bir

See also: BIR, Bir, and bír

AlbanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Albanian *bira, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérus (compare Old English byre, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂 (baur, “son”)).^[1] Phonetically and semantically close to Messapic *bilia (“daughter”) and *biles (“son”), Matzinger reconstructs two different roots: Proto-Albanian *bʰi-ro and Proto-Messapic *bʰi-lo, both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH (“to grow, become”).

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /biɾ/

NounEdit

bir m (indefinite plural bij, definite singular biri, definite plural bijtë)

son

DeclensionEdit

declension of bir

	indefinite forms (trajta të pashquara)		definite forms (trajta të shquara)
	singular (numri njëjës)	plural (numri shumës)	singular (numri njëjës)	plural (numri shumës)
nominative (emërore)	bir	bij	biri	bijtë
accusative (kallëzore)	bir	bij	birin	bijtë
genitive (gjinore) (i/e/të/së)	biri	bijve	birit	bijvet
dative (dhanore)	biri	bijve	birit	bijvet
ablative (rrjedhore)	biri	bijsh	birit	bijvet

ReferencesEdit

^ Orel, Vladimir (1998), “bir”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, page 26

AzerbaijaniEdit

Other scripts
Cyrillic		бир
Roman		bir
Perso-Arabic		بیر‎

**Azerbaijani cardinal numbers**
< 0	1	2 >
Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birinci

EtymologyEdit

From Old Anatolian Turkish بر‎ (bir), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bir (*bīr).^[1]

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): [bir]

NumeralEdit

bir

one

Derived termsEdit

bir-bir (“one by one”)
bir-birini (“each other”)
birbaşa (“directly”)
birdən, birdən-birə (“suddenly”)

ReferencesEdit

^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*bir (*bīr)”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

CimbrianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle High German bier, from Old High German bior, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą (“beer”). Cognate with German Bier, English beer. Doublet of bira.

NounEdit

bir n

(Luserna) beer

ReferencesEdit

“bir” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Crimean TatarEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).

NumeralEdit

**Crimean Tatar cardinal numbers**
	1	2 >
Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birinci

bir

one

ReferencesEdit

Mirjejev, V. A.; Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎^[1], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

GagauzEdit

**Gagauz cardinal numbers**
	1	2 >
Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birinci

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”)

NumeralEdit

bir

one

IndonesianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Dutch bier.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): [ˈbɪr]
Hyphenation: bir

NounEdit

bir (plural, first-person possessive birku, second-person possessive birmu, third-person possessive birnya)

beer

CompoundsEdit

bir pletok

InterlingueEdit

NounEdit

bir

beer

JavaneseEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Dutch bier (“beer”).

NounEdit

bir

beer

KaraimEdit

**Karaim cardinal numbers**
	1	2 >
Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birińči

NumeralEdit

bir

one

ReferencesEdit

dnathan.com

MalayEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from English beer.

PronunciationEdit

(Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /be(r)/
(Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /bɪ(r)/
Rhymes: -be(r), -e(r)

NounEdit

bir (Jawi spelling بير‎, informal 1st possessive birku, impolite 2nd possessive birmu, 3rd possessive birnya)

beer

SynonymsEdit

arak

MalteseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Arabic بِئْر‎ (biʾr).

PronunciationEdit

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

NounEdit

bir m (plural bjar)

well

Middle EnglishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

bire, bur, byre

EtymologyEdit

From Old English byre (“strong wind, storm”).

NounEdit

bir (plural birs)

A strong or favorable wind.
- c. 1540, Destruction of Troy:
  Were blouen to þe brode se in a bir swithe.
An armed assault or sally; a clash or encounter; a blow or stroke; an attack or affliction.
- c. 1540, Destruction of Troy:
  A ᵹonge knight..suet to þe Duke With a bir on þe brest, þat backeward he ᵹode.
Violence; strength; fury.
- c. 1400, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight:
  With alle þe bur in his body he ber hit on lofte.
An onrush, swiftness.
- 1425, Wycliffe Bible, Judges 5:22:
  Enemyes fledden with bire.
A charge on an account.
- 1415, Account Rolls of the Abbey of Durham:
  Item in l bir de debito versus Rad'm Forster, 13 d.

DescendantsEdit

English: birr

ReferencesEdit

Middle English Dictionary

Middle High GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old High German bira, from Vulgar Latin pira, plural of Latin pirum.

NounEdit

bir ? (plural birn)

pear

DescendantsEdit

Alemannic German: Biire
German: Birne
- → Estonian: pirn
Luxembourgish: Bir
Vilamovian: biyn
Yiddish: באַר‎‎ (bar‎)

Old IrishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Celtic *beru

Alternative formsEdit

biur

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /bʲir/

NounEdit

bir n (genitive bero or bera, nominative plural beura)

stake, spit, point; spear, spike
- c. 845, St. Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 67b11
  beura glosses sudes (“stake”)

DeclensionEdit

Neuter u-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	bir^N, biur	bir^L, biur	beura^L, bira
Vocative	bir^N, biur	bir^L, biur	beura
Accusative	bir^N, biur	bir^L, biur	beura
Genitive	bero^H, bera^H	bero^N, bera^N	berae^N
Dative	biur^L, biur	beraib	beraib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Derived termsEdit

berach (“pointed”)

DescendantsEdit

Irish: bior
Scottish Gaelic: bior

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Celtic *beru, *beruro- (“spring, well”), said by Matasović to likely be related to *brutus (“fermentation, boiling heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-.^[1]

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /bʲir/

NounEdit

bir (gender unknown, genitive unattested, nominative plural beru)

water, spring, well
- c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 158
  bir .i. uisce ... biror ⁊ inbir ⁊ tobur

Etymology 3Edit

See the etymology of the main entry.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /bʲirʲ/

VerbEdit

·bir

second-person singular present indicative conjunct of beirid

MutationEdit

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
bir	bir pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/	mbir
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

ReferencesEdit

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “beruro- ‘watercress’”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 63

TurkishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Ottoman Turkish بر‎ (bir, “one”), from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐰼‎ (bir).

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /biɾ̝̊/

ArticleEdit

bir

a, an

PronounEdit

bir

some

NounEdit

bir (definite accusative biri, plural birler)

mono
single

DeclensionEdit

Inflection

Nominative

bir

Definite accusative

biri

Singular

Plural

Nominative

bir

Definite accusative

Dative

Locative

Ablative

Genitive

Possessive forms
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	birim	birlerim
2nd singular	birin	birlerin
3rd singular	biri	birleri
1st plural	birimiz	birlerimiz
2nd plural	biriniz	birleriniz
3rd plural	birleri	birleri

NumeralEdit

**Turkish cardinal numbers**
< 0	1	2 >
Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birinci Distributive : birer
Turkish Wikipedia article on bir

bir

one

TurkmenEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”)

NumeralEdit

**Turkmen cardinal numbers**
	1	2 >
Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birinji

bir

one

UzbekEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”)

NumeralEdit

**Uzbek cardinal numbers**
	1	2 >
Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birinchi

bir

one

VolapükEdit

Alternative formsEdit

bil (an older term (now obsolete) for "beer", the word bil now means "bile" in reformed Volapük)

EtymologyEdit

Reformed in the 1920s from bil, to make it more like its etymons.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /bir/, [biɾ]

NounEdit

bir (nominative plural birs)

beer

DeclensionEdit

declension of bir

	singular	plural
nominative	bir	birs
genitive	bira	biras
dative	bire	bires
accusative	biri	biris
vocative ¹	o bir!	o birs!
predicative ²	biru	birus

¹ status as a case is disputed
² in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived termsEdit

[1] Orel, Vladimir (1998), “bir”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, page 26

[2] Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*bir (*bīr)”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[3] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “beruro- ‘watercress’”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 63

[1]

[1]

[1]

bir

AlbanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

DeclensionEdit

ReferencesEdit

AzerbaijaniEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

NumeralEdit

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

CimbrianEdit

EtymologyEdit

NounEdit

ReferencesEdit

Crimean TatarEdit

EtymologyEdit

NumeralEdit

ReferencesEdit

GagauzEdit

EtymologyEdit

NumeralEdit

IndonesianEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

CompoundsEdit

See alsoEdit

Further readingEdit

InterlingueEdit

NounEdit

JavaneseEdit

EtymologyEdit

NounEdit

KaraimEdit

NumeralEdit

ReferencesEdit

MalayEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

SynonymsEdit

MalteseEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

Middle EnglishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

NounEdit

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

Middle High GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

NounEdit

DescendantsEdit

Old IrishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

DeclensionEdit

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

Etymology 3Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

MutationEdit

Further readingEdit

ReferencesEdit

TurkishEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

ArticleEdit

PronounEdit