Wiktionary:About Romanian

This is a Wiktionary policy, guideline or common practices page. Specifically it is a policy think tank, working to develop a formal policy. Policies – Entries: CFI - EL - NORM - NPOV - QUOTE - REDIR - DELETE. Languages: LT - AXX. Others: BLOCK - BOTS - VOTES.

See also: Entry layout explained and Category:Romanian language

Creating Romanian entries

Entry name

The name of the entry is that of the word or phrase that you are defining.

Capitalization: Romanian does not capitalize words as often as English, so the entry name will usually begin with a lowercase letter. Exceptions include proper nouns, such as names of people and countries.

Diacritics: Romanian uses several diacritics: the circumflex accent (î, â) the breve (ă) and the comma (ș, ț). These should always be included. Ș and Ț (comma) should be used in place of Ş and Ţ (cedilla) respectively.

The essentials

1. Language header lets you know the language of the word in question (==Romanian==). It is almost always in a level two heading (See Wiktionary:How to edit a page for some basic terminology we use). When there is more than one language header on a page, the language headers should appear in alphabetical order with Translingual and English given priority. Do not use Daco-Romanian in the language header.
2. Part of Speech header may be a misnomer, but it seemed to make sense when it was first chosen. It is the key descriptor for the grammatical function of the term in question (such as 'noun', 'verb', etc). The definitions themselves come within its scope. This heading is most frequently in a level three heading, and a page may have more than one for a single language.
3. Headword Line is the line immediately following the part of speech header. This will be the entry name in bold, followed by the gender for nouns, the number of nominative/accusative forms for adjectives, the conjugation type for verbs, etc. Standard Romanian headword-line templates or {{head}} should be used instead of simple wiki markup.
4. Definitions or Translations of the word appear as a numbered list in the part of speech section immediately following the headword line, though it is a good idea to include a blank line in between for ease of editing.
5. Declension/Conjugation should follow the Part of Speech header at a level 4. Use ====Declension==== for nouns and adjectives, and for verbs use ====Conjugation====. See Wiktionary:Romanian templates and .

A very simple example

This is a simple entry for the word băiat, and shows the most fundamental elements of an article:

1. the word’s language (as a level 2 heading),
2. its part of speech or "type" (as a level 3 heading),
3. the headword itself and its inflection (using the correct Part of Speech template),
4. a definition (preceded by "#", which causes automatic numbering),
5. links in the definition or translation for key words,
6. and declension.

This example can be copied and used to start an article or section of an article, with the appropriate parts changed.

==Romanian==

===Noun===
{{ro-noun|m|băieți}}

# [[boy]]

====Declension====
{{ro-noun-m|pl=băieți|def=băiatul}}

A more in-depth example

This is an entry for the word discret. It includes more information than the simple example above, including:

1. Etymology,
2. pronunciation,
3. antonyms and related terms.

There are other possible headers for use. See WT:EL for more information regarding these.

==Romanian==

===Etymology===
From {{bor|ro|fr|discret}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{IPA|ro|/disˈkret/}}

===Adjective===
{{ro-adj}}

# [[discreet]]

====Declension====
{{ro-decl-adj}}

====Antonyms====
* {{l|ro|indiscret}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|ro|discreție}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:DEX}}

Formatting Romanian entries

Preferred order of sections

The part of speech section will often include simple translation(s) into English in place of definitions, but there may be subsections.

Following is the preferred sequence for these standard sections:

==Romanian==
===Alternative forms===
===Etymology===
===Pronunciation===
===Noun===
====Declension==== (only for nouns, adjectives, pronouns and determiners)
====Conjugation==== (only for verbs)
====Usage notes====
====Synonyms====
====Antonyms====
====Related terms====
===See also===
===Further reading===

Please note that the Noun header is only one possible part of speech that may appear as the header. If the entry being created is for a verb, then "Verb" should appear in place of the word "Noun" in the example above.

Etymologies

A good place for locating etymologies of Romanian words is DEX, the Explicative Dictionary of the Romanian language. The website also provides various other Romanian dictionaries. DEX is in Romanian, so navigating the dictionary will require some knowledge of the language. The etymology will be marked by the word din (“from”) followed by an abbreviation of the language and the root word.

If the word is a derivative using a suffix/prefix and another word you can note that as well ([[Category:Romanian suffixes]], [[Category:Romanian prefixes]]). Borrowings and inherited terms should be marked using the correct template ({{bor}}, {{inh}}, {{der}}). Examples:

• For zice (“to say”) From {{inh|ro|la|dīcere}}
• For românesc (“Romanian”) {{suffix|ro|român|esc}}

Slavic borrowings

Romanian contains a number of prehistoric Slavic borrowings. Due to the scarcity of written evidence as well as the significant time distance that we’re dealing with, it is impossible to pinpoint the exact origin. At best, in can be said that the Slavic word exhibits some features characteristic of South Slavic languages/dialects. The preferred way of formatting etymologies of such words is as follows (adopted from the etymology of obraz):

===Etymology===
From a {{bor|ro|sla|-}} language; compare {{cog|sla-pro|*obrazъ}}.

In other words, no exact Slavic language is mentioned as the etymon (since individual Slavic languages were not yet "invented" in the period that these borrowings occurred), and a link is provided to Late Proto-Slavic (Common Slavic) reconstruction so that the interested reader can look up cognates in other (South) Slavic languages that the word is likely to originate from.

Pronunciation

The Romanian language is easily represented with the International Phonetic Alphabet. To show the pronunciation of a Romanian word using the IPA, use

{{IPA|ro|/<with the proper IPA symbols here>/}}

with the first parameter "ro" to ensure that there will be a link to the Wikipedia article on Romanian phonology instead of the IPA chart for English.

Headword line templates

Most English entries use an headword-line template immediately following the part of speech header. For Romanian entries, there are many templates available. The following are the more basic templates.

For lemma Noun entries (singular forms of nouns, not plurals):

• {{ro-noun}}

For lemma Verb entries (the infinitive):

• {{ro-verb}}

For lemma Adjective entries:

• {{ro-adj}}

For non-lemma (form of) noun, verb, and adjective entries, {{head}} may be used instead. See the template and its talk page for more details on its use. Note that {{head}} can also be used for any other part of speech, but ideally, the templates designed specifically for certain parts of speech should be used if possible.

Further reading

The template {{R:DEX}} can be employed in almost all Romanian lemma articles, but it shouldn't be used on non-lemma forms. You should always check whether the references exist before adding them. For more templates of this category, refer to Category:Romanian_reference_templates. Example:

===Further reading===
* {{R:DEX}}

Romanian in non-Romanian entries

Romanian translations of English words

Romanian words will appear in the Translations sections of English words. In general, only the lemma form of the Romanian translation should be given.

An abbreviated table from the entry for example is shown below: (Click [Show] to expand the translation table.)

something serving to explain or illustrate a rule

• Greek: παράδειγμα n (parádeigma)
• Hungarian: példa
• Romanian: exemplu n
• Slovene: primer m
• Spanish: ejemplo (es) m

The template {{t}} should be used, it speeds up entry and will enable any later, global changes in format to be made.

The syntax below will give the output in grey that follows:

* Romanian: {{t|ro|exemplu|n}}

* Romanian: exemplu n

The template is explained at Template:t; it has the following arguments:

1. ro – the ISO code for Romanian
2. exemplu – the word
3. n – the word's gender (m, f, or n)

The superscript ^(ro) provides a link to Wikționar, specifically to the relevant word should it exist there. The text exemplu links to the entry for the Romanian word in the English Wiktionary.

A variant of the {{t}} template exist, {{t+}}. The + in the name indicates that Wikționar has a corresponding entry with this name. It is not necessary to check this. A bot automatically checks the entries, so if you are not sure, you may simply use {{t}} and the bot will adjust the template as necessary.

Things not to do in translations tables

• Do not include "a" in verbal infinitives. In the table for speak, vorbi should not link to an article with the title "a vorbi".
• Do not add non-lemma forms, especially with adjectives, unless there is a special reason to do so. In the table for beautiful, frumos will suffice; frumoasă, frumoși and frumoase do not need to be included.
• As in regular entries, do not mark neuter nouns with m or f.

Moldovan and Cyrillic Romanian

Moldovan is treated as a form of Romanian. Romanian words which meet Wiktionary's general Criteria for Inclusion are allowed whether they are written in the Latin script, in the historical Cyrillic script (in use before the 1860s) or in the modern Cyrillic script (in use before 1989 in Moldova and still in use in Transnistria). Content may be centralized on Latin-script entries, with Cyrillic-script forms being alternative forms.

Latin and Cyrillic letters

IPA	Romanian (186X+)	Romanian (183X+)	Romanian (183X-)	Moldovan (1924+)	Name (183X-?)	Example
/ə/	Ă ă	Ъ ъ	Ъ ъ	Э э	ior, ïор?	-ăreț, ăst
/a/	A a	А а	А а	А а	az, аз?	-ar, apă
/ia/?	Ia ia*	?*	?*	?*	—	diabet, România
/ʲa/	.	.	.	Я я	—	?
/ja/	Ia ia* ?Ya ya*	ia, Ѩ ѩ	Ѧ ѧ, Ѩ ѩ, ?Ꙗ ?ꙗ	Я я	ia, ꙗ?; Iaco, Ѩко?	iapă, Iacutia, diavol ?Yanbian
/æ/?	?Ea ea*	Ea ea, ia	Ѣ ѣ, Ѧ ѧ	?	eacu, ѣкоу?/ѧкоу?; ea, ѧ?	?
/o/	O o	О o	Ѡ ѡ	О о	ot, ѡт?/от?	ou
/o̯/, /ɔ̯/	O o	О o	О o	.	on, он?	soare
/u/	U u W w	Ꙋ ꙋ	Оу оу	У у	ucu, оукоу?	unu ?
/ʲu/	.	.	.	Ю ю	—	?Metodiu
/ju/	.	Ю ю	Ю ю	Ю ю	iu, ю?	?Yanyuan
/w/	U u W w	.	.	.	—	ou, eu whisky
/y/	U u	Y y	Ѵ ѵ	.	ijița, ѵжица?/ижица?	?
/ɨ/	Î î Â â	Ъ ъ	Ы ы, Ѫ ѫ	Ы ы	iorî, ïоры?; ius, ѫс?/юс?	în, încă, îracan -ând
/e/	E e	Е e	Е е	Е е	iest, ѥст?	eu
/e̯/, /ɛ̯/	E e	.	.	Е е	—	bea
/ie/?	Ie ie*	.	.	.	—	-ie
/je/, /jɛ/	E e Ie ie* Je je*	Ie ie	Ѥ ѥ	Е е	NAME	este iepe, piele ?Skopje
/i/	I i Y y	І і, Y y	И и, Ï ï, Ѵ ѵ	И и	iji, ии?; i, ï?/и?	inimă, ființă, aici, Mali, boli, zi, achii ?
?	.	—	Ь ь	.	ir, ир?	?
/ʲ/	I i	Ĭ ĭ	Й й	Ь ь	I, Й?/И?	boli, aici, ochi
/j/	I i Y y	.	.	Й й	—	tăia, ei, -ui Yaracuy

IPA	Romanian (186X+)	Romanian (183X+)	Romanian (183X-)	Moldovan (1924+)	Name (183X-?)	Hard	Soft
/v/	V v W w	В в, Y y	В в, Ѵ ѵ	В в	vide, виде?	vierme ?
/m/	M m	М м	М м	М м	meslite, меслите?	mamă	?
/n/	N n	H н	Н н	Н н	nașu, нашоу?	nu, Reazan	?
/ɨn/	În în*	Ꙟн ꙟн	Ꙟ ꙟ	.	î, ы?	?	?
/b/	B b	Б б	Б б	Б б	buchi, боуки?	bea	?
/p/	P p	П п	П п	П п	pocoi, покои?	piele, stepă	?
/ps/	Ps ps*	Пс пс	Ѱ ѱ	.	psi, ѱи?	psalm	?
/f/	F f	Ф ф	Ф ф	Ф ф	fert, ферт?	foc	?
/d/	D d	Д д	Д д	Д д	dobru, доброу?	da	?
/dz/	?Z z*	Dz dz	Ѕ ѕ	.	dzelo, ѕело?	?cneaz	?
/t/	T t	Т т	Т т	Т т	tferdu, тфердоу?	tată	?
/ft/?	.	Th th	Ѳ ѳ	.	ftita, ѳита?/фтита?	?	?
/ts/	Ț ț	Ц ц	Ц ц	Ц ц	ți, ци?	țânțar, ține, țelină, țeavă, țar	?
/ɡ/	G g Gh gh	Г г	Г г	Г г	glagole, глаголе?	gât ghici	?
/dʒ/	G g	Џ џ	Џ џ	Ӂ ӂ	?	genunchi	?
/ʒ/	J j	Ж ж	Ж ж	Ж ж	jivite, живите?	jar	?
/k/	C c Ch ch K k Q q	К к	К к	К к	cacu, какоу?	cuarț Chiril kil quarc	— ochi ? ?
/ks/, /ɡz/	X x	Ѯ ѯ	Ѯ ѯ	.	csi, ѯи?	xiloză	?
/tʃ/	C c	Ч ч	Ч ч	Ч ч	cervu, червоу?	ce	?citi, aici, ?Kerci
/ʃ/	Ș ș	Ш ш	Ш ш	Ш ш	șa, ша?	ști	?
/ʃt/	Șt șt*	Щ щ	Щ щ	.	ște, ще?	știucă	?
/h/	H h	Х х	Х х	Х х	hier, хѥр?	hram	?
//	H h	.	.	.	—	?	?
/z/	Z z	З з	З з	З з	zemle, земле?	zi	?
/s/	S s	С с	С с	С с	slovă, словъ?	stea, Belarus	?
/r/	R r	Р р	Р р	Р р	rîțî, рыцы?	roșu, Tver	ori
/l/	L l	Л л	Л л	Л л	liude, люде?	lună, Sevastopol	boli

Notation:

• Letter/digraph*: Letter/digraph is not part of alphabet
• Letter: Letter has different IPA on other row
  • G g, Ѵ ѵ, ...
  • H h in Gh gh, Ch ch
  • ?J j in Skopje

Further reading

• Philippide, Alexandru (1888) Introducere in Istoria limbei şi Literaturei romîne, Jaşi: Editura librariei Frații Saraga, page 45

Other Romanian aids

• Category:Romanian language
• Wiktionary:About Romanian/tasks
• Category:Romanian inflection-table templates
• Wiktionary:Requested entries (Romanian)
• Dicționarul Explicativ al Limbii Române
• 24 de dictionare ale Limbii Romane
• Dicționar englez-român