este
English edit
Noun edit
este (usually uncountable, plural estes)
- Alternative form of est
Anagrams edit
Aragonese edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Latin iste (“that”). Cognate to Spanish este (“this”).
Determiner edit
este
Asturian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast, from Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”), from Proto-Indo-European *aus- (“eastern”).
Noun edit
este m (plural estes)
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Ultimately from Latin iste. Cf. Spanish este.
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
este (feminine esta, masculine and feminine plural estos)
Related terms edit
Pronoun edit
este (feminine esta, masculine and feminine plural estos)
See also edit
Corsican edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French est. Cognates include Italian est and Spanish este.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
este m (uncountable)
References edit
- “este, est” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa
Creek edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
este
Pronoun edit
este
References edit
Elfdalian edit
Noun edit
este
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
este
- obstacle, barrier, hindrance, obstruction, impediment
- avioliiton este ― impediment to marriage
- excuse
- pätevä este ― valid excuse
- (athletics) hurdle
Declension edit
Inflection of este (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | este | esteet | ||
genitive | esteen | esteiden esteitten | ||
partitive | estettä | esteitä | ||
illative | esteeseen | esteisiin esteihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | este | esteet | ||
accusative | nom. | este | esteet | |
gen. | esteen | |||
genitive | esteen | esteiden esteitten | ||
partitive | estettä | esteitä | ||
inessive | esteessä | esteissä | ||
elative | esteestä | esteistä | ||
illative | esteeseen | esteisiin esteihin | ||
adessive | esteellä | esteillä | ||
ablative | esteeltä | esteiltä | ||
allative | esteelle | esteille | ||
essive | esteenä | esteinä | ||
translative | esteeksi | esteiksi | ||
abessive | esteettä | esteittä | ||
instructive | — | estein | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms edit
- adjectives: esteellinen, esteetön
Compounds edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “este”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (online dictionary, continuously updated, in Finnish), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Anagrams edit
Galician edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese este, from Latin iste.
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
este m (feminine singular esta, masculine plural estes, feminine plural estas, neuter isto)
- this
- Este libro é meu ― This book is mine
References edit
- “este” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “este” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “este” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Further reading edit
- “este” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
Hungarian edit
Alternative forms edit
- estve (folksy, archaic)
Etymology edit
The adverb sense is from the former est (“evening”) + -vel (“with”) (a derivation similar to reggel or tavasszal). First the final -l wore off and the adverb estve (“in the evening”) was used for a long time[1] (still in use today in dialects), later the -v was dropped. The noun sense became independent from the compound word napeste (“the fall of the sun”). The noun est is from the es- stem of the verb esik (“to fall”) + -t (noun-forming suffix). The es- stem is from Proto-Uralic *ećɜ- (“to fall”).[2][3]
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
este (not comparable)
- in the evening (from approximately 6 p.m. until going to bed; depends on working hours, daylight length, etc.)
Usage notes edit
Adverbs of temporal nouns (see also: Appendix:Hungarian words of time) | |
---|---|
no suffix (the noun can act as an adverb) |
nappal (“daytime”), reggel (“early morning”), délelőtt (“late morning”), délután (“afternoon”), este (“evening”), éjjel / éjszaka (“night”), and vasárnap (“Sunday”) |
-kor (“at”) | pirkadat / virradat (“dawn”), napkelte (“sunrise”), napnyugta (“sunset”), alkonyat (“dusk”), szürkület (“twilight”), éjfél (“midnight”), hours and minutes, and the names of holidays (húsvét (“Easter”) etc.) |
-ban/-ben (“in”) | dél (“noon”), hajnal (“daybreak”), names of months (január–december) and hónap (“month”), évszak (“season”), év (“year”) and specific years, évtized (“decade”) and longer periods |
-n/-on/-en/-ön (“on”) | days of the week (hétfő–szombat) except Sunday, days of the month (elseje (“1st”), másodika (“2nd”) etc.), nap (“day”), hét (“week”), nyár (“summer”), and tél (“winter”) |
-val/-vel (“with”, assimilated: -szal/-szel) | tavasz (“spring”), ősz (“autumn, fall”) |
Noun edit
este (plural esték)
Declension edit
For the terminative, estig is the most common form.
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | este | esték |
accusative | estét | estéket |
dative | estének | estéknek |
instrumental | estével | estékkel |
causal-final | estéért | estékért |
translative | estévé | estékké |
terminative | estéig | estékig |
essive-formal | esteként | estékként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | estében | estékben |
superessive | estén | estéken |
adessive | esténél | estéknél |
illative | estébe | estékbe |
sublative | estére | estékre |
allative | estéhez | estékhez |
elative | estéből | estékből |
delative | estéről | estékről |
ablative | estétől | estéktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
estéé | estéké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
estééi | estékéi |
Possessive forms of este | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | estém | estéim |
2nd person sing. | estéd | estéid |
3rd person sing. | estéje | estéi |
1st person plural | esténk | estéink |
2nd person plural | estétek | estéitek |
3rd person plural | estéjük | estéik |
Derived terms edit
Noun edit
este
Declension edit
It most commonly occurs today in the form estében (“as he/she/it falls/fell”).
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | este | — |
accusative | estét | — |
dative | estének | — |
instrumental | estével | — |
causal-final | estéért | — |
translative | estévé | — |
terminative | estéig | — |
essive-formal | esteként | — |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | estében | — |
superessive | estén | — |
adessive | esténél | — |
illative | estébe | — |
sublative | estére | — |
allative | estéhez | — |
elative | estéből | — |
delative | estéről | — |
ablative | estétől | — |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
estéé | — |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
estééi | — |
Possessive forms of este | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | estem | — |
2nd person sing. | ested | — |
3rd person sing. | este | — |
1st person plural | estünk | — |
2nd person plural | estetek | — |
3rd person plural | estük | — |
References edit
- ^ Compare Az estve (’The Evening’) by Mihály Csokonai (1794), with English translation
- ^ este in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- ^ est in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN
Further reading edit
- (evening): este in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- ([down]fall [of something]): este in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- este in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Karelian edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Finnish este.
Noun edit
Latin edit
Etymology 1 edit
Form of the verb edō (“I eat”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈeːs.te/, [ˈeːs̠t̪ɛ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈes.te/, [ˈɛst̪e]
Verb edit
ēste
Etymology 2 edit
Form of the verb sum (“I am”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈes.te/, [ˈɛs̠t̪ɛ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈes.te/, [ˈɛst̪e]
Verb edit
este
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old English ēst, from Proto-West Germanic *ansti, from Proto-Germanic *anstiz.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “ēste, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 29-03-2018.
Adjective edit
este
References edit
- “ēste, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 29-03-2018.
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
este
- Alternative form of heste (“directive”)
Mirandese edit
Etymology edit
Pronoun edit
este m (feminine esta, masculine plural estes, feminine plural estas)
Synonyms edit
See also edit
Mirandese demonstratives (edit) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pronouns | Adverbs | ||||||
Singular | Plural | Neuter | |||||
Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
Proximal | X | este, aqueste | esta, aquesta | estes, aquestes | estas, aquestas | isto, aquisto | eiqui, acá |
de + X | deste, daqueste | desta, daquesta | destes, daquestes | destas, daquestas | disto, daquisto | deiqui | |
an + X | neste, naqueste | nesta, naquesta | nestes, naquestes | nestas, naquestas | nisto, naquisto | — | |
Medial | X | esse, aquesse | essa, aquessa | esses, aquesses | essas, aquessas | isso, aquisso | alhi, eilhi |
de + X | desse, daquesse | dessa, daquessa | desses, daquesses | dessas, daquessas | disso, daquisso | dalhi, deilhi | |
an + X | nesse, naquesse | nessa, naquessa | nesses, naquesses | nessas, naquessas | nisso, naquisso | — | |
Distal | X | aquel | aqueilha | aqueilhes | aqueilhas | aqueilho, aquilho | alhi, alhá |
de + X | daquel | daqueilha | daqueilhes | daqueilhas | daqueilho, daquilho | dalhi, dalhá | |
an + X | naquel | naqueilha | naqueilhes | naqueilhas | naqueilho, naquilho | — |
Portuguese edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from French est,[1][2] from Old English ēast, from Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”), from Proto-Indo-European *aus- (“eastern”).
Pronunciation edit
- Hyphenation: es‧te
Noun edit
este m (uncountable)
Quotations edit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:este.
Coordinate terms edit
- (compass points) ponto cardeal;
noroeste | norte | nordeste |
oeste poente ocidente |
leste este nascente oriente | |
sudoeste | sul | sudeste |
Adjective edit
este m or f (plural estes)
- eastern (of, situated in, or coming from the east)
Quotations edit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:este.
Synonyms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese este (displacing collateral form aqueste), from Latin iste.
Alternative forms edit
- êste (superseded)
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
este (feminine esta, masculine plural estes, feminine plural estas)
- this (indicates something or someone nearby)
- that (indicates something or someone just mentioned)
- this (indicates something or someone about to be mentioned)
- (of a unit of time) this (which is current)
- 2005, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 127:
- A segurança está cem vezes mais rigorosa este verão.
- The security is a hundred times more severe this summer.
Pronoun edit
este (feminine esta, masculine plural estes, feminine plural estas, neuter isto) (definite demonstrative pronoun)
- this one (indicates something or someone nearby)
- this one (indicates something or someone about to be mentioned)
- (of a unit of time) this (which is current)
Quotations edit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:este.
See also edit
Portuguese demonstratives (edit) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pronouns | Adverbs | ||||||
Singular | Plural | Neuter | |||||
Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
Proximal | X | este | esta | estes | estas | isto | aqui, cá |
de + X | deste | desta | destes | destas | disto | daqui | |
em + X | neste | nesta | nestes | nestas | nisto | — | |
Medial | X | esse | essa | esses | essas | isso | aí |
de + X | desse | dessa | desses | dessas | disso | daí | |
em + X | nesse | nessa | nesses | nessas | nisso | — | |
Distal | X | aquele | aquela | aqueles | aquelas | aquilo | ali, lá, acolá |
de + X | daquele | daquela | daqueles | daquelas | daquilo | dali | |
em + X | naquele | naquela | naqueles | naquelas | naquilo | — | |
a + X | àquele | àquela | àqueles | àquelas | àquilo | ||
Anaphoric | X | o | a | os | as | — | — |
de + X | do | da | dos | das | |||
em + X | no | na | nos | nas | |||
a + X | ao | à | aos | às |
References edit
- ^ “este” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024.
- ^ “este” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
Romanian edit
Alternative forms edit
- есте (Post-1930s (Moldavian) Cyrillic spelling)
Etymology edit
From Latin est with an epenthetic vowel, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Its similarity to Serbo-Croatian jeste is partially a coincidence.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
este
- third-person singular present indicative of fi: he/she is
Synonyms edit
Spanish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Determiner edit
este m sg (feminine esta, masculine plural estos, feminine plural estas)
Pronoun edit
este m sg (demonstrative, feminine esta, neuter esto, feminine plural estas, masculine plural estos, neuter plural estos)
- Alternative spelling of éste
Usage notes edit
- The unaccented form can function as a pronoun if it can be unambiguously deduced as such from context.
Coordinate terms edit
Derived terms edit
See also edit
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
Interjection edit
este
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast, from Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”), from Proto-Indo-European *aus- (“eastern”), therefore related to English east and Spanish Austria.
Noun edit
este m (uncountable)
Coordinate terms edit
See also edit
Further reading edit
- “este”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Anagrams edit
Tagalog edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Spanish este (“uh; um”, interjection/filler).
Particle edit
este (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜒ)
- I mean
- Pupunta ako sa panaderya, este, restawran.
- I am going to the bakery, I mean, the restaurant.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Spanish este (“east”).
Noun edit
este (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜒ)
- (uncommon) east (compass point)
- 1985, Francisco Soc Rodrigo, Mga tula at tilamsik ng diwa:
- At, sa angkan naman ng ating First Lady, si Kokoy, na siyang governor ng Leyte, Ay embahador pa sa lahat ng parte - Sa este't oeste, sa sur at sa norte!
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Coordinate terms edit
hilagang kanluran norweste |
hilaga norte |
hilagang silangan nordeste |
oksidente kanluran oeste |
oryente silangan este | |
salatan timog-kanluran |
sur timog |
timog-silangan |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “este”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Vietnamese edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɛt̚˧˦ stɛ˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɛt̚˦˧˥ stɛ˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɛk̚˦˥ stɛ˧˧]
- Phonetic: ét xteInvalid params in call to Template:vi-IPA: 2=ét-te
Noun edit
este
- (organic chemistry) an ester
Zazaki edit
Etymology edit
Related to Sanskrit अस्थि (asthi) (asthi)
Noun edit
este