Latin

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Etymology

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From sub- +‎ teneō (hold; restrain). Compare, on composition and meaning, with the later formed subteneō (to hold underneath).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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sustineō (present infinitive sustinēre, perfect active sustinuī, supine sustentum); second conjugation

  1. to hold up or upright, uphold, support, sustain
    Synonyms: sustentō, teneo, concipio, capesso, subsistō, suffero, capio, retineo
  2. to keep up, bear up, tolerate
    Synonyms: tolerō, sino, patio, accipio, recipio, subeo, perpetior, sufferō, sustentō, suscipiō, perfero, dūrō, ferō
  3. to hold or keep back or in, stay, check, restrain, control
  4. to keep back, put off, defer, delay
  5. to uphold, sustain, maintain, preserve
    Synonyms: teneo, retineo, capio, comprehendo, obsideo, servo
  6. to guard, protect
    Synonyms: salvō, tūtor, vindicō, cū̆stōdiō, sospitō, teneō, adimō, prōtegō, tegō, dēfendō, adsum, tueor, ēripiō, arceō, servō, prohibeō
    Antonyms: immineō, īnstō, obiectō
  7. to undergo, endure, deign, withstand, hold out

Conjugation

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   Conjugation of sustineō (second conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present sustineō sustinēs sustinet sustinēmus sustinētis sustinent
imperfect sustinēbam sustinēbās sustinēbat sustinēbāmus sustinēbātis sustinēbant
future sustinēbō sustinēbis sustinēbit sustinēbimus sustinēbitis sustinēbunt
perfect sustinuī sustinuistī sustinuit sustinuimus sustinuistis sustinuērunt,
sustinuēre
pluperfect sustinueram sustinuerās sustinuerat sustinuerāmus sustinuerātis sustinuerant
future perfect sustinuerō sustinueris sustinuerit sustinuerimus sustinueritis sustinuerint
passive present sustineor sustinēris,
sustinēre
sustinētur sustinēmur sustinēminī sustinentur
imperfect sustinēbar sustinēbāris,
sustinēbāre
sustinēbātur sustinēbāmur sustinēbāminī sustinēbantur
future sustinēbor sustinēberis,
sustinēbere
sustinēbitur sustinēbimur sustinēbiminī sustinēbuntur
perfect sustentus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect sustentus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect sustentus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present sustineam sustineās sustineat sustineāmus sustineātis sustineant
imperfect sustinērem sustinērēs sustinēret sustinērēmus sustinērētis sustinērent
perfect sustinuerim sustinuerīs sustinuerit sustinuerīmus sustinuerītis sustinuerint
pluperfect sustinuissem sustinuissēs sustinuisset sustinuissēmus sustinuissētis sustinuissent
passive present sustinear sustineāris,
sustineāre
sustineātur sustineāmur sustineāminī sustineantur
imperfect sustinērer sustinērēris,
sustinērēre
sustinērētur sustinērēmur sustinērēminī sustinērentur
perfect sustentus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect sustentus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present sustinē sustinēte
future sustinētō sustinētō sustinētōte sustinentō
passive present sustinēre sustinēminī
future sustinētor sustinētor sustinentor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives sustinēre sustinuisse sustentūrum esse sustinērī sustentum esse sustentum īrī
participles sustinēns sustentūrus sustentus sustinendus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
sustinendī sustinendō sustinendum sustinendō sustentum sustentū

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  • sustineo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • sustineo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • sustineo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to bring horses to the halt when at full gallop: equos incitatos sustinere
    • to fulfil the duties of one's position: munus explere, sustinere
    • to bear the blame of a thing: culpam alicuius rei sustinere
    • to hold out for four months: obsidionem quattuor menses sustinere
    • to resist the attack, onset: impetum sustinere (B. G. 1. 26)
    • to stop rowing; to easy: sustinere, inhibere remos (De Or. 1. 33)
  • sustineo in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016