弗

弗 U+5F17, 弗 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F17 ← 弖 [U+5F16] CJK Unified Ideographs 弘 → [U+5F18]

See also: 𢎵

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

弗 (radical 57 弓+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中中弓 (LLN), four-corner 5502₇, composition ⿻⿰丿丨弓)

1. not, negative

Derived charactersEdit

• 㔗, 佛, 沸, 𠔘, 𡗻, 𡘉, 𡛯, 𡶒, 𢂀, 𢏇, 𢒍, 𢘍, 𣭘, 𣲴, 𤝟, 𤤖, 𤫰, 𥘬 𥿏, 𦕚, 𦨡, 𧉸, 𧙂, 𧠤, 𧿳, 𨚓, 𨚭

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 356, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9708
• Dae Jaweon: page 673, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 990, character 9
• Unihan data for U+5F17

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ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		弗

Glyph originEdit

Pictogram (象形) – two arrows, tied together to be straightened.

Later borrowed phonetically to mean “no”. The derivative 拂 stands for the original word in Modern Chinese.

EtymologyEdit

See etymology of 不.

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fú (fu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fat¹
• Min Nan (POJ): hut

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: fú
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ
    • Wade-Giles: fu²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwu
    • IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: fat¹
    • Yale: fāt
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fat⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: fed¹
    • IPA ^(key): /fɐt̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hut
    • Tâi-lô: hut
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hud
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hut̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hut̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hut̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hut̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hut̚³²/

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• Middle Chinese: /pɨut̚/▼

Rime
Character	弗
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	物 (60)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	分勿切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨut̚/
Pan Wuyun	/piut̚/
Shao Rongfen	/piuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/put̚/
Li Rong	/piuət̚/
Wang Li	/pĭuət̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯uət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fu

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*p[u]t/, /*put/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pɯd/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	弗	弗	弗
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fú	fú	fú
Middle Chinese	‹ pjut ›	‹ pjut ›	‹ pjut ›
Old Chinese	/*p[u]t/	/*put/	/*put/
English	(negation)	gust of wind	writing brush (pron. in Yān 燕, ap. Shuōwén, E. Hàn)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	弗
Reading #	1/1
No.	3313
Phonetic component	弗
Rime group	物
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	弗
Old Chinese	/*pɯd/

DefinitionsEdit

弗

1. (obsolete or dialectal) not.

Usage notesEdit

• In modern Chinese, This character is almost entirely used for phonetic translations. The character mainly represents the phoneme /f/ in word-final and preconsonantal positions.
• The characters 不 (bù) and 否 (fǒu) are far more commonly used to mean “no”.

ReferencesEdit

• (Min Nan) Kaifang Cidian

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

弗

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. fluorine
2. the dollar sign ($)

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: ほち (hochi) (rare)
• Kan’on: ふつ (futsu)
• Kun: ず (zu) (rare), どる (doru)

Etymology 1Edit

弗 (futsu): a sample of chilled liquid fluorine.

Kanji in this term
弗
ふつ Hyōgaiji
on'yomi

Originally borrowed from Middle Chinese 弗 (*pjut), meaning either “not” or “a gust of wind”. Apparently later repurposed during the later Edo period for its phonetic value (and possibly also for its “wind” → “gas” connotations) in translating the German Fluor (“fluorine”).

The modern Mandarin 氟 (fú, “fluorine”) appears to be a more recent invention based on this Japanese usage, adding the radical 气.

PronunciationEdit

• On’yomi: Kan’on
• IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]

AffixEdit

弗 (hiragana ふつ, katakana フツ, rōmaji futsu)

1. (chemistry, chemical elements) fluorine, fluoride

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

• 弗化 (ふっか, ​fukka): fluoridation; fluoro-, fluor-; fluorinated
• 弗化カルシウム (ふっかカルシウム, ​fukka karushiumu): calcium fluoride, CaF2
• 六弗化リン酸リチウム (ろくふっかりんさんりちうむ, ​roku fukka rinsan richiumu): lithium hexafluorophosphate
• 弗化水素 (ふっかすいそ, ​fukka suiso): hydrogen fluoride, HF
• 弗化水素酸 (ふっかすいそさん, ​fukka suiso san): hydrofluoric acid
• 弗化物 (ふっかぶつ, ​fukkabutsu): fluoride
• 六弗化硫黄 (ろくふっかいおう, ​ろくふっかいおう): sulfur hexafluoride
• 弗酸 (ふっさん, ​fussan): short for 弗化水素酸 (​fukka suiso san): hydrofluoric acid
• 弗素 (ふっそ, ​fusso): fluorine, F

Purely phonetic uses:

• 阿弗利加, 亜弗利加 (アフリカ, ​Afurika): Africa
• 阿弗利加系亜米利加人 (アフリカけいアメリカじん, ​Afurika-kei Amerikajin): an African American (person)
• 阿弗利加野驢馬 (アフリカのろば, ​Afurika noroba): the African wild ass: Equus africanus

Usage notesEdit

Seldom used. In chemistry contexts, almost always spelled in katakana as フツ, appearing in most compounds as フッ. This is probably a reflection of this term's roots as a 外来語 (gairaigo, “word borrowed from another language”).

Etymology 2Edit

弗 (doru): evolution of the dollar symbol for both the United States and (now obsolete) Spanish dollar.

Kanji in this term
弗
どる Hyōgaiji
kun'yomi

Repurposed for its visual similarity to the dollar symbol $. This reading is ultimately a borrowing from Dutch dollar.

PronunciationEdit

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) ド​ル [dóꜜrù] (Atamadaka - [1])
• IPA^(key): [do̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Alternative formsEdit

• ドル, ㌦

SymbolEdit

弗 (katakana ドル, rōmaji doru)

1. a dollar

Usage notesEdit

Occasionally seen, but more often encountered in the katakana spelling of ドル.

ReferencesEdit

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

弗 • (bul) (hangeul 불, revised bul, McCune-Reischauer pul, Yale pul)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
2. Repurposed for its visual similarity to the dollar symbol $.

ReferencesEdit

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

弗 (phất)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.