See also: and
U+4ECA, 今
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4ECA

[U+4EC9]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4ECB]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
Mainland China
 
Stroke order
All regions except mainland China
 

Alternative formsEdit

  • In all regions except mainland China, the stroke between 𠆢 and for (and its derived characters) is written with a horizontal line.
  • In mainland China (based on Xin Zixing standardized form), the stroke between 𠆢 and for (and its derived characters) is written with a slanting dot instead.
  • In the historical Kangxi dictionary, the component below 𠆢 is written followed by 𠃍 instead.

Han characterEdit

(Kangxi radical 9, +2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓 (OIN) or 人一弓 (OMN), four-corner 80207, composition(G) or ⿱(HTJKV))

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 91, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 358
  • Dae Jaweon: page 194, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 105, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4ECA

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
               





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogram (指事) – in the mouth. The derivative (OC *ɡɯːm) refers to the original word.

Etymology 1Edit

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms 𫢉
⿱𠆢𬼽
⿱𠆢下

Etymology not clear. The word's root may be (OC *ɡɯ, “this”) (Schuessler, 2007).

PronunciationEdit


Note:
  • kin - vernacular;
  • kim - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (28)
    Final () (140)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kˠiɪm/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kᵚim/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kiem/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kjim/
    Li
    Rong
    /kjəm/
    Wang
    Li
    /kĭĕm/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ki̯əm/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    jīn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    gam1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    jīn
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ kim ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[k]r[ə]m/
    English now

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 6599
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*krɯm/
    Notes

    DefinitionsEdit

    1. now; at present; current
        ―  jīntiān  ―  the current day; today
      以後以后  ―  cóngjīnyǐhòu  ―  from now onwards.
      Synonym: 現在现在 (xiànzài)
    2. modern times
      古往古往  ―  gǔwǎngjīnlái  ―  from ancient to modern times.
      Synonym: 現代现代 (xiàndài)
      Antonym: ()
    3. this
        ―  jīn xià  ―  this summer
      [Cantonese]  ―  gam1 ci3 [Jyutping]  ―  this time
      Synonyms: (), (zhè)
    4. (literary) thus; promptly
      Synonyms: (), 立刻 (lìkè)
    5. (literary) if
      Synonyms: (ruò), 假如 (jiǎrú)
    6. a surname
    SynonymsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Etymology 2Edit

    trad.
    simp. #
    alternative forms


    Teochew
    This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
    Particularly: “from ?”

    PronunciationEdit


    DefinitionsEdit

    1. (Min Nan, Puxian Min) now
    2. (Min Nan) then; in that case
    SynonymsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    Alternative formsEdit

    KanjiEdit

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. now; at present

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    Kanji in this term
    いま
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *ema.

    PronunciationEdit

    AdverbEdit

    (いま) (ima

    1. now
    2. just now
    3. soon
      Synonyms: すぐ (sugu, soon), すぐに (sugu ni, immediately)

    NounEdit

    (いま) (ima

    1. now; present
      (いま)()きる
      ima o ikiru
      live in the now
      (いま)はもうない。
      Ima wa mō nai.
      It does not exist any more. (lit. "now it is already none.")
    2. just now
      Synonym: さっき
      (いま)(こえ)
      ima no koe
      that voice just now
      なんだったんだろう、(いま)の。
      Nan datta n darō, ima no.
      What was that just now…?

    SynonymsEdit

    Derived termsEdit

    PrefixEdit

    (こん) (kon-

    1. (temporal) this
      (こん)世紀(せいき)最大(さいだい)危機(きき)
      kon-seiki saidai no kiki
      greatest danger of this century
      (こん)シーズン
      kon-shīzun
      this season

    Proper nounEdit

    (こん) (Kon

    1. a surname

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
    2. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    From Middle Chinese (MC kˠiɪm). Recorded as Middle Korean ⿱𠆢𬼽/ (kum) (Yale: kum) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    PronunciationEdit

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 이제 (ije geum))

    1. (literary) Hanja form? of (this).
    2. (literary) Hanja form? of (now; at present).

    CompoundsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    : Hán Việt readings: kim[1][2][3], câm (()(ngâm)(thiết))[1][2]
    : Nôm readings: kim[1][2][4][5], câm[1][2], căm[1], cầm[1], ngấm[1]

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    ReferencesEdit