adsum

Latin

Alternative forms

• assum

Etymology

From ad- (“to”) +‎ sum (“I am”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈad.sum/, [ˈäs̠ːʊ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈad.sum/, [ˈäd̪sum]

Verb

adsum (present infinitive adesse, perfect active adfuī, future active participle adfutūrus); irregular conjugation, suppletive, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle, no gerund

1. (with dative) to be here, there, near, present, at hand

   Synonym: stō

   Antonyms: dēsum, absum

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.384–386:

     “[...] Sequar ātrīs ignibus absēns, / et, cum frīgida mors animā sēdūxerit artūs, / omnibus umbra locīs aderō. [...]”

     “[Although you will be] gone, I’ll pursue [you] with smoking torches, and, when cold death has severed my limbs from life, in all places my shade shall be present.”
     (Avenging Furies or Erinyes carry torches: Dido — invoking poetic contrasts between hot/cold, death/life, absence/presence — will haunt Aeneas everywhere.)

2. (with dative) to arrive

   Synonyms: perveniō, adveniō, ēvādō, obeō, teneō, tangō, prehendō

3. (with dative) to attend
4. (with dative) to be present with aid or support; to stand by, assist, favor, help, sustain

   Synonyms: adiūtō, iuvō, adiuvō, foveō, assistō, succurrō, sublevō, prōficiō, prōsum

   Antonym: officiō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.125:

     “[...] Aderō, et, tua sī mihi certa voluntās, [...].”

     “I [Juno, Queen of Marriage,] will be present, and [Venus], if your favor [is] assured me, [...].”
     (See: pronuba.)

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.652:

     nunc ades ō coeptīs, flāva Minervā, meīs.

     Now be favorably present, oh golden[-haired] Minerva, to [these] undertakings of mine.
     (The imperative active present tense second person singular “ades” summons the muse of poetry, Minerva. Here, the meaning includes both divine “presence” and “assistance”.)

5. to protect, defend

   Synonyms: prōtegō, dēfendō, custōdiō, vindicō, arceō, tūtor, prohibeō, mūniō, servō, tueor, sustineō, tegō

   Antonyms: obiectō, immineō, īnstō

Conjugation

   Conjugation of adsum (irregular conjugation, suppletive, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle, no gerund)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	adsum		ades		adest		adsumus		adestis		adsunt
	imperfect	aderam		aderās		aderat		aderāmus		aderātis		aderant
	future	aderō		aderis, adere		aderit		aderimus		aderitis		aderunt
	perfect	adfuī		adfuistī		adfuit		adfuimus		adfuistis		adfuērunt, adfuēre
	pluperfect	adfueram		adfuerās		adfuerat		adfuerāmus		adfuerātis		adfuerant
	future perfect	adfuerō		adfueris		adfuerit		adfuerimus		adfueritis		adfuerint
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	adsim, adsiem, adfuam1		adsīs, adsiēs, adfuās1		adsit, adsiet, adfuat1		adsīmus, adsiēmus, adfuāmus1		adsītis, adsiētis, adfuātis1		adsint, adessint, adsient, adfuant2
	imperfect	adessem, adforem		adessēs, adforēs		adesset, adforet		adessēmus, adforēmus		adessētis, adforētis		adessent, adforent
	perfect	adfuerim		adfuerīs		adfuerit		adfuerīmus		adfuerītis		adfuerint
	pluperfect	adfuissem		adfuissēs		adfuisset		adfuissēmus		adfuissētis		adfuissent
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		ades		—		—		adeste		—
	future	—		adestō		adestō		—		adestōte		adsuntō
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		adesse			—			—			—
future		adfutūrum esse, adfore			—			adfutūrus			—
perfect		adfuisse			—			—			—
perfect potential		adfutūrum fuisse			—			—			—

¹Old Latin or in poetry.
²Old Latin.

References

• “adsum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “adsum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• adsum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be there at a given time: ad tempus adesse
    
  • to assist, stand by a person: adesse alicui or alicuius rebus (opp. deesse)
    
  • (1) to be attentive; (2) to keep one's presence of mind: animo adesse
    
  • to be quite unconcerned: animo adesse (Sull. 11. 33)
    
  • to be present at divine service (of the people): sacris adesse
    
  • to take no part in politics: rei publicae deesse (opp. adesse)
    
  • to issue a proclamation calling on the senators to assemble in full force: edicere, ut senatus frequens adsit (Fam. 11. 6. 2)
    
  • to appear in court: in iudicium venire, in iudicio adesse