Wiktionary

核

See also: 覈
核 U+6838, 核
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6838
← 样
[U+6837] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 根 →
[U+6839]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

核 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木卜女人 (DYVO), four-corner 40982, composition ⿰木亥)

Derived characters edit

Related characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 524, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14743
  • Dae Jaweon: page 912, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1206, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6838

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (亥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
該 *kɯː
垓 *kɯː
賅 *kɯː
陔 *kɯː
豥 *kɯː, *ɡɯː
荄 *kɯː, *krɯː
郂 *kɯː
姟 *kɯː
絯 *kɯː, *ɡrɯːʔ
晐 *kɯː
峐 *kɯː
侅 *kɯː, *kʰɯː, *ɡɯːʔ, *ɡrɯːʔ
胲 *kɯː
頦 *kɯːʔ, *ɡɯː
奒 *kʰɯː
輆 *kʰɯːʔ
欬 *kʰɯːɡs, *qraːds
硋 *ŋɡɯːɡs
閡 *ŋɡɯːɡs
咳 *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː
孩 *ɡɯː
亥 *ɡɯːʔ
劾 *ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ
痎 *krɯː
烗 *kʰrɯːɡs
骸 *ɡrɯː
駭 *ɡrɯːʔ
刻 *kʰɯːɡ
餩 *qɯːɡ
核 *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) – a kind of tree. Modern meanings are borrowed.

Etymology 1 edit

The definitions related to “to examine” come from the “kernel” sense, i.e. “to go to the core” (Schuessler, 2007).

Generally thought to be of Sino-Tibetan origin. It has been compared to Tibetan རག་ཙེ (rag tse), Karbi rak (Gong, 2002; Schuessler, 2007). However, Hill (2012) rejects the connection to the Tibetan word because most words ending with ཙེ (tse) are loanwords from Chinese words ending with the 子 suffix.

Smith (2011) groups this word with the following terms into a word family meaning “root, germ, generative core”:

  • 荄 (OC *kɯː, “grassroot”) and its derivative 根 (OC *kɯːn, “root”),
  • 骸 (OC *ɡrɯː, “(human) bones”) (also noted by Schuessler, 2007),
  • 孩 (OC *ɡɯː, “child”),
  • 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ, “sprouting stage”), i.e. "the moon’s first appearance" > "twelfth earthly branch".

Pronunciation 1 edit

simp. and trad.
 核
alternative forms 𣝗

Note:
  • wat6 - “seed; kernel”;
  • hat6 - “nucleus; nuclear”.
Note:
  • fu̍t - “seed; kernel”;
  • ha̍k - only in 核卵.
Note: geh5 - used in 核桃.
Note:
  • hu̍t - vernacular (“seed”);
  • ha̍t - vernacular (“swelling in the lymph glands”);
  • he̍k/hia̍k/he̍rt - literary.
Note: hug8 - “seed”.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 核
Mandarin Beijing /xɤ³⁵/
Harbin /xɤ²⁴/
Tianjin /xɤ⁴⁵/ ～算
/xu⁴⁵/ 棗～兒
Jinan /xə⁴²/
Qingdao /xɛ⁴²/ ～心
/xuə⁴²/ ～桃
Zhengzhou /xai⁴²/
Xi'an /xai²¹/ ～算
/xu²⁴/ 桃～儿
Xining /xɛ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /xa¹³/ ～算
/xɛ¹³/ ～算
/xə¹³/ ～算
/xɯ¹³/ ～桃
Lanzhou /xə⁵³/
/xu⁵³/
Ürümqi /xɤ⁵¹/
/xu⁵¹/
Wuhan /xɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /xe³¹/
Guiyang /xɛ²¹/
Kunming /xə³¹/
Nanjing /xəʔ⁵/
Hefei /xɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /xəʔ²/ ～算
/kəʔ⁵⁴/ ～桃
Pingyao /kʌʔ⁵³/ ～桃
/kʰʌʔ¹³/ 審～
Hohhot /xaʔ⁴³/ ～算
/xu³¹/ 棗～子
Wu Shanghai /ɦəʔ¹/
/ŋəʔ¹/
/ɦuəʔ¹/
Suzhou /ŋəʔ³/
Hangzhou /ɦɑʔ²/
Wenzhou /jy²¹³/
Hui Shexian /xɛʔ²¹/ ～對
/xɛ²²/ 山～桃
Tunxi /xə¹¹/
/uən²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /xə²⁴/
Xiangtan /hæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /hɛʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /hak̚⁵/
Taoyuan /het̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɐt̚²/ ～對
/wɐt̚²/ 桃～
Nanning /wɐt̚²²/
Hong Kong /hɐt̚²/ ～對
/wɐt̚²/ 桃～
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hik̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /houʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xo⁴⁴/ 名
/xɛ²⁴/ 動
Shantou (Teochew) /hek̚²/
/huk̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hut̚⁵/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 核
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hé
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hɛk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ˁ<r>ək/
English kernel fruit; scrutinize

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 核
Reading # 1/2
No. 4334
Phonetic
component 		骨
Rime
group 		物
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		搰
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡuːd/
Notes 𣝗字訓讀
Definitions edit

核

  1. seed; pit; stone; kernel; core; nut (Classifier: 粒 c)
    𦧲核 [Cantonese]  ―  loe1 wat6 [Jyutping]  ―  to spit out seeds
  2. (computing) -core
    See also: 核心
    4核  ―  4-hé  ―  quad-core
  3. (physics, chemistry, biology) nucleus
  4. (physics) nuclear
  5. (mathematics, algebra, linear algebra) kernel
Synonyms edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

simp. and trad.
 核
alternative forms 覈

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 核
Mandarin Beijing /xɤ³⁵/
Harbin /xɤ²⁴/
Tianjin /xɤ⁴⁵/ ～算
/xu⁴⁵/ 棗～兒
Jinan /xə⁴²/
Qingdao /xɛ⁴²/ ～心
/xuə⁴²/ ～桃
Zhengzhou /xai⁴²/
Xi'an /xai²¹/ ～算
/xu²⁴/ 桃～儿
Xining /xɛ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /xa¹³/ ～算
/xɛ¹³/ ～算
/xə¹³/ ～算
/xɯ¹³/ ～桃
Lanzhou /xə⁵³/
/xu⁵³/
Ürümqi /xɤ⁵¹/
/xu⁵¹/
Wuhan /xɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /xe³¹/
Guiyang /xɛ²¹/
Kunming /xə³¹/
Nanjing /xəʔ⁵/
Hefei /xɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /xəʔ²/ ～算
/kəʔ⁵⁴/ ～桃
Pingyao /kʌʔ⁵³/ ～桃
/kʰʌʔ¹³/ 審～
Hohhot /xaʔ⁴³/ ～算
/xu³¹/ 棗～子
Wu Shanghai /ɦəʔ¹/
/ŋəʔ¹/
/ɦuəʔ¹/
Suzhou /ŋəʔ³/
Hangzhou /ɦɑʔ²/
Wenzhou /jy²¹³/
Hui Shexian /xɛʔ²¹/ ～對
/xɛ²²/ 山～桃
Tunxi /xə¹¹/
/uən²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /xə²⁴/
Xiangtan /hæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /hɛʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /hak̚⁵/
Taoyuan /het̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɐt̚²/ ～對
/wɐt̚²/ 桃～
Nanning /wɐt̚²²/
Hong Kong /hɐt̚²/ ～對
/wɐt̚²/ 桃～
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hik̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /houʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xo⁴⁴/ 名
/xɛ²⁴/ 動
Shantou (Teochew) /hek̚²/
/huk̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hut̚⁵/
Rime
Character 核
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 耕 (119)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 下革切
Baxter heak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦˠɛk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦᵚæk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣɐk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦəɨjk̚/
Li
Rong 		/ɣɛk̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɣæk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɣæk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hé
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hak6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 核
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hé
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hɛk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ˁ<r>ək/
English kernel fruit; scrutinize

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 核
Reading # 2/2
No. 4843
Phonetic
component 		亥
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		覈
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡrɯːɡ/
Definitions edit

核

  1. to examine; to check; to verify
  2. rigorous; detailed; reliable
Usage notes edit

Compounds edit

Etymology 2 edit

simp. and trad.
 核

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

核

  1. a kind of tree
  2. Alternative form of 荄 (gāi)

Etymology 3 edit

simp. and trad.
 核

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

核

  1. eaves of a house

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

核

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Pronunciation edit

Kanji in this term
核
かく
Grade: S
on’yomi

Noun edit

核(かく) • (kaku) 

  1. atomic nucleus
  2. (algebra) kernel
  3. (astronomy) core, nucleus
  4. cell nucleus

Synonyms edit

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja edit

核 • (haek, hol) (hangeul 핵, 홀, revised haek, hol, McCune–Reischauer haek, hol, Yale hayk, hol)

  1. (atomic) nucleus

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

核: Hán Nôm readings: hạch

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References edit

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