瓜
See also: 爪
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han characterEdit
瓜 (radical 97 瓜+0, in Chinese 5 strokes, in Japanese 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹女戈人 (HVIO), four-corner 72230)
- Kangxi radical #97, ⽠.
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 746, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21371
- Dae Jaweon: page 1154, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2654, character 1
- Unihan data for U+74DC
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
瓜 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | 苽 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 瓜 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (瓜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 瓜 | *kʷraː |
| 坬 | *kʷraːs |
| 窊 | *qʷraː, *qʷraːs |
| 畖 | *qʷraː |
| 搲 | *qʷraːs |
| 攨 | *qʷraːs |
| 孤 | *kʷaː |
| 苽 | *kʷaː |
| 胍 | *kʷaː |
| 泒 | *kʷaː |
| 呱 | *kʷaː |
| 觚 | *kʷaː |
| 柧 | *kʷaː |
| 罛 | *kʷaː |
| 軱 | *kʷaː |
| 菰 | *kʷaː |
| 箛 | *kʷaː |
| 狐 | *ɡʷaː |
| 弧 | *ɡʷlaː |
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaa1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kôa
- Min Bei (KCR): guá
- Min Dong (BUC): guă
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): ko (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚ
- Wade-Giles: kua1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gua
- IPA (key): /ku̯a̠⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: gua1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gua
- IPA (key): /kua⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: gwaa1
- Yale: gwā
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwaa1
- Guangdong Romanization: gua1
- IPA (key): /kʷɑː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kôa
- Hakka Romanization System: gua´
- Hagfa Pinyim: gua1
- IPA: /ku̯a²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: guá
- IPA (key): /kua⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: guă
- IPA (key): /kua⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
Note: koe - vernacular, koa - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: guê1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kue
- IPA (key): /kue³³/
- (Teochew)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: ko (T1)
- IPA (key): /ko⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 瓜 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kua⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /kua⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /kuɑ²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /kua²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /kua²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /kua²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /kua²¹/ | |
| Xining | /kua⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /kua⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /kua³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /kua⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /kua⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /kua⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /kua⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /kua̠⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /kuɑ³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /kua²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kua¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /kuɑ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /kua³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ko⁵³/ /kua⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /ko⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /kuɑ³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /kuo³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /kua³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /kuːə¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kua³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /kuɒ³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kuɑ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kua⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /kuɑ²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kwa⁵⁵/ |
| Nanning | /kʷa⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /kwa⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /kua⁵⁵/ /kue⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /kua⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /kua⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /kue³³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /kue²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 瓜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (99) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古華切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kˠua/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kʷᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kua/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kwaɨ/ |
| Li Rong |
/kua/ |
| Wang Li |
/kwa/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kwa/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
guā |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 瓜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
guā |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ kwæ › |
| Old Chinese |
/*kʷˤra/ |
| English | melon, gourd |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 瓜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4340 |
| Phonetic component |
瓜 |
| Rime group |
魚 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
瓜 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kʷraː/ |
DefinitionsEdit
瓜
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 瓜
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JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
瓜
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
ReadingsEdit
- Goon: け (ke)←くゑ (kwe, historical)
- Kan’on: か (ka)←くわ (kwa, historical)
- Kun: うり (uri, 瓜)
CompoundsEdit
EtymologyEdit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 瓜 |
| うり Jinmeiyō |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, compiled some time after 759 CE.
Possibly derived as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 熟る (uru, “to ripen”), modern form 熟れる (ureru).
Possibly cognate with Korean 오이 (oi, “cucumber”); compare other terms in the Japonic family, such as Kikai 瓜 (ui) and Yoron 瓜 (ui).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
瓜 (hiragana うり, katakana ウリ, rōmaji uri)
Usage notesEdit
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as ウリ.
IdiomsEdit
Idioms
- 瓜の蔓には茄子はならぬ (uri no tsuru ni wa nasubi wa naranu): “an eggplant won't grow on a gourd vine” → like father, like son, or the apple does not fall far from the tree
- 瓜を二つに割ったよう (uri o futatsu ni watta yō), 瓜を二つに割りたる如し (uri o futatsu ni waritaru gotoshi): “like a gourd split in two” → like two peas in a pod
- 瓜二つ (uri futatsu): “two gourds” → like two peas in a pod
- 瓜を二つに割らずそのまま (uri o futatsu ni warazu sono mama): “like a gourd that hasn't even been split in two” → like two peas in a pod, more emphatically
ReferencesEdit
KikaiEdit
KanjiEdit
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with mainland Japanese 瓜 (uri, “gourd, squash, melon”).
NounEdit
CompoundsEdit
KoreanEdit
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.