管理论坛, issue 4, page 322
  pǔtōng chéngshū, jiǎgǔ, míngwén, bēikè, mùdú, bóshū, Dūnhuáng qiǎnshū, jīnshí tuòběn, tú, shūzhá, zìhuà, bǎochāo, gàomìng, wéngào děng wénxiàn [Pinyin]
  Documents, including normal intact books, oracle bones, bronze inscriptions, stele inscriptions, wooden slip inscriptions, silk manuscripts, Dunhuang manuscripts, stone rubbings of epigraphs, pictures, letters, calligraphic works and paintings, banknotes, imperial mandates and proclamations

Usage notes edit

In simplified Chinese, this word should generally be written as 敦煌. The Table of General Standard Chinese Characters (通用规范汉字表) does not officially simplify 燉 to 炖. However, this form commonly occurs in many simplified versions of texts originally in traditional Chinese since 燉 is more commonly used as a traditional form of 炖 when meaning “to stew”.