sumo

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sumo"

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 相(す)撲(もう) (sumō).

Pronunciation

• enPR: so͞o'mō, IPA^(key): /ˈsuːməʊ/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uːməʊ

Noun

sumo (countable and uncountable, plural sumo or sumos)

Sumo wrestlers gathering in a circle.

1. (uncountable) A stylised Japanese form of wrestling in which a wrestler loses if he is forced from the ring, or if any part of his body except the soles of his feet touches the ground.
2. (countable, colloquial) A rikishi (sumo wrestler)

Derived terms

• kanjin-sumo
• sumo deadlift
• sumo squat

Translations

form of wrestling

• Arabic: سُومُو m (sūmū)
• Armenian: սումո (hy) (sumo)
• Belarusian: сумо́ n (sumó)
• Bengali: সুমো (śumō)
• Bulgarian: сумо́ (sumó)
• Burmese: ဆူမို (hcumui)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 相撲 / 相扑 (zh) (xiāngpū)

• Esperanto: sumoo
• Finnish: sumopaini (fi), sumo (fi)
• French: sumo (fr) m
• Georgian: სუმო (sumo)
• German: Sumo n
• Greek: σούμο (el) n (soúmo)
• Hindi: सूमो (sūmo)
• Hungarian: szumó (hu), szumóbirkózás
• Icelandic: súmóglíma f
• Indonesian: sumo (id)
• Italian: sumo (it) m
• Japanese: 相撲 (ja) (すもう, sumō)
• Korean: 스모 (seumo)
• Malay: sumo (ms)
• Malayalam: സുമോ (sumō)
• Marathi: सुमो (sumo)
• Mongolian: сумо (mn) (sumo), сүмо (sümo)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: sumo (no) m

  Nynorsk: sumo m

• Persian: سومو (sumô)
• Polish: sumo (pl) n
• Portuguese: sumô (pt) m (Brazil), sumo (pt) m (Portugal)
• Russian: сумо́ (ru) n (sumó)
• Spanish: sumo (es) m
• Swedish: sumobrottning c
• Tagalog: sumo
• Tamil: சுமோ (cumō)
• Thai: ซูโม่ (suu-môo)
• Ukrainian: сумо́ n (sumó)

sumo wrestler

• Esperanto: sumoisto
• Finnish: sumopainija (fi)
• French: sumotori (fr) m
• Hungarian: szumóbirkózó
• Indonesian: pesumo (id)
• Japanese: 力士 (ja)
• Mongolian: сумоч (sumoč)
• Polish: sumita (pl) m
• Swedish: sumobrottare c

Anagrams

• MOUs, MoUs, Mous, muso, soum

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈsu.mu]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Valencia) [ˈsu.mo]

Verb

sumo

1. first-person singular present indicative of sumar

Cebuano

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: su‧mo

Adjective

sumo

1. monotonous; tedious, repetitious or lacking in variety
2. slow-burning

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

sumo (accusative singular sumon, plural sumoj, accusative plural sumojn)

1. sum

Finnish

Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese. Compare English sumo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsumo/, [ˈs̠umo̞]
• Rhymes: -umo
• Hyphenation^(key): su‧mo

Noun

sumo

1. (sports) sumo (wrestling style of Japanese origin)

Declension

Inflection of sumo (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		sumo	sumot
genitive		sumon	sumojen
partitive		sumoa	sumoja
illative		sumoon	sumoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		sumo	sumot
accusative	nom.	sumo	sumot
	gen.	sumon
genitive		sumon	sumojen
partitive		sumoa	sumoja
inessive		sumossa	sumoissa
elative		sumosta	sumoista
illative		sumoon	sumoihin
adessive		sumolla	sumoilla
ablative		sumolta	sumoilta
allative		sumolle	sumoille
essive		sumona	sumoina
translative		sumoksi	sumoiksi
abessive		sumotta	sumoitta
instructive		—	sumoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of sumo (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative sumoni sumoni accusative nom. sumoni sumoni gen. sumoni genitive sumoni sumojeni partitive sumoani sumojani inessive sumossani sumoissani elative sumostani sumoistani illative sumooni sumoihini adessive sumollani sumoillani ablative sumoltani sumoiltani allative sumolleni sumoilleni essive sumonani sumoinani translative sumokseni sumoikseni abessive sumottani sumoittani instructive — — comitative — sumoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative sumosi sumosi accusative nom. sumosi sumosi gen. sumosi genitive sumosi sumojesi partitive sumoasi sumojasi inessive sumossasi sumoissasi elative sumostasi sumoistasi illative sumoosi sumoihisi adessive sumollasi sumoillasi ablative sumoltasi sumoiltasi allative sumollesi sumoillesi essive sumonasi sumoinasi translative sumoksesi sumoiksesi abessive sumottasi sumoittasi instructive — — comitative — sumoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative sumomme sumomme accusative nom. sumomme sumomme gen. sumomme genitive sumomme sumojemme partitive sumoamme sumojamme inessive sumossamme sumoissamme elative sumostamme sumoistamme illative sumoomme sumoihimme adessive sumollamme sumoillamme ablative sumoltamme sumoiltamme allative sumollemme sumoillemme essive sumonamme sumoinamme translative sumoksemme sumoiksemme abessive sumottamme sumoittamme instructive — — comitative — sumoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative sumonne sumonne accusative nom. sumonne sumonne gen. sumonne genitive sumonne sumojenne partitive sumoanne sumojanne inessive sumossanne sumoissanne elative sumostanne sumoistanne illative sumoonne sumoihinne adessive sumollanne sumoillanne ablative sumoltanne sumoiltanne allative sumollenne sumoillenne essive sumonanne sumoinanne translative sumoksenne sumoiksenne abessive sumottanne sumoittanne instructive — — comitative — sumoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative sumonsa sumonsa accusative nom. sumonsa sumonsa gen. sumonsa genitive sumonsa sumojensa partitive sumoaan sumoansa sumojaan sumojansa inessive sumossaan sumossansa sumoissaan sumoissansa elative sumostaan sumostansa sumoistaan sumoistansa illative sumoonsa sumoihinsa adessive sumollaan sumollansa sumoillaan sumoillansa ablative sumoltaan sumoltansa sumoiltaan sumoiltansa allative sumolleen sumollensa sumoilleen sumoillensa essive sumonaan sumonansa sumoinaan sumoinansa translative sumokseen sumoksensa sumoikseen sumoiksensa abessive sumottaan sumottansa sumoittaan sumoittansa instructive — — comitative — sumoineen sumoinensa

Derived terms

compounds

• sumopaini
• sumopainija

Further reading

• “sumo”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sy.mo/, /su.mo/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

sumo m (plural sumos)

1. sumo
2. sumotori

Galician

Verb

sumo

1. first-person singular present indicative of sumir

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 相撲 (すもう, sumō).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /su.mo/
• Hyphenation: su‧mo

Verb

sumo

1. (sports) sumo (Japanese traditional wrestling).

Derived terms

• pesumo (a sumo wrestler)

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsu.mo/
• Rhymes: -umo
• Hyphenation: sù‧mo

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Japanese 相撲 (sumō).

Noun

sumo m (invariable)

1. sumo (Japanese wrestling)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

sumo

1. first-person singular present indicative of sumere

Anagrams

• muso, musò

Ladino

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish çumo, from Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic زُوم (zūm, “juice, sap”), from Ancient Greek ζωμός (zōmós).

Noun

sumo m (Hebrew spelling סומו)

1. juice (liquid from a plant)
   • 2003, “Sefárdica”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), numbers 14–16, Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Cultura Sefaradí, page 71:

     Otras biviendas eran los shurbetes (¹²) (şerbet en turko) de agua i sumo de fruta, i sovre todo de vijna, i la subiá (sübiye en turko) (o pipitada en djudeo‐espanyol), echa del sumo de las pipitas de melón sekadas i molidas, i metidas en mojo en agua en un panyo.

     Other beverages were sherbet (şerbet in Turkish) from water, fruit juice, and above all from cherries, and melon seed juice (sübye in Turkish, or pipitada in Judezmo), made from the juice of dried and ground melon kernels, and dipped in fabric in water.

Alternative forms

• zumo

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

sumo

1. first-person singular present indicative of sumar
2. third-person singular preterite indicative of sumar

Latin

Etymology

From *susmō from *subs(e)mō, from sub- +‎ emō (“to buy, take”), with excrescent p in sūmpsī and sūmptum.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsuː.moː/, [ˈs̠uːmoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsu.mo/, [ˈsuːmo]

Verb

sūmō (present infinitive sūmere, perfect active sūmpsī, supine sūmptum); third conjugation

1. to take, take up, catch, assume, seize, claim, arrogate
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.537–538:

     parva mora est, caelum vātēs ac nūmina sūmit
     fitque suī tōtō pectore plēna deī

     There is a brief pause; the prophetess assumes the divine powers of heaven, and in all her soul she is made full of her deity.
     (The prophetess is Carmenta.)

2. to undertake, begin, enter upon
3. to exact satisfaction, inflict punishment
4. to choose, select
5. to obtain, acquire, receive, get, take
6. to use, apply, employ, spend, consume
7. to adopt; borrow
8. to buy, purchase

   Synonyms: coëmō, comparo, emo

   Antonyms: addico, dēferō, vendo

9. to accept, presuppose, establish as a principle
10. to fascinate, charm
11. to put on

    Synonyms: indūcō, induō, saepiō, vēlō

    Antonyms: exuō, nūdō, spoliō

12. to take heart

Conjugation

   Conjugation of sūmō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	sūmō		sūmis		sūmit		sūmimus		sūmitis		sūmunt
	imperfect	sūmēbam		sūmēbās		sūmēbat		sūmēbāmus		sūmēbātis		sūmēbant
	future	sūmam		sūmēs		sūmet		sūmēmus		sūmētis		sūment
	perfect	sūmpsī		sūmpsistī		sūmpsit		sūmpsimus		sūmpsistis		sūmpsērunt, sūmpsēre
	pluperfect	sūmpseram		sūmpserās		sūmpserat		sūmpserāmus		sūmpserātis		sūmpserant
	future perfect	sūmpserō		sūmpseris		sūmpserit		sūmpserimus		sūmpseritis		sūmpserint
	sigmatic future1	sūrempsō		sūrempsis		sūrempsit		sūrempsimus		sūrempsitis		sūrempsint
passive	present	sūmor		sūmeris, sūmere		sūmitur		sūmimur		sūmiminī		sūmuntur
	imperfect	sūmēbar		sūmēbāris, sūmēbāre		sūmēbātur		sūmēbāmur		sūmēbāminī		sūmēbantur
	future	sūmar		sūmēris, sūmēre		sūmētur		sūmēmur		sūmēminī		sūmentur
	perfect	sūmptus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	sūmptus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	sūmptus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	sūmam		sūmās		sūmat		sūmāmus		sūmātis		sūmant
	imperfect	sūmerem		sūmerēs		sūmeret		sūmerēmus		sūmerētis		sūmerent
	perfect	sūmpserim		sūmpserīs		sūmpserit		sūmpserīmus		sūmpserītis		sūmpserint
	pluperfect	sūmpsissem		sūmpsissēs		sūmpsisset		sūmpsissēmus		sūmpsissētis		sūmpsissent
	sigmatic aorist1	sūrempsim		sūrempsīs		sūrempsīt		sūrempsīmus		sūrempsītis		sūrempsint
passive	present	sūmar		sūmāris, sūmāre		sūmātur		sūmāmur		sūmāminī		sūmantur
	imperfect	sūmerer		sūmerēris, sūmerēre		sūmerētur		sūmerēmur		sūmerēminī		sūmerentur
	perfect	sūmptus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	sūmptus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		sūme		—		—		sūmite		—
	future	—		sūmitō		sūmitō		—		sūmitōte		sūmuntō
passive	present	—		sūmere		—		—		sūmiminī		—
	future	—		sūmitor		sūmitor		—		—		sūmuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		sūmere			sūmī			sūmēns			—
future		sūmptūrum esse			sūmptum īrī			sūmptūrus			sūmendus, sūmundus
perfect		sūmpsisse			sūmptum esse			—			sūmptus
future perfect		—			sūmptum fore			—			—
perfect potential		sūmptūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		sūmendī		sūmendō		sūmendum		sūmendō		sūmptum		sūmptū

¹At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

Synonyms

• (seize): apprehendō, comprehendō, dēprehendō, prehendō, prehēnsō, teneō, capiō, arripiō
• (acquire): acquīrō, adipīscor, cōnsequor, parō, pariō, lucror, impetrō, mereō, teneō, emō, comparō, apīscor, obtineō, conciliō, nancīscor, potior, inveniō, colligō, alliciō
• (begin): incohō, exōrdior, occipiō, incipiō, coepiō, ōrdior, initiō, ineō, ingredior, aggredior, committō, exorior, moveō, mōlior
• (accept): accipio, recipio, ascīscō, concipio
• (select): dēsūmō, dēligō, ēligō, adoptō, optō, sēpōnō legō, dēstinō, capiō, creō
• (assume): adhibeō, assūmō, adoptō, suscipiō, induō, accipiō, indūcō, ineō, aggredior
• (undertake): ineo, obeo
• (use): utor, adhibeō, occupō, ūsūrpō, vēscor
• (consume): abutor, accido

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “begin”): subsistō, dēsistō, cessō, remittō
• (antonym(s) of “acquire”): āmittō

Derived terms

• absūmō
• adsūmō
• assūmō
• cōnsūmō
• dēsūmō
• īnsūmō
• praesūmō
• resūmō
• subsūmō
• sūmptiō
• sūmptitō
• sūmptus
• trānsūmō

Descendants

• Borrowed:
  • → Catalan: sumir
  • → Italian: sumere
• Inherited: (all meaning 'submerge' or similar)
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: somir, sumir
    • Galician: sumir
    • Portuguese: sumir
  • Old Spanish: somir, sumir
    • Spanish: sumir

References

• “sumo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “sumo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• sumo in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• sumo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to require, give, take time for deliberation: tempus (spatium) deliberandi or ad deliberandum postulare, dare, sibi sumere
    
  • to take something into one's hands: in manus(m) sumere aliquid
    
  • to take poison: venenum sumere, bibere
    
  • to commence a thing: initium facere, ducere, sumere (alicuius rei)
    
  • to choose one from a large number of instances: ex infinita exemplorum copia unum (pauca) sumere, decerpere (eligere)
    
  • to take a lesson from some one's example: sibi exemplum sumere ex aliquo or exemplum capere de aliquo
    
  • to derive an argument from a thing: argumentum ducere, sumere ex aliqua re or petere ab aliqua re
    
  • to assume a thing: sumere (opp. reicere) aliquid
    
  • to take up a book in one's hands: librum in manus sumere
    
  • to be haughty: magnos spiritus sibi sumere (B. G. 1. 33)
    
  • to take upon oneself: sibi sumere aliquid (Planc. 1. 3)
    
  • to assume the toga virilis: togam virilem (puram) sumere
    
  • to take food: cibum sumere, capere
    
  • to borrow money from some one: pecuniam mutuari or sumere mutuam ab aliquo
    
  • to assume a despotic tone: regios spiritus sibi sumere
    
  • to exact a penalty from some one: supplicium sumere de aliquo
    
  • to execute the death-sentence on a person: supplicium sumere de aliquo
    
  • to take up one's arms: arma capere, sumere
    
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

Polish

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 相撲 (sumō).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsu.mɔ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -umɔ
• Syllabification: su‧mo

Noun

sumo n (indeclinable)

1. sumo

Derived terms

noun

• sumita

Further reading

• sumo in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• sumo in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈsũ.mu/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈsũ.mu/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈsu.mo/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈsu.mu/

• Rhymes: -umu
• Hyphenation: su‧mo

Etymology 1

sumo

Borrowed from Latin summus.

Adjective

sumo (feminine suma, masculine plural sumos, feminine plural sumas)

1. highest, greatest

Derived terms

• sumamente

Noun

sumo m (plural sumos)

1. summit, top

   Synonyms: cume, cimo

Etymology 2

sumo

From Old Galician-Portuguese çumo, from Arabic زُوم (zūm, “juice, sap”), from Ancient Greek ζωμός (zōmós). Cognate of Galician zume and Spanish zumo.

Noun

sumo m (plural sumos)

1. (Portugal) juice

   Synonym: (Brasil) suco

Etymology 3

sumo

Borrowed from Japanese 相撲 (sumō, “to mutually rush at”).

Alternative forms

• sumô (Brazil)

Noun

sumo m (uncountable) (European Portuguese spelling)

1. (martial arts) sumo

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

sumo

1. first-person singular present indicative of sumir

Further reading

• “sumo”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsumo/ [ˈsu.mo]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -umo
• Syllabification: su‧mo
• Homophone: (Latin America) zumo

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin summus. Compare the inherited Old Spanish somo, cf. also Spanish somero.

Adjective

sumo (feminine suma, masculine plural sumos, feminine plural sumas)

1. highest, greatest, superlative

   Caifás era sumo sacerdote.

   Caiaphas was the high priest.

2. utmost

   Synonym: máximo

Derived terms

• a lo sumo
• suma sacerdotisa
• sumamente
• sumo sacerdote

Related terms

• somero
• suma
• sumidad

Etymology 2

Verb

sumo

1. first-person singular present indicative of sumar

Etymology 3

Verb

sumo

1. first-person singular present indicative of sumir

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Japanese 相撲 (sumō, “to mutually rush at”).

Noun

sumo m (uncountable)

1. (martial arts) sumo

   Hypernym: deporte de combate

Further reading

• “sumo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10