食物

Chinese

		eat; food; to feed eat; food; to feed; animal feed	thing; object; matter
trad. (食物)		食	物
simp. #(食物)		食	物
anagram		物食

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shíwù

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sik⁶ mat⁶

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̍t-vu̍t

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sed⁶ vud⁶

• Jin (Wiktionary): seh⁵ veh⁴
• Eastern Min (BUC): sĭk-ŭk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chia̍h-mi̍h / chia̍h-mn̍gh / si̍t-bu̍t

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ziah⁸ muêh⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸zeq-veq₈

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shíwù → shíwu (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄨˋ → ㄕˊ ˙ㄨ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shíhwů
    • Wade–Giles: shih²-wu⁵
    • Yale: shŕ-wu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr.wuh
    • Palladius: шиу (šiu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ u⁵¹/ → /ʂʐ̩³⁵ u³/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 什物 實務／实务 實物／实物 拾物 時務／时务 食物

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sik⁶ mat⁶
    • Yale: sihk maht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sik⁹ mat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: xig⁶ med⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪk̚² mɐt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍t-vu̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: siid vud
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sid⁶ vud⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨt̚⁵ vut̚⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sed⁶ vud⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /sət̚⁵ ʋut̚⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: seh⁵ veh⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /səʔ⁵⁴ vəʔ²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭk-ŭk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siʔ⁵⁻³³ uʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Philippines, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chia̍h-mi̍h
    • Tâi-lô: tsia̍h-mi̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciaqmih
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sia(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ mĩʔ¹²¹/
    • IPA (Philippines): /t͡sia(ʔ)²⁴⁻² miʔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /t͡sia(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ mĩʔ⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chia̍h-mn̍gh
    • Tâi-lô: tsia̍h-mn̍gh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciaqmngh
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sia(ʔ)²⁴⁻² mŋ̍ʔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sia(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍ʔ⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍t-bu̍t
    • Tâi-lô: si̍t-bu̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sidbut
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ but̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sit̚⁴⁻³² but̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚²⁴⁻² but̚²⁴/

Note:

• chia̍h-mn̍gh/chia̍h-mi̍h - colloquial;
• si̍t-bu̍t - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ziah⁸ muêh⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsia̍h mue̍h
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siaʔ⁴⁻² mueʔ⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁸zeq-veq₈
    • MiniDict: zeh^入 veh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵zeq-veq₅
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zəʔ¹¹ vəʔ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: zyik mjut

Rime
Character	食	物
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	船 (27)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	職 (134)	物 (60)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	乗力切	文弗切
Baxter	zyik	mjut
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑɨk̚/	/mɨut̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑɨk̚/	/miut̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑiek̚/	/miuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑik̚/	/mut̚/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiək̚/	/miuət̚/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭək̚/	/mĭuət̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯ək̚/	/mi̯uət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shí	wù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sik6	mat6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-lək  C.mut/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljɯɡ  mɯd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	食	物
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shí	wù
Middle Chinese	‹ zyik ›	‹ mjut ›
Old Chinese	/*mə-lək/	/*C.mut/
English	eat	thing
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	食	物
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	11477	13218
Phonetic component	食	勿
Rime group	職	物
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime		物
Old Chinese	/*ɦljɯɡ/	/*mɯd/

Noun

食物

1. food

Usage notes

There is no exact equivalent for English food in Chinese. The most generic term for food is 食物 (shíwù). Use 食品 (shípǐn) for food products, 菜餚／菜肴 (càiyáo) for dishes of food, 美食 (měishí) when the taste of the food is emphasised and 吃的 (chīde) in colloquial contexts. For food as in cuisine, consider 菜 (cài) or 料理 (liàolǐ).

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 食物 (“food”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		食物
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		食物
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	吃食, 吃兒
	Taiwan	食物
	Harbin	食物
	Singapore	食物
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	食物, 食品
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	吃的
	Xi'an	吃的
	Xining	吃食
	Xuzhou	吃食
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	吃的, 吃頭
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	吃的, 吃貨
	Wuhan	吃食
	Guiyang	吃的
	Guilin	吃的
	Liuzhou	吃的東西, 食物
Cantonese	Hong Kong	嘢食, 食物
Gan	Pingxiang	吃食
Hakka	Meixian	食物
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	食物
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	食物
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	食物
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	食物
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	食物
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	食物
Huizhou	Jixi	食品
Jin	Taiyuan	食物
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	食其乇
Southern Min	Xiamen	食物, 物食, 食食
	Quanzhou	食物, 食食
	Zhangzhou	食物, 物食, 食食
	Tainan	食物, 物食
	Singapore (Hokkien)	食食, 物食
	Manila (Hokkien)	食物, 食食
	Leizhou	物食
	Haikou	物食
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	食物
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	食物
Wu	Shanghai	吃個物事
	Shanghai (Chongming)	吃食物事
Xiang	Loudi	吃個

Derived terms

• 保護食物／保护食物
• 副食物
• 原型食物 (yuánxíng shíwù)
• 垃圾食物 (lājī shíwù)
• 太空食物
• 科技食物
• 食物中毒 (shíwù zhòngdú)
• 食物療法／食物疗法
• 食物網／食物网 (shíwùwǎng)
• 食物里程 (shíwù lǐchéng)
• 食物鏈／食物链 (shíwùliàn)
• 鹽漬食物／盐渍食物

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (食物):

• → Japanese: 食物(しょくもつ) (shokumotsu)
• → Korean: 식물(食物) (singmul)

See also

• 食料 (shíliào)
• 食品 (shípǐn)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
食	物
しょく Grade: 2	もつ Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 食物 (zyik mjut, literally “eat + thing”). Possible alteration from strict goon reading jikimotsu, changing goon jiki for kan'on shoku.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しょくもつ [shòkúꜜmòtsù] (Nakadaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [ɕo̞kɯ̟mo̞t͡sɨ]

Noun

食(しょく)物(もつ) • (shokumotsu) ^{←しよくもつ (syokumotu)?}

1. food, foodstuff
2. (more broadly) food and drink

Synonyms

• 食品(しょくひん) (shokuhin)
• 食(た)べ物(もの) (tabemono)

Derived terms

• 食物繊維(しょくもつせんい) (shokumotsu sen'i): dietary fiber
• 食物連鎖(しょくもつれんさ) (shokumotsu rensa): a food chain

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
食	物
じき Grade: 2	もつ Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 食物 (zyik mjut, literally “eat + thing”). Possible original reading.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じきもつ [jìkíꜜmòtsù] (Nakadaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑikʲimo̞t͡sɨ]

Noun

食(じき)物(もつ) • (jikimotsu) 

1. (rare) food, foodstuff

Usage notes

The shokumotsu reading is more common.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
食	物
しょく Grade: 2	ぶつ Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Chinese 食物 (shíwù). Possible reborrowing, or change influenced by later contact with China after borrowing of earlier goon reading jikimotsu.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しょくぶつ [shòkúꜜbùtsù] (Nakadaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [ɕo̞kɯ̟bɯ̟t͡sɨ]

Noun

食(しょく)物(ぶつ) • (shokubutsu) ^{←しよくぶつ (syokubutu)?}

1. (rare) food, foodstuff

Usage notes

The shokumotsu reading is more common. The shokubutsu reading is generally avoided, due to the potential for confusion with the more-common term 植物 (shokubutsu, “plant, plant life”).

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
食	物
た(べ) Grade: 2	もの Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Compound of 食べ (tabe, “stem noun form of verb 食べる (taberu, “to eat”): eating”) +‎ 物 (mono, “thing”).

For disambiguation, this is more commonly written with the okurigana べ in the middle as 食べ物.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) たべもの [tàbémóꜜnò] (Nakadaka – [3])
• (Tokyo) たべもの [tàbéꜜmònò] (Nakadaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [ta̠be̞mo̞no̞]

Noun

食(たべ)物(もの) • (tabemono) 

1. 食べ物: food in general; a specific food; one's diet

   See 食べ物 for more detail.

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
食	物
く(い) Grade: 2	もの Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Compound of 食い (kui, “stem noun form of informal verb 食う (kuu, “to eat”): eating”) +‎ 物 (mono, “thing”).

For disambiguation, this is more commonly written with the okurigana い in the middle as 食い物.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) くいもの [kùímóꜜnò] (Nakadaka – [3])
• (Tokyo) くいもの [kùímónóꜜ] (Odaka – [4])
• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟imo̞no̞]

Noun

食(くい)物(もの) • (kuimono) ^{←くひもの (kufimono)?}

1. 食い物: food; a sexual partner; a patsy, someone tricked into being used for someone else's gain

   See 食い物 for more detail.

Verb

食(くい)物(もの)する • (kuimono suru) ^{←くひもの (kufimono)?}suru (stem 食(くい)物(もの)し (kuimono shi), past 食(くい)物(もの)した (kuimono shita))

1. 食い物: to cook, to prepare food

   See 食い物 for more detail.

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
食	物
く(らい) Grade: 2	もの Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Compound of 食らい (kurai, “stem noun form of informal verb 食らう (kurau, “to eat, to drink”): eating, drinking”) +‎ 物 (mono, “thing”).

For disambiguation, this is more commonly written with the okurigana らい in the middle as 食らい物.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ɾa̠imo̞no̞]

Noun

食(くらい)物(もの) • (kuraimono) ^{←くらひもの (kurafimono)?}

1. (rare, possibly obsolete) 食らい物: food and beverage

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
食	物
は(み) Grade: 2	もの Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Compound of 食み (hami, “stem noun form of verb 食む (hamu, “to chew; to eat; to suck down; to incur a loss”): eating”) +‎ 物 (mono, “thing”).

For disambiguation, this is written with the okurigana み in the middle as 食み物.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ha̠mʲimo̞no̞]

Noun

食(はみ)物(もの) • (hamimono) 

1. (rare, possibly obsolete) 食み物: food; more specifically, fodder or feed for animals

Synonyms

• (fodder, animal food): 餌(えさ) (esa)

Etymology 8

Kanji in this term
食	物
お(し) Grade: 2	もの Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Compound of 食し (oshi, “stem noun form of honorific verb 食す (osu, “to eat, to drink”, honorific): eating, drinking”) +‎ 物 (mono, “thing”).

For disambiguation, this is written with the okurigana し in the middle as 食し物.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [o̞ɕimo̞no̞]

Noun

食(おし)物(もの) • (oshimono) ^{←をしもの (wosimono)?}

1. (rare, possibly obsolete, formal honorific) 食し物: (rare) food and beverage