hier
AfrikaansEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- hiir (obsolete)
EtymologyEdit
From Dutch hier, from Middle Dutch hier, from Old Dutch hier, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r.
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
hier
Derived termsEdit
DanishEdit
NounEdit
hier n
- indefinite plural of hi
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Dutch hier, from Old Dutch hier, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r.
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
hier
Usage notesEdit
With a preposition, hier is used instead of dit to create a pronominal adverb. See also Category:Dutch pronominal adverbs.
Derived termsEdit
See also Category:Dutch pronominal adverbs.
DescendantsEdit
See alsoEdit
FrenchEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Inherited from Old French ier, from Latin herī.
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
hier
- yesterday
- 2001, Elisabeth de Fontenay, Diderot ou le matérialisme enchanté:
- (please add the primary text of this quote)
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
See alsoEdit
- veille (noun)
- aujourd'hui
- demain
- après-demain
Further readingEdit
- “hier”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
- (aspirated h) IPA(key): /je/, /i.e/
VerbEdit
hier
ConjugationEdit
infinitive | simple | hier | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | hiant /jɑ̃/ or /i.ɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | hié /je/ or /i.e/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | hie /i/ |
hies /i/ |
hie /i/ |
hions /jɔ̃/ or /i.ɔ̃/ |
hiez /je/ or /i.e/ |
hient /i/ |
imperfect | hiais /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/ |
hiais /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/ |
hiait /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/ |
hiions /i.jɔ̃/ |
hiiez /i.je/ |
hiaient /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/ | |
past historic2 | hiai /je/ or /i.e/ |
hias /ja/ or /i.a/ |
hia /ja/ or /i.a/ |
hiâmes /jam/ or /i.am/ |
hiâtes /jat/ or /i.at/ |
hièrent /jɛʁ/ or /i.ɛʁ/ | |
future | hierai /i.ʁe/ or /i.ə.ʁe/ |
hieras /i.ʁa/ or /i.ə.ʁa/ |
hiera /i.ʁa/ or /i.ə.ʁa/ |
hierons /i.ʁɔ̃/ or /i.ə.ʁɔ̃/ |
hierez /i.ʁe/ or /i.ə.ʁe/ |
hieront /i.ʁɔ̃/ or /i.ə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | hierais /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/ |
hierais /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/ |
hierait /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/ |
hierions /i.ʁjɔ̃/ or /i.ə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
hieriez /i.ʁje/ or /i.ə.ʁje/ |
hieraient /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | hie /i/ |
hies /i/ |
hie /i/ |
hiions /i.jɔ̃/ |
hiiez /i.je/ |
hient /i/ |
imperfect2 | hiasse /jas/ or /i.as/ |
hiasses /jas/ or /i.as/ |
hiât /ja/ or /i.a/ |
hiassions /ja.sjɔ̃/ or /i.a.sjɔ̃/ |
hiassiez /ja.sje/ or /i.a.sje/ |
hiassent /jas/ or /i.as/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | hie /i/ |
— | hions /jɔ̃/ or /i.ɔ̃/ |
hiez /je/ or /i.e/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Related termsEdit
GermanEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- hie (archaic; except in hie und da)
EtymologyEdit
From Middle High German hier, from Old High German hier, from Proto-West Germanic *hēr. Cognate with Dutch hier, English here, Swedish här.
The predominant form in Middle High German and throughout modern dialects of High German is hie (and variants) with loss of the final -r. The form hier begins to gain ground from the late 16th century (in spite of Luther’s usage), which may point to influence by cognate Middle Low German hīr, hēr (where no r-less form seems to exist; but compare modern Limburgish heej).
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
hier
- (location) here; in this place; refers to an environment one is currently in, or to something within reach
- Ich bin hier in diesem Dorf geboren. ― I was born here in this village.
- Setzen wir uns hier aufs Sofa. ― Let’s sit down here on the sofa.
- (location) there; right there; in that place; refers to something that is considered nearby, or can be seen and pointed at
- Synonym: da
- Die Kirche ist gleich hier am Ende der Straße. ― The church is right there at the end of the street.
- Siehst du die Wolke hier neben der Bergspitze? ― Can you see that cloud there next to the mountain top?
- (abstract) here (within this context)
- Die Frist wurde hier überhaupt nicht erwähnt. ― The deadline was not mentioned here at all.
- used with the definite article or the determiner dieser (“this, that”) to express proximity (“this”)
- Die Kneipe hier ist sehr beliebt. ― This pub is very popular.
- Hier der Stuhl ist kaputt. ― This chair is broken.
- Dieser Schrank hier ist 200 Jahre alt. ― This cupboard is 200 years old.
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
InterjectionEdit
hier
- (colloquial) Used for emphasis or to call for attention, often when changing the subject
- Hier, der Markus ist doch jetzt auch verheiratet, ne?
- Hey, wait, Markus is married now, too, isn't he?
Further readingEdit
HunsrikEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
hier
- here
- Bleib en bissje hier.
- Stay here for a while.
SynonymsEdit
Further readingEdit
LuxembourgishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old High German hera. Compare German her.
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
hier
See alsoEdit
Middle DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Dutch hier, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r.
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
hier
DescendantsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “hier”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “hier”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle EnglishEdit
NounEdit
hier
- Alternative form of hire (“wages”)
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic хиер (xier).
NounEdit
hier m (plural hieri)
- the name of the "h" in the Cyrillic alphabet
DeclensionEdit
Saterland FrisianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
PronounEdit
hier
See alsoEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Old Frisian hīr, from Proto-West Germanic *hēr. Cognates include West Frisian hjir and German hier.
AdverbEdit
hier
ReferencesEdit
SlovakEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
hier
West FrisianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Frisian hēr.
NounEdit
hier n or c (plural hierren, diminutive hierke)
Further readingEdit
- “hier (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Etymology 2Edit
From Old Frisian hēre, from Proto-West Germanic *hūʀiju.
NounEdit
hier c (plural hieren)
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “hier (II)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011