腫

See also: 肿

腫	U+816B, 腫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-816B

← 腪
[U+816A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

腬 →
[U+816C]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

腫 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月竹十土 (BHJG), four-corner 7221₄, composition ⿰月重)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 989, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29697
Dae Jaweon: page 1441, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2096, character 15
Unihan data for U+816B

ChineseEdit

trad.		腫
simp.		肿

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 腫
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (重) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
撞	rdoːŋ, rdoːŋs
幢	rdoːŋ, rdoːŋs
橦	rdoːŋ, doːŋ, *tjoŋ
噇	*rdoːŋ
𩪘	*rdoːŋ
艟	rdoːŋs, tʰjoŋ
憧	rdoːŋs, tʰjoŋ
畽	tʰoːnʔ, tʰuːnʔ
董	*toːŋʔ
蕫	toːŋʔ, doːŋ
箽	*toːŋʔ
懂	*toːŋʔ
湩	toːŋs, tuːŋʔ, *toŋs
曈	tʰoːŋ, tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
童	*doːŋ
僮	*doːŋ
瞳	*doːŋ
罿	doːŋ, tʰjoŋ
犝	*doːŋ
潼	doːŋ, tʰjoŋ
穜	doːŋ, doŋ
動	*doːŋʔ
慟	*doːŋs
堹	*toŋs
諥	*toŋs
蹱	tʰoŋ, tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ
重	doŋ, doŋʔ, *doŋs
緟	doŋ, doŋs
蝩	*doŋ
褈	doŋ, tʰjoŋ
鐘	tjoŋ, tjoŋ
鍾	*tjoŋ
籦	*tjoŋ
種	tjoŋʔ, tjoŋs
腫	*tjoŋʔ
踵	*tjoŋʔ
歱	*tjoŋʔ
喠	tjoŋʔ, tʰjoŋʔ
偅	*tjoŋs
衝	*tʰjoŋ
揰	*tʰjoŋs
尰	*djoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tjoŋʔ): semantic 肉 (“meat, flesh”) + phonetic 重 (OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhǒng (zhong³)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zung²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): zuung²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chúng
Min Dong (BUC): cṳ̄ng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chióng / chéng

(Teochew, Peng'im): zêng²
Wu (Wiktionary): ²tson

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhǒng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhǒng
  - Wade–Giles: chung³
  - Yale: jǔng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joong
  - Palladius: чжун (čžun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zung²
  - Yale: júng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung²
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: zuung²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chúng
  - Hakka Romanization System: zung`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zung³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ³¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cṳ̄ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chióng
  - Tâi-lô: tsióng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciorng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chéng
  - Tâi-lô: tsíng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeang
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Singapore): /t͡seŋ⁴²/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁵³/

Note:

chióng - literary;
chéng - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zêng²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tséng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seŋ⁵²/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: ²tson
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕɨoŋ^X/

Rime
Character	腫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	之隴切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨoŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕioŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕioŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuawŋ^X/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕioŋ^X/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭwoŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯woŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*toŋʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjoŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	腫
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǒng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyowng^X ›
Old Chinese	/*toŋʔ/
English	swell, swollen; tumor
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	腫
Reading #	1/1
No.	17472
Phonetic component	重
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	腫
Old Chinese	/*tjoŋʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

腫

to be swollen; to swell

CompoundsEdit

卵巢囊腫／卵巢囊肿 (luǎncháo nángzhǒng)
惡性腫瘤／恶性肿瘤 (èxìng zhǒngliú)
打腫臉龐／打肿脸庞
擁腫／拥肿
水腫／水肿 (shuǐzhǒng)
浮腫／浮肿 (fúzhǒng)
消腫／消肿 (xiāozhǒng)
無名腫毒／无名肿毒
甲狀腺腫／甲状腺肿 (jiǎzhuàngxiànzhǒng)
癰腫／痈肿
紅腫／红肿 (hóngzhǒng)

肝腫大／肝肿大
肺囊腫／肺囊肿
肺氣腫／肺气肿 (fèiqìzhǒng)
脾腫／脾肿
腦腫瘤／脑肿瘤
腫噲／肿哙
腫塊／肿块 (zhǒngkuài)
腫大／肿大 (zhǒngdà)
腫瘍／肿疡 (zhǒngyáng)
腫瘤／肿瘤 (zhǒngliú)
腫脹／肿胀 (zhǒngzhàng)

腫餃／肿饺
腫骨鹿／肿骨鹿
膿腫／脓肿 (nóngzhǒng)
臃腫／臃肿 (yōngzhǒng)
良性腫瘤／良性肿瘤 (liángxìng zhǒngliú)
血腫／血肿 (xuèzhǒng)
關節腫大／关节肿大
骨腫瘤／骨肿瘤
麥粒腫／麦粒肿 (màilìzhǒng)
鼻青臉腫／鼻青脸肿 (bíqīngliǎnzhǒng)

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

腫

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

tumor, growth; swelling

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: しゅ (shu, Jōyō)
Kan-on: しょう (shō)
Kun: はれる (hareru, 腫れる, Jōyō); はらす (harasu, 腫らす, Jōyō); はれもの (haremono, 腫)

EtymologyEdit

Kanji in this term
腫
しゅ Grade: S
on’yomi

NounEdit

腫(しゅ) • (shu)

tumor, growth

SuffixEdit

腫(しゅ) • (-shu)

tumor
type of cancer

KoreanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Chinese 腫 (MC t͡ɕɨoŋ^X).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	죠ᇰ〯 (Yale: cyǒng)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527^[1]	브을 (Yale: pùùl)	죠ᇰ〯 (Yale: cyǒng)

PronunciationEdit

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞(ː)ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [종(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

HanjaEdit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

腫

Wikisource

腫 (eumhun 부스럼 종 (buseureom jong))

Hanja form^? of 종 (“tumour”).

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

암종 (癌腫, amjong)
종양 (腫瘍, jong'yang)
종기 (腫氣, jonggi)
근종 (筋腫, geunjong)
육아종 (肉芽腫, yugajong)
결핵종 (結核腫, gyeolhaekjong)

ReferencesEdit

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

腫: Hán Nôm readings: thũng, sũng, thõng, thủng, thuỗn, sõng

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