bir

See also: BIR, Bir, and bír

AfarEdit

Temporal adverbs
Previous:	ambóyra
Next:	a bár

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /biɾ/
Hyphenation: bir

AdverbEdit

bír

last night

NounEdit

bír m

last night

DeclensionEdit

Declension of bír

absolutive	bír
predicative	bíri
subjective	bír
genitive	birtí

ReferencesEdit

E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985) , “bir”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004) Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 37
Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

AlbanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Albanian *bira, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérus (compare Old English byre, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂 (baur, “son”)).^[1] Phonetically and semantically close to Messapic *bilia (“daughter”) and *biles (“son”), Matzinger reconstructs two different roots: Proto-Albanian *bʰi-ro and Proto-Messapic *bʰi-lo, both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH (“to grow, become”).

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /biɾ/

NounEdit

bir m (indefinite plural bij, definite singular biri, definite plural bijtë)

son

DeclensionEdit

declension of bir

	indefinite forms (trajta të pashquara)		definite forms (trajta të shquara)
	singular (numri njëjës)	plural (numri shumës)	singular (numri njëjës)	plural (numri shumës)
nominative (emërore)	bir	bij	biri	bijtë
accusative (kallëzore)	bir	bij	birin	bijtë
genitive (gjinore) (i/e/të/së)	biri	bijve	birit	bijvet
dative (dhanore)	biri	bijve	birit	bijvet
ablative (rrjedhore)	biri	bijsh	birit	bijvet

ReferencesEdit

^ Orel, Vladimir (1998) , “bir”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 26

AzerbaijaniEdit

Other scripts
Cyrillic		бир
Roman		bir
Perso-Arabic		بیر‎

**Azerbaijani cardinal numbers**
< 0	1	2 >
Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birinci

EtymologyEdit

From Old Anatolian Turkish بر‎ (bir), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bir (*bīr).^[1]

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): [bir]

NumeralEdit

bir

one

Derived termsEdit

bir-bir (“one by one”)
bir-birini (“each other”)
birbaşa (“directly”)
birdən, birdən-birə (“suddenly”)

ReferencesEdit

^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003) , “*bir (*bīr)”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

CimbrianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle High German bier, from Old High German bior, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą (“beer”). Cognate with German Bier, English beer. Doublet of bira.

NounEdit

bir n

(Luserna) beer

ReferencesEdit

“bir” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Crimean TatarEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).

NumeralEdit

**Crimean Tatar cardinal numbers**
	1	2 >
Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birinci

bir

one

ReferencesEdit

Mirjejev, V. A.; Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎^[2], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

GagauzEdit

**Gagauz cardinal numbers**
	1	2 >
Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birinci

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”)

NumeralEdit

bir

one

IndonesianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Dutch bier, from Middle Dutch bier, from Old Dutch bier, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą (“beer”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰews- (“dross”).

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): [ˈbɪr]
Hyphenation: bir

NounEdit

bir (first-person possessive birku, second-person possessive birmu, third-person possessive birnya)

beer

CompoundsEdit

bir pletok

JavaneseEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Dutch bier (“beer”).

NounEdit

bir

beer

KaraimEdit

**Karaim cardinal numbers**
	1	2 >
Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birińči

NumeralEdit

bir

one

ReferencesEdit

dnathan.com

MalayEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from English beer.

PronunciationEdit

(Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /be(r)/
(Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /bɪ(r)/
Rhymes: -be(r), -e(r)

NounEdit

bir (Jawi spelling بير‎, informal 1st possessive birku, impolite 2nd possessive birmu, 3rd possessive birnya)

beer

SynonymsEdit

arak

MalteseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Arabic بِئْر‎ (biʾr).

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /biːr/
Rhymes: -iːr

NounEdit

bir m (plural bjar)

well

Middle EnglishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

bire, bur, byre

EtymologyEdit

From Old English byre (“strong wind, storm”).

NounEdit

bir (plural birs)

A strong or favorable wind.
- c. 1540, Destruction of Troy:
  Were blouen to þe brode se in a bir swithe.
An armed assault or sally; a clash or encounter; a blow or stroke; an attack or affliction.
- c. 1540, Destruction of Troy:
  A ᵹonge knight..suet to þe Duke With a bir on þe brest, þat backeward he ᵹode.
Violence; strength; fury.
- c. 1400, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight:
  With alle þe bur in his body he ber hit on lofte.
An onrush, swiftness.
- 1425, Wycliffe Bible, Judges 5:22:
  Enemyes fledden with bire.
A charge on an account.
- 1415, Account Rolls of the Abbey of Durham:
  Item in l bir de debito versus Rad'm Forster, 13 d.

DescendantsEdit

English: birr

ReferencesEdit

“bir(e, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Middle High GermanEdit

Alternative formsEdit

bire, pir

EtymologyEdit

From Old High German bira, from Vulgar Latin pira, plural of Latin pirum.

NounEdit

bir ? (plural birn)

pear

DescendantsEdit

Alemannic German: Biire
German: Birne
- → Estonian: pirn
Luxembourgish: Bir
Vilamovian: biyn
Yiddish: באַר‎ (bar)

Old IrishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Celtic *beru

Alternative formsEdit

biur

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /bʲir/

NounEdit

bir n (genitive bero or bera, nominative plural beura)

stake, spit, point; spear, spike
- c. 845, St. Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 67^b11
  beura glosses sudes (“stake”)

DeclensionEdit

Neuter u-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	bir^N, biur	bir^L, biur	beura^L, bira
Vocative	bir^N, biur	bir^L, biur	beura
Accusative	bir^N, biur	bir^L, biur	beura
Genitive	bero^H, bera^H	bero^N, bera^N	berae^N
Dative	biur^L, biur	beraib	beraib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Derived termsEdit

berach (“pointed”)

DescendantsEdit

Irish: bior
Scottish Gaelic: bior

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Celtic *beru, *beruro- (“spring, well”), said by Matasović to likely be related to *brutus (“fermentation, boiling heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-.^[1]

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /bʲir/

NounEdit

bir (gender unknown, genitive unattested, nominative plural beru)

water, spring, well
- c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 158
  bir .i. uisce ... biror ⁊ inbir ⁊ tobur

Etymology 3Edit

See the etymology of the main entry.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /bʲirʲ/

VerbEdit

·bir

second-person singular present indicative conjunct of beirid

MutationEdit

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
bir	bir pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/	mbir
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

ReferencesEdit

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) , “beruro- ‘watercress’”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 63

RomanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Hungarian bér

NounEdit

bir n (plural biruri)

tribute

DeclensionEdit

Declension of bir

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) bir	birul	(niște) bire	birele
genitive/dative	(unui) bir	birului	(unor) bire	birelor
vocative	birule		birelor

SumerianEdit

RomanizationEdit

bir

Romanization of 𒄵 (bir)

TurkishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Ottoman Turkish بر‎ (bir, “one”), from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐰼‎ (b²ir² /bir/).

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /biɾ̝̊/

ArticleEdit

bir

a, an

PronounEdit

bir

some

NounEdit

bir (definite accusative biri, plural birler)

mono
single

DeclensionEdit

Inflection

Nominative

bir

Definite accusative

biri

Singular

Plural

Nominative

bir

Definite accusative

Dative

Locative

Ablative

Genitive

Possessive forms
Nominative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	birim	birlerim
2nd singular	birin	birlerin
3rd singular	biri	birleri
1st plural	birimiz	birlerimiz
2nd plural	biriniz	birleriniz
3rd plural	birleri	birleri
Definite accusative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	birimi	birlerimi
2nd singular	birini	birlerini
3rd singular	birini	birlerini
1st plural	birimizi	birlerimizi
2nd plural	birinizi	birlerinizi
3rd plural	birlerini	birlerini
Dative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	birime	birlerime
2nd singular	birine	birlerine
3rd singular	birine	birlerine
1st plural	birimize	birlerimize
2nd plural	birinize	birlerinize
3rd plural	birlerine	birlerine
Locative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	birimde	birlerimde
2nd singular	birinde	birlerinde
3rd singular	birinde	birlerinde
1st plural	birimizde	birlerimizde
2nd plural	birinizde	birlerinizde
3rd plural	birlerinde	birlerinde
Ablative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	birimden	birlerimden
2nd singular	birinden	birlerinden
3rd singular	birinden	birlerinden
1st plural	birimizden	birlerimizden
2nd plural	birinizden	birlerinizden
3rd plural	birlerinden	birlerinden
Genitive
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	birimin	birlerimin
2nd singular	birinin	birlerinin
3rd singular	birinin	birlerinin
1st plural	birimizin	birlerimizin
2nd plural	birinizin	birlerinizin
3rd plural	birlerinin	birlerinin

NumeralEdit

**Turkish cardinal numbers**
< 0	1	2 >
Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birinci Distributive : birer
Turkish Wikipedia article on bir

bir

one

TurkmenEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”)

NumeralEdit

**Turkmen cardinal numbers**
	1	2 >
Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birinji

bir

one

UzbekEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”)

NumeralEdit

**Uzbek cardinal numbers**
	1	2 >
Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birinchi

bir

one

VolapükEdit

Alternative formsEdit

bil (an older term (now obsolete) for "beer", the word bil now means "bile" in reformed Volapük)

EtymologyEdit

Reformed in the 1920s from bil, to make it more like its etymons.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /bir/, [biɾ]

NounEdit

bir (nominative plural birs)

beer

DeclensionEdit

declension of bir

	singular	plural
nominative	bir	birs
genitive	bira	biras
dative	bire	bires
accusative	biri	biris
vocative ¹	o bir!	o birs!
predicative ²	biru	birus

¹ status as a case is disputed
² in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived termsEdit

[1] Orel, Vladimir (1998) , “bir”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 26

[2] Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003) , “*bir (*bīr)”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[3] Matasović, Ranko (2009) , “beruro- ‘watercress’”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 63

[1]

[1]

[1]

bir

AfarEdit

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

NounEdit

DeclensionEdit

ReferencesEdit

AlbanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

DeclensionEdit

ReferencesEdit

AzerbaijaniEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

NumeralEdit

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

CimbrianEdit

EtymologyEdit

NounEdit

ReferencesEdit

Crimean TatarEdit

EtymologyEdit

NumeralEdit

ReferencesEdit

GagauzEdit

EtymologyEdit

NumeralEdit

IndonesianEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

CompoundsEdit

See alsoEdit

Further readingEdit

JavaneseEdit

EtymologyEdit

NounEdit

KaraimEdit

NumeralEdit

ReferencesEdit

MalayEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

SynonymsEdit

MalteseEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

Middle EnglishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

NounEdit

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

Middle High GermanEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

NounEdit

DescendantsEdit

Old IrishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

DeclensionEdit

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

Etymology 3Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

MutationEdit

Further readingEdit

ReferencesEdit