弗
See also: 𢎵
| ||||||||
Translingual Edit
| Stroke order (Sans-serif) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
.gif)
| |||
Han character Edit
弗 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中中弓 (LLN), four-corner 55027, composition ⿻⿰丿丨弓)
Derived characters Edit
References Edit
- KangXi: page 356, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9708
- Dae Jaweon: page 673, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 990, character 9
- Unihan data for U+5F17
Chinese Edit
| simp. and trad. |
弗 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin Edit
| Historical forms of the character 弗 | |
|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions |
|
|
Pictogram (象形) – two arrows, tied together to be straightened.
Later borrowed phonetically to mean “no”. The derivative 拂 (OC *pʰɯd) stands for the original word.
Etymology 1 Edit
- not (verb) him/her/it
- Fusion of 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', “not”) with 之 (OC *tjɯ, “third-person pronoun”) (Schuessler, 2007). The glyph conflated with 不 (MC pjuw|pjuwX|pjut) by the Han times, due to naming taboo. Its colloquial reading survives in the latter. See etymology of 不 for more.
Pronunciation Edit
Definitions Edit
弗
- (Classical Chinese or Wu) not
- Synonym: 勿 (8veq) (Wu)
- 對弗起／对弗起 [Suzhounese] ― Sorry
- 一簞食，一豆羹，得之則生，弗得則死。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Yī dān sì, yī dòu gēng, dé zhī zé shēng, fú dé zé sǐ. [Pinyin]
- Here are a small basket of rice and a platter of soup; getting them will enable survival, while not getting them will result in death.
一箪食，一豆羹，得之则生，弗得则死。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- Used in 弗弗.
- Alternative form of 祓 (fú)
- † to straighten; to correct
- Used in transcription.
Synonyms Edit
Usage notes Edit
- In modern Standard Chinese, this character is almost entirely used for phonetic translations. The character mainly represents the phoneme /f/ in word-final and preconsonantal positions.
- The characters 不 (bù) and 否 (fǒu) are far more commonly used to mean “no”.
- In lects such as Shanghainese or Ningbonese, the character 勿 is more commonly used. It also has the tone sandhi pattern of a light deparing (陽去／阳去 (yángqù)) tone.
Compounds Edit
Etymology 2 Edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 弗 – see 費 (“to cost; to spend; to expend; to consume; to use; to exhaust; etc.”). (This character, 弗, is the second-round simplified form of 費.) |
Notes:
|
Japanese Edit
Kanji Edit
弗
Readings Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 弗 |
| ふつ Hyōgaiji |
| kan’on |
Originally borrowed from Middle Chinese 弗 (*pjut), meaning either “not” or “a gust of wind”. Apparently later repurposed during the later Edo period for its phonetic value in translating the Dutch fluor (“fluorine”).
Pronunciation Edit
Affix Edit
Usage notes Edit
Seldom used. In chemistry contexts, almost always spelled in katakana as フツ, appearing in most compounds as フッ.
Derived terms Edit
Derived terms
- 弗化 (ふっか, fukka): fluoridation; fluoro-, fluor-; fluorinated
- 弗化カルシウム (ふっかカルシウム, fukka karushiumu): calcium fluoride, CaF2
- 六弗化リン酸リチウム (ろくふっかりんさんりちうむ, roku fukka rinsan richiumu): lithium hexafluorophosphate
- 弗化水素 (ふっかすいそ, fukka suiso): hydrogen fluoride, HF
- 弗化水素酸 (ふっかすいそさん, fukka suiso san): hydrofluoric acid
- 弗化物 (ふっかぶつ, fukkabutsu): fluoride
- 六弗化硫黄 (ろくふっかいおう, ろくふっかいおう): sulfur hexafluoride
- 弗酸 (ふっさん, fussan): short for 弗化水素酸 (fukka suiso san): hydrofluoric acid
- 弗素 (ふっそ, fusso): fluorine, F
Purely phonetic uses:
Etymology 2 Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 弗 |
| どる Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
Glyph origin Edit
Repurposed for its visual similarity to the dollar symbol $. This reading is ultimately borrowed from Dutch dollar.[1][2]
Definitions Edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 弗 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 弗, is an alternative spelling (obsolete) of the above term.) |
References Edit
Korean Edit
Hanja Edit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}. - Repurposed for its visual similarity to the dollar symbol $.[1]
References Edit
Vietnamese Edit
Han character Edit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.