bir
Afar edit
Previous: | ambóyra |
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Next: | a bár |
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
bír
Noun edit
bír m
Declension edit
Declension of bír | ||||||||||||||||||
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absolutive | bír | |||||||||||||||||
predicative | bíri | |||||||||||||||||
subjective | bír | |||||||||||||||||
genitive | birtí | |||||||||||||||||
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References edit
- E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “bir”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004) Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 37
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
Albanian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Albanian *bira, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (compare Old English byre, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂 (baur, “son”)).[1] Phonetically and semantically close to Messapic *bilia (“daughter”) and *biles (“son”), Matzinger reconstructs two different stems: pre-Albanian *bʰi-ro- and pre-Messapic *bʰi-lo-, both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, become”); compare Ancient Greek φῦλον (phûlon, “race, tribe”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bir m (plural bij, definite biri, definite plural bijtë)
Declension edit
References edit
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998), “bir”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 26
Azerbaijani edit
Cyrillic | бир | |
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Abjad | بیر |
10 | ||||
← 0 | 1 | 2 → | 10 → | |
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Cardinal: bir Ordinal: birinci |
Etymology edit
From Old Anatolian Turkish بر (bir), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bir (*bīr).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Numeral edit
bir
Derived terms edit
- bir-bir (“one by one”)
- bir-birini (“each other”)
- birbaşa (“directly”)
- bircə (“one, sole”)
- birdən, birdən-birə (“suddenly”)
- bir də (“and; once again, ever again”)
- bir daha (“once again, ever again”)
- birər
References edit
- ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*bir (*bīr)”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Bikol Central edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bir
Cimbrian edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German bier, from Old High German bior, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą (“beer”). Cognate with German Bier, English beer. Doublet of bira.
Noun edit
bir n
References edit
- “bir” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Crimean Tatar edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).
Numeral edit
1 | 2 > | |
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Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birinci | ||
bir
References edit
Gagauz edit
1 | 2 > | |
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Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birinci | ||
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).
Numeral edit
bir
Iban edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bir
Ili Turki edit
1 | 2 > | |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : bir | ||
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *bīr.
Numeral edit
bir
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bir (first-person possessive birku, second-person possessive birmu, third-person possessive birnya)
Compounds edit
Further reading edit
- “bir” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Javanese edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Dutch bier (“beer”).
Noun edit
bir
Karaim edit
1 | 2 > | |
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Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birińči | ||
Numeral edit
bir
References edit
Malay edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /be(r)/
- (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /bɪ(r)/
- Rhymes: -be(r), -e(r)
Noun edit
bir (Jawi spelling بير, informal 1st possessive birku, 2nd possessive birmu, 3rd possessive birnya)
Synonyms edit
Maltese edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bir m (plural bjar)
Middle English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old English byre (“strong wind, storm”).
Noun edit
bir (plural birs)
- A strong or favorable wind.
- c. 1540, Destruction of Troy:
- Were blouen to þe brode se in a bir swithe.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- An armed assault or sally; a clash or encounter; a blow or stroke; an attack or affliction.
- c. 1540, Destruction of Troy:
- A ᵹonge knight..suet to þe Duke With a bir on þe brest, þat backeward he ᵹode.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Violence; strength; fury.
- c. 1400, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight:
- With alle þe bur in his body he ber hit on lofte.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- An onrush, swiftness.
- 1425, Wycliffe Bible, Judges 5:22:
- Enemyes fledden with bire.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1425, Wycliffe Bible, Judges 5:22:
- A charge on an account.
- 1415, Account Rolls of the Abbey of Durham:
- Item in l bir de debito versus Rad'm Forster, 13 d.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1415, Account Rolls of the Abbey of Durham:
Descendants edit
- English: birr
References edit
- “bir(e, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Middle High German edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old High German bira, from Vulgar Latin pira, plural of Latin pirum.
Noun edit
bir f
Declension edit
Descendants edit
Old Irish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Celtic *beru.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bir n (genitive bero or bera, nominative plural beura)[1]
Declension edit
Neuter u-stem | |||
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Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | birN, biur | birL, biur | beuraL, bira |
Vocative | birN, biur | birL, biur | beura |
Accusative | birN, biur | birL, biur | beura |
Genitive | beroH, beraH | beroN, beraN | beraeN |
Dative | biurL, biur | beraib | beraib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Derived terms edit
- berach (“pointed”)
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Celtic *beru, *beruro- (“spring, well”), said by Matasović to likely be related to *brutus (“fermentation, boiling heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-.[2]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bir (gender unknown, genitive unattested, nominative plural beru)[3]
- water, spring, well
- c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 158
- bir .i. uisce ... biror ⁊ inbir ⁊ tobur
- spring i.e. water ... watercress and rivermouth and well
- c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 158
Etymology 3 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
·bir
- second-person singular present indicative conjunct of beirid
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
bir | bir pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ |
mbir |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 bir (‘stake, spit’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “beruro- ‘watercress’”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 63
- ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 bir (‘water, spring’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
bir n (plural biruri)
Declension edit
Salar edit
< - | 1 | 2 > |
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Cardinal : bir | ||
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *bīr.
Pronunciation edit
- (Jiezi, Gaizi, Xunhua) IPA(key): [pəɹ]
- (Chahandusi, Hanbahe, Jiezi, Gaizi, Dazhuang, Mengda, Xunhua, Ili, Samuyuzi, Yining, Xinjiang) IPA(key): [pir], [piɹ]
- (Chahandusi, Ejia, Daowei, Xunhua) IPA(key): [per], [peɹ]
Numeral edit
bir
References edit
- 林 (Lin), 莲云 (Lianyun) (1985), “bir”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar], Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, page 14
- Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “bir”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 302, 444
- 马伟 (Ma Wei), 朝克 (Chao Ke) (2014), “bir”, in 撒拉语366条会话读本 [Salar 366 Conversation Reader], 1st edition, 社会科学文献出版社 (Social Science Literature Press), →ISBN, page 115
Scottish Gaelic edit
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
bir
- onomatopoeic alarm noise of a gannet when attacked at night
References edit
Sumerian edit
Romanization edit
bir
- Romanization of 𒄵 (bir)
Tagalog edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bir (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜇ᜔)
- (colloquial) beer
- Synonym: (dated or formal) serbesa
Derived terms edit
Turkish edit
10 | ||||
← 0 | 1 | 2 → | 10 → | |
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Cardinal: bir Ordinal: birinci Distributive: birer |
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish بر (bir, “one”), from Old Anatolian Turkish بر (bir, “one”), from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐰼 (b²ir² /bir/).
p===Pronunciation===
Numeral edit
bir
Adjective edit
bir
Adverb edit
bir
Determiner edit
bir
Pronoun edit
bir
Noun edit
bir (definite accusative biri, plural birler)
Declension edit
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | bir | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | biri | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | bir | birler | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | biri | birleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | bire | birlere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | birde | birlerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | birden | birlerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | birin | birlerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Further reading edit
- bir in Reverso (Turkish-English)
Turkmen edit
10 | ||||
← 0 | 1 | 2 → | 10 → | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cardinal: bir Ordinal: birinji |
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).[1] Azerbaijani bir, Turkish bir.
Pronunciation edit
Numeral edit
bir[2]
Declension edit
References edit
- ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972), “bi:r”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 353
- ^ bir at Ene dilim
Uzbek edit
10 | ||||
← 0 | 1 | 2 → | 10 → | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cardinal: bir Ordinal: birinchi |
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).
Pronunciation edit
Numeral edit
bir
Volapük edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Reformed in the 1920s from bil, to make it more like its etymons.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bir (nominative plural birs)