primer
See also: Primer
EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English primer, primere, from Medieval Latin primarius and primarium (“prayer book”) possibly via Anglo-Norman primer (“prayer book”), from prima (“prime the liturgical hour and office”) + -arius and -arium (“forming related objects”). Its use for schoolbooks derived from the late medieval and early modern use of such prayer books to teach reading.
PronunciationEdit
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈpɹaɪ.mə(ɹ)/, enPR: prīʹmə
Audio (UK) (file) - (US) IPA(key): /ˈpɹɪ.mɚ/, enPR: prĭmʹər
- (US, irregular, but common; borrowed from Etymology 2): IPA(key): /ˈpɹaɪmɚ/, enPR: prīmʹər
Audio (US) (file) Audio (US irregular pronunciation) (file) - Rhymes: -aɪmə(ɹ), -ɪmə(ɹ)
NounEdit
primer (plural primers)
- (historical, Catholicism ecclesiastical) A prayer or devotional book intended for laity, initially an abridgment of the breviary and manual including the hours of the Virgin Mary, 15 gradual and 7 penitential psalms, the litany, the placebo and dirige forming the office of the dead, and the commendations.
- Synonyms: book of hours, prayer book
- (historical, Protestant ecclesiastical) Any of various similar works issued in England for private prayer in accordance with the Book of Common Prayer.
- A children's book intended to teach literacy: how to read, write, and spell.
- 1545, The A.B.C. Primers
- 1995, Neal Stephenson, The Diamond Age:
- Four-year-old Elizabeth Finkle-McGraw would receive the Young Lady's Illustrated Primer from her grandfather. Fiona Hackworth would be getting a copy of the Illustrated Primer too, for this had been John Percival Hackworth's crime: He had programmed the matter compiler to place the cockleburs on the outside of Elizabeth's book.
- An introductory text on any subject, particularly basic concepts.
- 1959 March, “New Reading on Railways: The Railwayman's Diesel Manual. By William F. Bolton. G. H. Lake. 7s. 6d.”, in Trains Illustrated, page 172:
- [...] The two assets of the book are clear explanation, and a multitude of extremely helpful diagrams, some in two colours, and cutaway photographs; these clearly unravel a difficult subject for the layman, as well as the student engineman for whom the primer is chiefly designed.
- (New Zealand) An elementary school class; an elementary school student. (No longer used.)
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
TranslationsEdit
prayer book — see prayer book
children's book introducing basic literacy
|
introductory textbook
|
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈpɹaɪ.mə(ɹ)/, enPR: prīʹmə
Audio (UK) (file) - (US) IPA(key): /ˈpɹaɪmɚ/, enPR: prīmʹə
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -aɪmə(ɹ)
NounEdit
primer (countable and uncountable, plural primers)
- Any substance or device, such as priming wire or blasting cap, used to ignite gunpowder or other explosive.
- 1912, United States Army Ordnance Dept, Handbook of the 2.95-inch mountain gun mate/riel and pack outfit, →ISBN, page 17:
- The percussion primer, known as the “ 110-grain percussion primer,” contains an igniting charge of 95 grains of black powder in addition to the essential elements of a percussion primer.
- 2003, Sam Fadala, The Gun Digest Blackpowder Loading Manual, →ISBN, page 73:
- Therefore, the shotgun primer is quite self- contained. It consists of a separate metal cup called a battery cup that contains the primer itself. That's why it is considered a two-piece primer.
- 2016, Steve Sieberts, Gun Digest Shooter's Guide to Competitive Pistol Shooting, →ISBN, page 224:
- Take care when handling primers, especially ensure that your fingers are free of oil or dirt. Oil can affect the detonating properties of the primer pellet, and can be the cause of misfires if too much oil gets into the primer.
- (obsolete, rare) A person who primes explosives.
- A substance used to prime wood, metal, etc. in preparation for painting.
- A layer of such a substance.
- A layer of makeup that goes beneath the foundation; undermakeup.
- 1989, Stan Place & Bobbi Ray Madry, The Art and Science of Professional Makeup, →ISBN, page 95:
- The undermakeup (primer) should be allowed to dry-set for 30 seconds. Apply foundation over the primer with a sponge using light, careful strokes to blend. Undermakeups come in cream form, sponge-on wands, or sponge-on cream, and as a lotion.
- (obsolete, rare) A person who primes wood, metal, etc.
- (biochemistry, genetics) A molecule which initiates the synthesis of an enzyme, (especially) a single-stranded nucleic acid molecule which initiates DNA replication.
- (medicine, zoology) A pheromone which interacts first with the endocrine system.
- A device used to prime an internal combustion engine with gasoline, (especially) in airplanes.
- A person who prunes trees.
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
substance used to ignite a fire
small charge used to ignite gunpowder or other explosive
|
substance used to prime wood, metal, etc.
|
layer of priming substance
|
person who primes wood, metal etc.
|
biology: molecule required for replication of DNA
device used to prime an internal combustion engine with gasoline
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Etymology 3Edit
From Anglo-Norman primer (“first”), from Latin prīmārius (“first”).
AdjectiveEdit
primer (not comparable)
- (obsolete) First in time, initial, early.
- 1612, Michael Drayton, “(please specify the chapter)”, in [John Selden], editor, Poly-Olbion. Or A Chorographicall Description of Tracts, Riuers, Mountaines, Forests, and Other Parts of this Renowned Isle of Great Britaine, […], London: […] H[umphrey] L[ownes] for Mathew Lownes; I. Browne; I. Helme; I. Busbie, published 1613, →OCLC:
- the primer English kings
- (obsolete) First in importance, premier.
- (obsolete, rare) First in position, foremost.
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
CatalanEdit
| 10[a], [b], [c] | ||||
| 1 | 2 → | 10 → [a], [b], [c] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: un Ordinal: primer Ordinal abbreviation: 1r | ||||
| Catalan Wikipedia article on 1 | ||||
EtymologyEdit
From Old Catalan primer, from Latin prīmārius.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
primer (feminine primera, masculine plural primers, feminine plural primeres)
- (ordinal number) first
- (mathematics) prime (having no divisor except itself and 1):
Derived termsEdit
AdverbEdit
primer
- first; before anything else
ReferencesEdit
- “primer” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “primer” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
FrenchEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
primer
ConjugationEdit
Conjugation of primer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | primer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | primant /pʁi.mɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | primé /pʁi.me/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | prime /pʁim/ |
primes /pʁim/ |
prime /pʁim/ |
primons /pʁi.mɔ̃/ |
primez /pʁi.me/ |
priment /pʁim/ |
| imperfect | primais /pʁi.mɛ/ |
primais /pʁi.mɛ/ |
primait /pʁi.mɛ/ |
primions /pʁi.mjɔ̃/ |
primiez /pʁi.mje/ |
primaient /pʁi.mɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | primai /pʁi.me/ |
primas /pʁi.ma/ |
prima /pʁi.ma/ |
primâmes /pʁi.mam/ |
primâtes /pʁi.mat/ |
primèrent /pʁi.mɛʁ/ | |
| future | primerai /pʁim.ʁe/ |
primeras /pʁim.ʁa/ |
primera /pʁim.ʁa/ |
primerons /pʁim.ʁɔ̃/ |
primerez /pʁim.ʁe/ |
primeront /pʁim.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | primerais /pʁim.ʁɛ/ |
primerais /pʁim.ʁɛ/ |
primerait /pʁim.ʁɛ/ |
primerions /pʁi.mə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
primeriez /pʁi.mə.ʁje/ |
primeraient /pʁim.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | prime /pʁim/ |
primes /pʁim/ |
prime /pʁim/ |
primions /pʁi.mjɔ̃/ |
primiez /pʁi.mje/ |
priment /pʁim/ |
| imperfect2 | primasse /pʁi.mas/ |
primasses /pʁi.mas/ |
primât /pʁi.ma/ |
primassions /pʁi.ma.sjɔ̃/ |
primassiez /pʁi.ma.sje/ |
primassent /pʁi.mas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | prime /pʁim/ |
— | primons /pʁi.mɔ̃/ |
primez /pʁi.me/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further readingEdit
- “primer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
HungarianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From German primär, from French primaire, from Latin primarius.[1]
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
primer (comparative primerebb, superlative legprimerebb)
- primary
- primer feszültség ― primary voltage
DeclensionEdit
| Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | primer | primerek |
| accusative | primert | primereket |
| dative | primernek | primereknek |
| instrumental | primerrel | primerekkel |
| causal-final | primerért | primerekért |
| translative | primerré | primerekké |
| terminative | primerig | primerekig |
| essive-formal | primerként | primerekként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | primerben | primerekben |
| superessive | primeren | primereken |
| adessive | primernél | primereknél |
| illative | primerbe | primerekbe |
| sublative | primerre | primerekre |
| allative | primerhez | primerekhez |
| elative | primerből | primerekből |
| delative | primerről | primerekről |
| ablative | primertől | primerektől |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
primeré | primereké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
primeréi | primerekéi |
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN
Further readingEdit
- primer in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
IndonesianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Dutch primair, from French primaire, from Latin prīmārius.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
primèr
- primary:
- first or earliest in a group or series.
- main; principal; chief; placed ahead of others.
Alternative formsEdit
- primair (law)
Further readingEdit
- “primer” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Old FrenchEdit
AdjectiveEdit
primer m (oblique and nominative feminine singular primere)
- Alternative form of premier
AdverbEdit
primer
- Alternative form of premier
NounEdit
primer m (oblique plural primers, nominative singular primers, nominative plural primer)
- Alternative form of premier
- (Anglo-Norman) primer (hymn book)
ReferencesEdit
- primer on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub
Serbo-CroatianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- (Ijekavian): prímjer
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
prímer m (Cyrillic spelling при́мер)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of primer
Derived termsEdit
SloveneEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
primẹ̑r m inan
- example (something representative of a group)
InflectionEdit
| Masculine inan., hard o-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nom. sing. | primér | ||
| gen. sing. | priméra | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
primér | priméra | priméri |
| genitive (rodȋlnik) |
priméra | primérov | primérov |
| dative (dajȃlnik) |
priméru | priméroma | primérom |
| accusative (tožȋlnik) |
primér | priméra | primére |
| locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
priméru | primérih | primérih |
| instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
primérom | priméroma | priméri |
Derived termsEdit
SpanishEdit
| 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: uno Apocopated cardinal: un Ordinal: primero Apocopated ordinal: primer Ordinal abbreviation: 1.º Multiplier: simple Distributive: sendos | ||
| Spanish Wikipedia article on 1 | ||
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
primer m (apocopate, standard form primero)
- (before the noun) Apocopic form of primero (first)
- el primer hijo ― the first child
- (informal, proscribed) Apocopic form of primera (first)
Usage notesEdit
- The form primer is only used before and within the noun phrase of a modified masculine singular noun. In other positions, the standard form primero is used instead.
Further readingEdit
- “primer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014