See also: BIR, Bir, and bír

Afar edit

Temporal adverbs
Previous: ambóyra
Next: a bár

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈbir/, [ˈbɪɾ]
  • Hyphenation: bir

Adverb edit

bír

  1. last night

Noun edit

bír m 

  1. last night

Declension edit

Declension of bír
absolutive bír
predicative bíri
subjective bír
genitive birtí
Postpositioned forms
l-case bíril
k-case bírik
t-case bírit
h-case bírih

References edit

  • E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “bir”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004) Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 37
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Albanian edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Albanian *bira, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (compare Old English byre, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂 (baur, son)).[1] Phonetically and semantically close to Messapic *bilia (daughter) and *biles (son), Matzinger reconstructs two different stems: pre-Albanian *bʰi-ro- and pre-Messapic *bʰi-lo-, both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (to grow, become); compare Ancient Greek φῦλον (phûlon, race, tribe). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

bir m (plural bij, definite biri, definite plural bijtë)

  1. son

Declension edit

References edit

  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998), “bir”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 26

Azerbaijani edit

Other scripts
Cyrillic бир
Abjad بیر
Azerbaijani numbers (edit)
10
 ←  0 1 2  →  10  → 
    Cardinal: bir
    Ordinal: birinci

Etymology edit

From Old Anatolian Turkish بر (bir), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bir (*bīr).[1]

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [bir]
  • (file)

Numeral edit

bir

  1. one

Derived terms edit

References edit

  1. ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*bir (*bīr)”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Bikol Central edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from English beer.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

bir

  1. beer
    Synonym: serbesa

Cimbrian edit

Etymology edit

From Middle High German bier, from Old High German bior, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą (beer). Cognate with German Bier, English beer. Doublet of bira.

Noun edit

bir n

  1. (Luserna) beer

References edit

Crimean Tatar edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Turkic *bīr (one).

Numeral edit

Crimean Tatar cardinal numbers
1 2  > 
    Cardinal : bir
    Ordinal : birinci

bir

  1. one

References edit

  • Mirjejev, V. A.; Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎[2], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

Gagauz edit

Gagauz cardinal numbers
1 2  > 
    Cardinal : bir
    Ordinal : birinci

Etymology edit

From Proto-Turkic *bīr (one).

Numeral edit

bir

  1. one

Iban edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from English beer.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

bir

  1. beer

Ili Turki edit

Ili Turki cardinal numbers
1 2  > 
    Cardinal : bir

Etymology edit

From Proto-Turkic *bīr.

Numeral edit

bir

  1. one

Indonesian edit

Etymology edit

From Dutch bier.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

bir (first-person possessive birku, second-person possessive birmu, third-person possessive birnya)

  1. beer

Compounds edit

Further reading edit

Javanese edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Dutch bier (beer).

Noun edit

bir

  1. beer

Karaim edit

Karaim cardinal numbers
1 2  > 
    Cardinal : bir
    Ordinal : birińči

Numeral edit

bir

  1. one

References edit

  1. dnathan.com

Malay edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from English beer.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

bir (Jawi spelling بير, informal 1st possessive birku, 2nd possessive birmu, 3rd possessive birnya)

  1. beer

Synonyms edit

Maltese edit

Etymology edit

From Arabic بِئْر (biʔr).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

bir m (plural bjar)

  1. well

Middle English edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Old English byre (strong wind, storm).

Noun edit

bir (plural birs)

  1. A strong or favorable wind.
  2. An armed assault or sally; a clash or encounter; a blow or stroke; an attack or affliction.
    • c. 1540, Destruction of Troy:
      A ᵹonge knight..suet to þe Duke With a bir on þe brest, þat backeward he ᵹode.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  3. Violence; strength; fury.
    • c. 1400, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight:
      With alle þe bur in his body he ber hit on lofte.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  4. An onrush, swiftness.
  5. A charge on an account.
    • 1415, Account Rolls of the Abbey of Durham:
      Item in l bir de debito versus Rad'm Forster, 13 d.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Descendants edit

  • English: birr

References edit

Middle High German edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Old High German bira, from Vulgar Latin pira, plural of Latin pirum.

Noun edit

bir f

  1. pear

Declension edit

Descendants edit

Old Irish edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Celtic *beru.

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

bir n (genitive bero or bera, nominative plural beura)[1]

  1. stake, spit, point; spear, spike
    • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 67b11
      beura glosses sudes (stake)
Declension edit
Neuter u-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative birN, biur birL, biur beuraL, bira
Vocative birN, biur birL, biur beura
Accusative birN, biur birL, biur beura
Genitive beroH, beraH beroN, beraN beraeN
Dative biurL, biur beraib beraib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Celtic *beru, *beruro- (spring, well), said by Matasović to likely be related to *brutus (fermentation, boiling heat), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-.[2]

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

bir (gender unknown, genitive unattested, nominative plural beru)[3]

  1. water, spring, well
    • c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 158
      bir .i. uisce ... biror ⁊ inbir ⁊ tobur
      spring i.e. water ... watercress and rivermouth and well

Etymology 3 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

·bir

  1. second-person singular present indicative conjunct of beirid

Mutation edit

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
bir bir
pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/
mbir
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References edit

  1. ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 bir (‘stake, spit’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “beruro- ‘watercress’”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 63
  3. ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 bir (‘water, spring’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Romanian edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Hungarian bér.

Noun edit

bir n (plural biruri)

  1. tribute
  2. tax

Declension edit

Salar edit

Salar cardinal numbers
 <  - 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : bir

Etymology edit

From Proto-Turkic *bīr.

Pronunciation edit

  • (Jiezi, Gaizi, Xunhua) IPA(key): [pəɹ]
  • (Chahandusi, Hanbahe, Jiezi, Gaizi, Dazhuang, Mengda, Xunhua, Ili, Samuyuzi, Yining, Xinjiang) IPA(key): [pir], [piɹ]
  • (Chahandusi, Ejia, Daowei, Xunhua) IPA(key): [per], [peɹ]

Numeral edit

bir

  1. one

References edit

  • 林 (Lin), 莲云 (Lianyun) (1985), “bir”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar], Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, page 14
  • Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “bir”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 302, 444
  • 马伟 (Ma Wei), 朝克 (Chao Ke) (2014), “bir”, in 撒拉语366条会话读本 [Salar 366 Conversation Reader], 1st edition, 社会科学文献出版社 (Social Science Literature Press), →ISBN, page 115


Scottish Gaelic edit

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

bir

  1. onomatopoeic alarm noise of a gannet when attacked at night

References edit

  • Edward Dwelly (1911), “bir”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

Sumerian edit

Romanization edit

bir

  1. Romanization of 𒄵 (bir)

Tagalog edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from English beer.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

bir (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜇ᜔)

  1. (colloquial) beer
    Synonym: (dated or formal) serbesa

Derived terms edit

Turkish edit

Turkish numbers (edit)
10
 ←  0 1 2  →  10  → 
    Cardinal: bir
    Ordinal: birinci
    Distributive: birer

Etymology edit

From Ottoman Turkish بر (bir, one), from Old Anatolian Turkish بر (bir, one), from Proto-Turkic *bīr (one). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐰼 (b²ir² /⁠bir⁠/).

p===Pronunciation===

  • IPA(key): (stanndard) /bir/, [biɾ̞̊]
  • IPA(key): (colloquial) /bɪ/, [bɪ]
  • (file)

Numeral edit

bir

  1. one
    Synonym: (archaic) yek

Adjective edit

bir

  1. one

Adverb edit

bir

  1. only, solely, merely

Determiner edit

bir

  1. a, an
    Synonyms: (colloquial) bi', bi

Pronoun edit

bir

  1. some

Noun edit

bir (definite accusative biri, plural birler)

  1. mono
  2. single

Declension edit

Inflection
Nominative bir
Definite accusative biri
Singular Plural
Nominative bir birler
Definite accusative biri birleri
Dative bire birlere
Locative birde birlerde
Ablative birden birlerden
Genitive birin birlerin
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular birim birlerim
2nd singular birin birlerin
3rd singular biri birleri
1st plural birimiz birlerimiz
2nd plural biriniz birleriniz
3rd plural birleri birleri
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular birimi birlerimi
2nd singular birini birlerini
3rd singular birini birlerini
1st plural birimizi birlerimizi
2nd plural birinizi birlerinizi
3rd plural birlerini birlerini
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular birime birlerime
2nd singular birine birlerine
3rd singular birine birlerine
1st plural birimize birlerimize
2nd plural birinize birlerinize
3rd plural birlerine birlerine
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular birimde birlerimde
2nd singular birinde birlerinde
3rd singular birinde birlerinde
1st plural birimizde birlerimizde
2nd plural birinizde birlerinizde
3rd plural birlerinde birlerinde
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular birimden birlerimden
2nd singular birinden birlerinden
3rd singular birinden birlerinden
1st plural birimizden birlerimizden
2nd plural birinizden birlerinizden
3rd plural birlerinden birlerinden
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular birimin birlerimin
2nd singular birinin birlerinin
3rd singular birinin birlerinin
1st plural birimizin birlerimizin
2nd plural birinizin birlerinizin
3rd plural birlerinin birlerinin
Predicative forms
Singular Plural
1st singular birim birlerim
2nd singular birsin birlersin
3rd singular bir
birdir
birler
birlerdir
1st plural biriz birleriz
2nd plural birsiniz birlersiniz
3rd plural birler birlerdir

Further reading edit

  • bir in Reverso (Turkish-English)

Turkmen edit

Turkmen numbers (edit)
10
 ←  0 1 2  →  10  → 
    Cardinal: bir
    Ordinal: birinji

Etymology edit

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bīr (one).[1] Azerbaijani bir, Turkish bir.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /bɪɾ/
  • Hyphenation: bir

Numeral edit

bir[2]

  1. one

Declension edit

References edit

  1. ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972), “bi:r”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 353
  2. ^ bir at Ene dilim

Uzbek edit

Uzbek numbers (edit)
10
 ←  0 1 2  →  10  → 
    Cardinal: bir
    Ordinal: birinchi

Etymology edit

From Proto-Turkic *bīr (one).

Pronunciation edit

Numeral edit

bir

  1. one

Volapük edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Reformed in the 1920s from bil, to make it more like its etymons.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

bir (nominative plural birs)

  1. beer

Declension edit

Derived terms edit