東西
See also: 东西
Contents
ChineseEdit
east | west | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (東西) | 東 | 西 | |
simp. (东西) | 东 | 西 |
EtymologyEdit
Unknown. Plenty of theory exists.
Pronunciation 1Edit
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ ㄒㄧ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dongshi
- IPA (key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: dung1 sai1
- Yale: dūng sāi
- Cantonese Pinyin: dung1 sai1
- Guangdong Romanization: dung1 sei1
- IPA (key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng-sî
- Hakka Romanization System: dung´ xi´
- Hagfa Pinyim: dung1 xi1
- IPA: /tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɕi²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 東 | 西 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 端 (5) | 心 (16) |
Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 齊 (39) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
Division (等) | I | IV |
Fanqie | 德紅切 | 先稽切 |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/tuŋ/ | /sei/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/tuŋ/ | /sei/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/tuŋ/ | /sɛi/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/təwŋ/ | /sɛj/ |
Li Rong |
/tuŋ/ | /sei/ |
Wang Li |
/tuŋ/ | /siei/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/tuŋ/ | /siei/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
dōng | xī |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Character | 東 | 西 | 西 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
dōng | xī | xī |
Middle Chinese |
‹ tuwng › | ‹ sej › | ‹ sej › |
Old Chinese |
/*tˤoŋ/ (< *tˤoŋʔ ?) | /*s-nˤər/ | /*s-nˤər/ |
English | east | west | west |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 東 | 西 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
No. | 2435 | 13236 |
Phonetic component |
東 | 西 |
Rime group |
東 | 微 |
Rime subdivision |
0 | 1 |
Corresponding MC rime |
東 | 西 |
Old Chinese |
/*toːŋ/ | /*sɯːl/ |
Notes | 種(種籽)初文,甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽,參敕字陳字注 |
NounEdit
東西
AdverbEdit
東西
See alsoEdit
- 南北 (nánběi)
Pronunciation 2Edit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): dung1 sai1
- Gan (Wiktionary): dung1 xi
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tûng-sî
- Jin (Wiktionary): dung1 xi3
- Min Nan (POJ): tong-si
- Xiang (Wiktionary): dong1 si
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ ˙ㄒㄧ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dong.shi
- IPA (key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi²/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: dung1 sai1
- Yale: dūng sāi
- Cantonese Pinyin: dung1 sai1
- Guangdong Romanization: dung1 sei1
- IPA (key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: dung1 xi
- IPA (key): /tuŋ⁴² ɕi²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng-sî
- Hakka Romanization System: dung´ xi´
- Hagfa Pinyim: dung1 xi1
- IPA: /tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɕi²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: dung1 xi3
- IPA (old-style): /tũŋ¹¹ ɕi⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Min Nan
- Xiang
NounEdit
東西
- (chiefly Mandarin, Gan, Hakka, Jin, Xiang) something; thing; stuff (Classifier: 個/个; 件; 樣/样)
- Referring to a person or animal with emotion.
SynonymsEdit
Dialectal synonyms of 東西 (“thing, object”) [map] | ||
---|---|---|
Variety | Location | Words |
Classical Chinese | 物 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 東西 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 東西 |
Jinan | 東西 | |
Xi'an | 東西 | |
Wuhan | 東西、家伙 | |
Chengdu | 東西 | |
Yangzhou | 東子、東西 | |
Hefei | 東西 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 嘢 |
Hong Kong | 嘢 | |
Taishan | 嘢 | |
Yangjiang | 嘢 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 東西 |
Hakka | Meixian | 東西 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 東西 | |
Liudui (S. Sixian) | 東西 | |
Hsinchu (Hailu) | 東西 | |
Dongshi (Dabu) | 東西 | |
Zhuolan (Raoping) | 東西 | |
Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 物件 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 東西 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 物事 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 乇 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 物件、物 |
Quanzhou | 物件 | |
Zhangzhou | 物件 | |
Taipei | 物件 | |
Kaohsiung | 物仔、物件 | |
Tainan | 物仔、物件 | |
Taichung | 物件 | |
Hsinchu | 物件 | |
Lukang | 物、物件 | |
Sanxia | 物件 | |
Yilan | 物仔、物件 | |
Kinmen | 物、物件 | |
Magong | 物、物件 | |
Philippines (Manila) | 物件 | |
Chaozhou | 物件、物 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 物事 |
Suzhou | 物事 | |
Wenzhou | 物事、物色、名堂 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 東西、家伙 |
Shuangfeng | 東西、家伙 |
Derived termsEdit
Usage notesEdit
- In Mandarin, whilst 東西/东西 can mean thing in either a physical or abstract sense, 事情 (shìqing) only means thing in an abstract sense.
JapaneseEdit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
東 | 西 |
とう Grade: 2 |
さい > ざい Grade: 2 |
on’yomi |
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 東西 (MC tuŋ sei). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) The sai of 西 changes to zai due to rendaku (連濁).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
東西 (hiragana とうざい, rōmaji tōzai)
- east and west
- (by extension) all over, here and there
- Orient and Occident
- (slang) a name of a good or money, originally a Chinese slang term
Derived termsEdit
- 古今東西 (kokontōzai, “all times and places”)
- 東西南北 (tōzainanboku, “east, west, south and north”)
- 東西冷戦 (tōzai reisen, “Cold War”)
Related termsEdit
InterjectionEdit
東西 (hiragana とうざい, rōmaji tōzai)