料理

Chinese

		material; stuff; grain material; stuff; grain; feed; to expect; to anticipate; to guess	to manage; to heed; to put in order to manage; to heed; to put in order; reason; logic; science; inner principle or structure
trad. (料理)		料	理
simp. #(料理)		料	理

Etymology

Attestable in imperial Chinese texts. In the sense of cuisine, borrowed from Japanese 料(りょ​う)理(り) (ryo​uri).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): liàolǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄠˋ ㄌㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): liu⁶ lei⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): liau-lî
• Min Nan (Hokkien, POJ): liāu-lí

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: liàolǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄠˋ ㄌㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: liàolǐ
    • Wade–Giles: liao⁴-li³
    • Yale: lyàu-lǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liawlii
    • Palladius: ляоли (ljaoli)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: liu⁶ lei⁵
    • Yale: liuh léih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: liu⁶ lei⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: liu⁶ léi⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːu̯²² lei̯¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liau-lî
    • Hakka Romanization System: liau li´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liau⁴ li¹
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯au̯⁵⁵ li²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liāu-lí
    • Tâi-lô: liāu-lí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liauxlie
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liau²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liau⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liau²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /liau³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liau³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/

Verb

料理

1. to arrange; to handle
2. to cook

Synonyms

• (to arrange):

• 備辦／备办 (Min Nan)
• 受理 (shòulǐ)
• 審理／审理 (shěnlǐ)
• 張羅／张罗
• 從事／从事 (cóngshì)
• 打理 (dǎlǐ)
• 操持 (cāochí)
• 擺劃／摆划 (bǎihua) (regional)
• 清理 (qīnglǐ)
• 理 (lǐ)
• 經辦／经办 (jīngbàn)
• 處分／处分 (chǔfèn) (literary)
• 處決／处决 (chǔjué)
• 處理／处理
• 處置／处置 (chǔzhì)
• 辦理／办理 (bànlǐ)

 

• (to cook):

• 做菜 (zuòcài)
• 做飯／做饭 (zuòfàn)
• 搣食 (Hakka)
• 烹調／烹调 (pēngtiáo)
• 烹飪／烹饪 (pēngrèn)
• 調羹／调羹 (tiáogēng) (literary, figurative)

 

Noun

料理

1. cuisine
2. art of cooking

Usage notes

There is no exact equivalent for English food in Chinese. The most generic term for food is 食物 (shíwù). Use 食品 (shípǐn) for food products, 菜餚／菜肴 (càiyáo) for dishes of food, 美食 (měishí) when the taste of the food is emphasised and 吃的 (chīde) in colloquial contexts. For food as in cuisine, consider 菜 (cài) or 料理 (liàolǐ).

Derived terms

• 料理店 (liàolǐdiàn)
• 日本料理 (Rìběn liàolǐ)
• 黑暗料理 (hēi'àn liàolǐ)

 

References

• (Min Nan) “Entry #6065”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
料	理
りょう Grade: 4	り Grade: 2
on’yomi

Alternative forms

• (honorific) お料(りょう)理(り) (o-ryōri)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) りょ​ーり [ryóꜜòrì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɾʲo̞ːɾʲi]

• (Kagoshima) IPA^(key): [d͡ʑui̯]

Noun

料(りょう)理(り) • (ryōri) ^{←れうり (reuri)?}

1. cooking

   料(りょう)理(り)を作(つく)る

   ryōri o tsukuru

   to make food

   中(ちゅう)華(か)料(りょう)理(り)を作(つく)る

   chūka ryōri o tsukuru

   to make Chinese food

   キャベツ料(りょう)理(り)

   kyabetsu ryōri

   cabbage dishes

   料(りょう)理(り)番(ばん)組(ぐみ)

   ryōri bangumi

   cooking show

   郷(きょう)土(ど)料(りょう)理(り)

   kyōdo ryōri

   local cuisine

Verb

料(りょう)理(り)する • (ryōri suru) ^{←れうり (reuri)?}transitive suru (stem 料(りょう)理(り)し (ryōri shi), past 料(りょう)理(り)した (ryōri shita))

1. to cook, to prepare (food)
2. to deal with, to handle

Conjugation

Conjugation of "料理する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	料理し	りょうりし	ryōri shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	料理し	りょうりし	ryōri shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	料理する	りょうりする	ryōri suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	料理する	りょうりする	ryōri suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	料理すれ	りょうりすれ	ryōri sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	料理せよ¹ 料理しろ²	りょうりせよ¹ りょうりしろ²	ryōri seyo¹ ryōri shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	料理される	りょうりされる	ryōri sareru
Causative	料理させる 料理さす	りょうりさせる りょうりさす	ryōri saseru ryōri sasu
Potential	料理できる	りょうりできる	ryōri dekiru
Volitional	料理しよう	りょうりしよう	ryōri shiyō
Negative	料理しない	りょうりしない	ryōri shinai
Negative continuative	料理せず	りょうりせず	ryōri sezu
Formal	料理します	りょうりします	ryōri shimasu
Perfective	料理した	りょうりした	ryōri shita
Conjunctive	料理して	りょうりして	ryōri shite
Hypothetical conditional	料理すれば	りょうりすれば	ryōri sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

• クッキング (kukkingu)

Derived terms

• 料(りょう)理(り)屋(や) (ryōriya): restaurant
• 料(りょう)理(り)人(にん) (ryōrinin): chef, cook
• 家(か)庭(てい)料(りょう)理(り) (katei ryōri): home cooking
• 日(に)本(ほん)料(りょう)理(り) (Nihon ryōri): Japanese cuisine
• 肉(にく)料(りょう)理(り) (nikuryōri): meat dishes
• 魚(さかな)料(りょう)理(り) (sakanaryōri): seafood dishes
• 卓(しっ)袱(ぽく)料(りょう)理(り) (shippoku ryōri): Japanese-Chinese cuisine
• 懐(かい)石(せき)料(りょう)理(り) (kaisekiryōri): kaiseki
• 精(しょう)進(じん)料(りょう)理(り) (shōjinryōri): Buddhist temple cuisine
• メイン料(りょう)理(り) (mein-ryōri): main course

See also

• 切(き)る (kiru): to cut
• 炒(いた)める (itameru): to stir-fry
• 焼(や)く (yaku): to bake, to fry
• 茹(ゆ)でる (yuderu): to boil
• 炙(あぶ)る (aburu): to scorch, to broil, to toast, to grill
• 煮(に)る (niru): to simmer
• 煮(に)込(こ)む (nikomu): to simmer away
• 蒸(む)す (musu): to steam
• 揚(あ)げる (ageru): to fry something in deep oil
• 混(ま)ぜる (mazeru): to stir, to mix
• 炒(い)る (iru), 煎(い)る (iru), 熬(い)る (iru): to fry, broil

Korean

Hanja in this term
料	理

Noun

料理 • (yori) (hangeul 요리)

1. Hanja form^? of 요리 (“cooking”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
料	理

Verb

料理

1. chữ Hán form of liệu lí (“to arrange”).