Talk:斗
The line "斗 (traditional 斗, pinyin dǒu (dou3), Wade-Giles tou3)" could be superfluous and partially incorrect. It is followed by the only slightly different line "斗 (traditional 鬥, pinyin dǒu (dou3), Wade-Giles tou3)". Since I am inferring this from common sense and only very basic knowledge of and about Mandarin Chinese, I call upon someone knowledgeable to either confirm or deny this.Redav (talk) 01:16, 17 January 2013 (UTC)
- I will work on this today. 129.78.32.24 01:36, 17 January 2013 (UTC)
- Done. 129.78.32.24 03:16, 17 January 2013 (UTC)
Version in Jan 2013:
Chinese
editGraphical etymology
editPictographic (Shuowen), indicating a ladle-shaped dou (see below) held by hand. Variant characters: 𤣫, 𠦁, 𣁬.
See 鬥 for its graphical etymology.
Derived characters: 阧, 抖, 呌, 斘, 枓, 炓, 钭, 鈄, 科, 蚪, 料, 紏, 酙, 斜, 斛, 斠, 斢, 斣, 斝, 斚, 乧, 閗, 鬦, 戽, 﨣, 魁, 斡.
Etymology
editPronunciations 1 ("dipper, ladle") and 2 ("water ladle") are cognate. Variant character: 枓 ("ladle"). They probably belong to the same word family as 注 (zhù < OC *tro-s (B-S) or *tjos (ZS), "to pour"), as a derived noun. Within Sino-Tibetan, compare Tibetan (deprecated template usage) ཆུ (chu), (deprecated template usage) འཆུ་བ ('chu ba), (deprecated template usage) བཅུས་པ (bcus pa).
Pronunciation 3 ("to fight") is probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daw (“defy, interfere, be at enmity with”), which is the source of Tibetan (deprecated template usage) སྡོ་བ (sdo ba) and Burmese (deprecated template usage) တော့ (tau.). 斗 (pronunciation 3) is also a variant form of 鬭 (dòu < OC *tˁok-s (B-S) or *toːɡs (ZS), "to meet, to encounter"), see there for more.
Hanzi
editPronunciation #1 ("dipper, ladle") | |
Old Chinese | /*toːʔ/ (Zhengzhang) /*tˁoʔ/ replace ˁ with ˤ, invalid IPA characters (ˁ) (Baxter-Sagart) |
Middle Chinese | /təuˣ/ |
Modern Mandarin [Beijing] | Pinyin: dǒu IPA: /toʊ̯²¹⁴/ |
Cantonese [Guangzhou] | Jyutping: dau2 IPA: /tɐu³⁵/ |
Wu [Shanghai] | /tɜ³⁴/ |
Min Nan [Taiwan] | táu (colloquial), tó͘ (literary) |
Korean: 두 Vietnamese: đẩu |
斗 (traditional 斗, Pinyin dǒu (dou3), Wade-Giles tou3)
- a dipper or cup-like object, used in ancient China as a wine vessel.
- a unit of measure based on dou.
- 升斗 ("sheng and dou, a small amount")
- a unit of dry measure (for grains, especially rice) roughly equal to 1 decaliter.
- any dou-shaped object; dipper, ladle.
- (刁斗) cauldron, cymbal
- (round or spiral shaped) fingerprint, dactylogram
- (枓, 斗拱) (architecture) the system of wood brackets on the top of a column supporting the crossbeam
- (figurative) small, short, narrow
- 斗室 ("small room")
- (figurative) big, high, to be full of
- 斗胆 ("venture; boldly")
- (北斗, 北斗七星) The Big Dipper, an asterism of seven stars.
- stars in general.
- 星斗 ("stars")
- (斗宿) The Dipper (Chinese constellation), one of the twenty-eight mansions of the Chinese constellations.
- (南斗) a subconstellation of the above mansion, consisting of six stars.
- (小北斗) The Little Dipper, a constellation of six stars.
- a Chinese constellation consisting of five stars.
- (斗姆) Doumu, a goddess in Taoism.
- Radical 68, a Chinese character radical.
- rebus character for 陡: steep, cliffy
- rebus character for 陡: suddenly, in a sudden
- rebus character for 抖: to tremble, to shake off
- see 科斗 (alternative form of 蝌蚪 ("tadpole")).
Pronunciation #2 ("water ladle") | |
Old Chinese | /*toʔ/ (Zhengzhang) /*toʔ/ (Baxter-Sagart) |
Middle Chinese | /ʨɨoˣ/ replace ʨ with t͡ɕ, invalid IPA characters (ʨ) |
Modern Mandarin [Beijing] | Pinyin: zhǔ IPA: /ʈʂu²¹⁴/ |
斗 (traditional 斗, Pinyin zhǔ (zhu3), Wade-Giles chu3)
- (枓) ladle or spoon used for scooping water.
- a unit of measure for liquids.
- rebus character for 主: master, God.
Pronunciation #3 ("to fight") | |
Old Chinese | /*toːɡs/ (Zhengzhang) /*tˁok-s/ replace ˁ with ˤ, invalid IPA characters (ˁ) (Baxter-Sagart, unlisted) |
Middle Chinese | /təuᴴ/ invalid IPA characters (ᴴ) |
Modern Mandarin [Beijing] | Pinyin: dòu IPA: /toʊ̯⁵¹/ Lua error in Module:parameters at line 331: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "zh-dòu.ogg" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. |
Cantonese [Guangzhou] | Jyutping: dau3 IPA: /tɐu³³/ |
Wu [Shanghai] | /tɜ³⁴/ |
Min Nan [Taiwan] | tàu (colloquial), tò͘ (literary) |
Korean: 두, 투 Vietnamese: đấu |
斗 (traditional 鬥 or 斗, Pinyin dòu (dou4), Wade-Giles tou4)
- to fight, to struggle
- 争斗 ("to fight"), 战斗 ("battle"), 械斗 ("to fight with weapons"), 拳斗 ("fist fight"), 格斗 ("grapple"), 搏斗 ("to wrestle"), 明争暗斗 ("both open strife and veiled struggle"), 龙争虎斗 ("fierce struggle between two evenly-matched opponents"), 角斗 ("to battle"), 斗士 ("warrior"), 斗志 ("morale"), 斗殴 ("to brawl"), 斗气 ("to quarrel just to vent one's spleen"), 斗舰 ("man-of-war")
- to make (animal) fight
- to contend, to compete with
- to strive one's best
- 奋斗 ("to work at one's utmost")
- (archaic) (of stars) to collide with each other
- chaotic, disorderly, helter-skelter
- to take the opportunity to ..., to do something while it's ...
- to face, to confront, to front, to be opposite
- to encounter, to face
- to piece together, to fit together
- fine tea, tea of the best quality
- (dialectal) bird nest
- rebus character for 逗: to tease, to play with
- rebus character for 兜: to solicit (customers or business)
- rebus character for 陡: suddenly, in a sudden
- a Chinese surname.