葡

葡	U+8461, 葡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8461

Translingual edit

Stroke order

Han character edit

葡 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 廿心戈月 (TPIB), four-corner 4422₇, composition ⿱艹匍)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1045, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31430
Dae Jaweon: page 1506, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3253, character 6
Unihan data for U+8461

Chinese edit

trad.		葡
simp. ^#		葡

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (甫) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
豧	pʰoːs, pʰa, *pʰas
縛	baːɡs, baɡ
逋	*paː
餔	paː, baːs
晡	*paː
庯	*paː
陠	paː, pʰaː
鵏	paː, baːs
峬	*paː
誧	paː, pʰaː, pʰaːʔ, pʰaːs
秿	paː, pʰa, *baʔ
鯆	paː, pʰaː, *paʔ
補	*paːʔ
圃	paːʔ, paːs
鋪	pʰaː, pʰaːs, *pʰa
痡	pʰaː, pʰa
浦	*pʰaːʔ
烳	*pʰaːʔ
溥	pʰaːʔ, paːɡ
悑	*pʰaːs
酺	*baː
匍	*baː
蜅	baː, paʔ
脯	baː, paʔ
葡	*baː
蒱	*baː
蒲	*baː
簿	baːʔ, baːɡ
捕	*baːs
哺	*baːs
簠	pa, paʔ, *pʰas
甫	*paʔ
黼	*paʔ
莆	*paʔ
俌	paʔ, pʰaʔ
郙	paʔ, pʰa
傅	*paɡs
搏	paɡs, paːɡ, *pʰaːɡ
麱	*pʰa
尃	*pʰa
榑	*ba
輔	*baʔ
鬴	*baʔ
賻	*baɡs
博	*paːɡ
髆	*paːɡ
鎛	*paːɡ
猼	*paːɡ
餺	*paːɡ
簙	*paːɡ
鑮	paːɡ, baːɡ
欂	paːɡ, baɡ, *breːɡ
蒪	*pʰaːɡ
膊	*pʰaːɡ
薄	*baːɡ
礡	*baːɡ

Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 匍 (OC *baː).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): pú (pu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pu²
Cantonese (Jyutping): pou⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pô͘ / phû / phô / phô͘
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶bu; ⁸beq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pú
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pú
  - Wade–Giles: pʻu²
  - Yale: pú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pwu
  - Palladius: пу (pu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: pu²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: pou⁴
  - Yale: pòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: pou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰou̯²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pô͘
  - Tâi-lô: pôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poo
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /pɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɔ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phû
  - Tâi-lô: phû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phuu
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰu²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /pʰu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phô
  - Tâi-lô: phô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phooi
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɤ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰo¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰo²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phô͘
  - Tâi-lô: phôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phoo
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɔ¹³/

Note:

pô͘ - literary;
phû/phô/phô͘ - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶bu; ⁸beq
  - MiniDict: bu^去; beh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³bu; ⁵beq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bu²³/, /bəʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese: bu

Rime
Character	葡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	薄胡切
Baxter	bu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/buo/
Pan Wuyun	/buo/
Shao Rongfen	/bo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bɔ/
Li Rong	/bo/
Wang Li	/bu/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pou⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*baː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	葡
Reading #	1/1
No.	3439
Phonetic component	甫
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	酺
Old Chinese	/*baː/
Notes	古作蒲，今分化字

Definitions edit

葡

Used in 葡萄 (pútáo, “grape”) and related terms.
Short for 葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá, “Portugal”).
1. (chiefly Cantonese, by extension, in compounds) Macau
  葡幣／葡币 [Cantonese] ― pou⁴ bai⁶ [Jyutping] ― Macanese pataca
  
  葡汁 [Cantonese] ― pou⁴ zap¹ [Jyutping] ― Portuguese sauce (a kind of sauce in Macanese cuisine)

Compounds edit

山葡萄
新葡 (xīnpú)
海葡萄
瑣瑣葡萄／琐琐葡萄
癩葡萄／癞葡萄
紅葡萄藤／红葡萄藤
綠葡萄／绿葡萄
葡京 (Pújīng)
葡國／葡国 (Púguó)
葡幣／葡币 (Púbì)
葡提子
葡撻／葡挞 (pútà)
葡文 (púwén)
葡桃 (pútáo)
葡汁 (púzhī)
葡萄 (pútáo)
葡萄乾／葡萄干 (pútáogān)
葡萄宮／葡萄宫
葡萄柚 (pútáoyòu)
葡萄架
葡萄深碧
葡萄灰
葡萄炸彈／葡萄炸弹
葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá)
葡萄球菌 (pútáo qiújūn)
葡萄糖 (pútáotáng)
葡萄紫
葡萄綠／葡萄绿
葡萄胎 (pútáotāi)
葡萄褐
葡萄酒 (pútáojiǔ)
葡語／葡语 (púyǔ)
野葡萄

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

葡

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings edit

Go-on: ぶ (bu)
Kan-on: ほ (ho)

Etymology edit

Kanji in this term
葡
ぽ Jinmeiyō
irregular

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [po̞]

Affix edit

葡(ポ) • (po)

Short for ポルトガル／葡萄牙 (“Portugal (a country in Europe)”).

Korean edit

Hanja edit

葡 (eum 포 (po))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

葡: Hán Nôm readings: bồ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.