kuru
English edit
Etymology edit
From Fore kúru (literally “trembling, shivering”).[1][2] Perhaps eventually from Proto-Gorokan *kút(V) (“dangling, shaking”) if cognate with the reduplicated element of Yagaria gúli gúli hu- (“be loose, rattle”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kuru (uncountable)
- A chronic, progressive, fatal central nervous system disease found mainly among the Fore and neighboring peoples of New Guinea, caused by a prion that probably resembles the scrapie agent of sheep, transmissible to nonhuman primates, and believed to be transmitted by ritual cannibalism.
- Synonyms: laughing death, laughing sickness
- 1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 273:
- By the late 1950s, kuru was the leading cause of death among Fore women, and it had killed so many that men outnumbered women by three to one.
Translations edit
References edit
- ^ Scott, Graham (1978) The Fore Language of Papua New Guinea, Pacific Linguistics, , →ISBN, pages 2, 6
- ^ Zigas, V., Gajdusek, D. C. (1957 November 23) “Kuru: Clinical study of a new syndrome resembling paralysis agitans in natives of the Eastern Highlands of Australian New Guinea”, in Medical Journal of Australia, volume 2, number 21, , pages 745-754
Anagrams edit
Ainu edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kuru (Kana spelling クル, plural utara)
- (with modifiers) person
Usage notes edit
This word is similar in usage to Japanese 者 (mono), in the sense that it cannot stand in a sentence as an independent word and is never used without a modifier.
See also edit
- pe (“thing”)
Ajië edit
Verb edit
kuru
References edit
- Handschuh, Corinna (2014) A typology of marked-S languages
Czech edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kuru
Esperanto edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
kuru
- imperative of kuri
Fijian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Central-Pacific *kuru, from Proto-Oceanic *kuruq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *guruq.
Noun edit
kuru (plural kurukuru)
- thunder (sound caused by a lightning)
Finnish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Finnic *kuru (compare Estonian kuru), from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kure (compare Komi-Zyrian кыр (kyr), Eastern Mari курык (kuryk), Eastern Khanty кор (kor)).
Noun edit
kuru
- (geography) gorge, gulch, ravine, flume (narrow v-shaped valley, often with water running through)
- Hypernym: rotko
- canyon
Declension edit
Inflection of kuru (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | kuru | kurut | ||
genitive | kurun | kurujen | ||
partitive | kurua | kuruja | ||
illative | kuruun | kuruihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | kuru | kurut | ||
accusative | nom. | kuru | kurut | |
gen. | kurun | |||
genitive | kurun | kurujen | ||
partitive | kurua | kuruja | ||
inessive | kurussa | kuruissa | ||
elative | kurusta | kuruista | ||
illative | kuruun | kuruihin | ||
adessive | kurulla | kuruilla | ||
ablative | kurulta | kuruilta | ||
allative | kurulle | kuruille | ||
essive | kuruna | kuruina | ||
translative | kuruksi | kuruiksi | ||
abessive | kurutta | kuruitta | ||
instructive | — | kuruin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “kuru”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 2 edit
From English kuru, from Fore kúru (“trembling, shivering; kuru”).
Noun edit
kuru
Declension edit
Inflection of kuru (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | kuru | — | ||
genitive | kurun | — | ||
partitive | kurua | — | ||
illative | kuruun | — | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | kuru | — | ||
accusative | nom. | kuru | — | |
gen. | kurun | |||
genitive | kurun | — | ||
partitive | kurua | — | ||
inessive | kurussa | — | ||
elative | kurusta | — | ||
illative | kuruun | — | ||
adessive | kurulla | — | ||
ablative | kurulta | — | ||
allative | kurulle | — | ||
essive | kuruna | — | ||
translative | kuruksi | — | ||
abessive | kurutta | — | ||
instructive | — | — | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of kuru (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
See also edit
Anagrams edit
Guinea-Bissau Creole edit
Etymology edit
From Portuguese couro.
Noun edit
kuru
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
kuru
Javanese edit
Alternative forms edit
- Carakan: ꦏꦸꦫꦸ
Adjective edit
kuru (ngoko kuru, krama kera)
Kwama edit
Etymology edit
Cognate with Komo kura (“donkey”).
Noun edit
kuru
References edit
- Goldberg, Justin, Asadik, Habte, Bekama, Jiregna, Mengistu, Mulat (2016) Gwama – English Dictionary[2], SIL International
Latvian edit
Pronoun edit
kuru
- inflection of kurš:
Verb edit
kuru
Lower Sorbian edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kuru
Maori edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuluʀ. Cognates include Hawaiian ʻulu, Fijian kulu, Malay kulur.
Noun edit
kuru
- breadfruit
- Kīhai te kuru, te niu me te panana i tipu ki Aotearoa nei – he tipu ēnei i mauria haere e ngā tīpuna Māori i ō rātou torotoronga i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
- Breadfruit, coconut palms and bananas did not grow in New Zealand – these were plants Māori ancestors carried throughout the Pacific in their explorations.
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *kulu (“to strike”).
Verb edit
kuru (passive kurua or kurungia or kurutia)
Noun edit
kuru
Ngan'gityemerri edit
Noun edit
kuru
References edit
- Tryon, Darrell T. (1970) An introduction to Maranungku (Northern Australia) (quoted online in ASJP)
Pitjantjatjara edit
Noun edit
kuru
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kuru m inan
Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Fore kúru (literally “trembling, shivering”).
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -u
- Hyphenation: ku‧ru
Noun edit
kuru m (uncountable)
Further reading edit
- “kuru” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024.
Quechua edit
Noun edit
kuru
Declension edit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | kuru | kurukuna |
accusative | kuruta | kurukunata |
dative | kuruman | kurukunaman |
genitive | kurup | kurukunap |
locative | kurupi | kurukunapi |
terminative | kurukama | kurukunakama |
ablative | kurumanta | kurukunamanta |
instrumental | kuruwan | kurukunawan |
comitative | kuruntin | kurukunantin |
abessive | kurunnaq | kurukunannaq |
comparative | kuruhina | kurukunahina |
causative | kururayku | kurukunarayku |
benefactive | kurupaq | kurukunapaq |
associative | kurupura | kurukunapura |
distributive | kurunka | kurukunanka |
exclusive | kurulla | kurukunalla |
ñuqap (my) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kuruy | kuruykuna |
accusative | kuruyta | kuruykunata |
dative | kuruyman | kuruykunaman |
genitive | kuruypa | kuruykunap |
locative | kuruypi | kuruykunapi |
terminative | kuruykama | kuruykunakama |
ablative | kuruymanta | kuruykunamanta |
instrumental | kuruywan | kuruykunawan |
comitative | kuruynintin | kuruykunantin |
abessive | kuruyninnaq | kuruykunannaq |
comparative | kuruyhina | kuruykunahina |
causative | kuruyrayku | kuruykunarayku |
benefactive | kuruypaq | kuruykunapaq |
associative | kuruypura | kuruykunapura |
distributive | kuruyninka | kuruykunanka |
exclusive | kuruylla | kuruykunalla |
qampa (your) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kuruyki | kuruykikuna |
accusative | kuruykita | kuruykikunata |
dative | kuruykiman | kuruykikunaman |
genitive | kuruykipa | kuruykikunap |
locative | kuruykipi | kuruykikunapi |
terminative | kuruykikama | kuruykikunakama |
ablative | kuruykimanta | kuruykikunamanta |
instrumental | kuruykiwan | kuruykikunawan |
comitative | kuruykintin | kuruykikunantin |
abessive | kuruykinnaq | kuruykikunannaq |
comparative | kuruykihina | kuruykikunahina |
causative | kuruykirayku | kuruykikunarayku |
benefactive | kuruykipaq | kuruykikunapaq |
associative | kuruykipura | kuruykikunapura |
distributive | kuruykinka | kuruykikunanka |
exclusive | kuruykilla | kuruykikunalla |
paypa (his/her/its) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kurun | kurunkuna |
accusative | kurunta | kurunkunata |
dative | kurunman | kurunkunaman |
genitive | kurunpa | kurunkunap |
locative | kurunpi | kurunkunapi |
terminative | kurunkama | kurunkunakama |
ablative | kurunmanta | kurunkunamanta |
instrumental | kurunwan | kurunkunawan |
comitative | kurunintin | kurunkunantin |
abessive | kurunninnaq | kurunkunannaq |
comparative | kurunhina | kurunkunahina |
causative | kurunrayku | kurunkunarayku |
benefactive | kurunpaq | kurunkunapaq |
associative | kurunpura | kurunkunapura |
distributive | kuruninka | kurunkunanka |
exclusive | kurunlla | kurunkunalla |
ñuqanchikpa (our(incl)) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kurunchik | kurunchikkuna |
accusative | kurunchikta | kurunchikkunata |
dative | kurunchikman | kurunchikkunaman |
genitive | kurunchikpa | kurunchikkunap |
locative | kurunchikpi | kurunchikkunapi |
terminative | kurunchikkama | kurunchikkunakama |
ablative | kurunchikmanta | kurunchikkunamanta |
instrumental | kurunchikwan | kurunchikkunawan |
comitative | kurunchiknintin | kurunchikkunantin |
abessive | kurunchikninnaq | kurunchikkunannaq |
comparative | kurunchikhina | kurunchikkunahina |
causative | kurunchikrayku | kurunchikkunarayku |
benefactive | kurunchikpaq | kurunchikkunapaq |
associative | kurunchikpura | kurunchikkunapura |
distributive | kurunchikninka | kurunchikkunanka |
exclusive | kurunchiklla | kurunchikkunalla |
ñuqaykup (our(excl)) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kuruyku | kuruykukuna |
accusative | kuruykuta | kuruykukunata |
dative | kuruykuman | kuruykukunaman |
genitive | kuruykupa | kuruykukunap |
locative | kuruykupi | kuruykukunapi |
terminative | kuruykukama | kuruykukunakama |
ablative | kuruykumanta | kuruykukunamanta |
instrumental | kuruykuwan | kuruykukunawan |
comitative | kuruykuntin | kuruykukunantin |
abessive | kuruykunnaq | kuruykukunannaq |
comparative | kuruykuhina | kuruykukunahina |
causative | kuruykurayku | kuruykukunarayku |
benefactive | kuruykupaq | kuruykukunapaq |
associative | kuruykupura | kuruykukunapura |
distributive | kuruykunka | kuruykukunanka |
exclusive | kuruykulla | kuruykukunalla |
qamkunap (your(pl)) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kuruykichik | kuruykichikkuna |
accusative | kuruykichikta | kuruykichikkunata |
dative | kuruykichikman | kuruykichikkunaman |
genitive | kuruykichikpa | kuruykichikkunap |
locative | kuruykichikpi | kuruykichikkunapi |
terminative | kuruykichikkama | kuruykichikkunakama |
ablative | kuruykichikmanta | kuruykichikkunamanta |
instrumental | kuruykichikwan | kuruykichikkunawan |
comitative | kuruykichiknintin | kuruykichikkunantin |
abessive | kuruykichikninnaq | kuruykichikkunannaq |
comparative | kuruykichikhina | kuruykichikkunahina |
causative | kuruykichikrayku | kuruykichikkunarayku |
benefactive | kuruykichikpaq | kuruykichikkunapaq |
associative | kuruykichikpura | kuruykichikkunapura |
distributive | kuruykichikninka | kuruykichikkunanka |
exclusive | kuruykichiklla | kuruykichikkunalla |
paykunap (their) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | kurunku | kurunkukuna |
accusative | kurunkuta | kurunkukunata |
dative | kurunkuman | kurunkukunaman |
genitive | kurunkupa | kurunkukunap |
locative | kurunkupi | kurunkukunapi |
terminative | kurunkukama | kurunkukunakama |
ablative | kurunkumanta | kurunkukunamanta |
instrumental | kurunkuwan | kurunkukunawan |
comitative | kurunkuntin | kurunkukunantin |
abessive | kurunkunnaq | kurunkukunannaq |
comparative | kurunkuhina | kurunkukunahina |
causative | kurunkurayku | kurunkukunarayku |
benefactive | kurunkupaq | kurunkukunapaq |
associative | kurunkupura | kurunkukunapura |
distributive | kurunkunka | kurunkukunanka |
exclusive | kurunkulla | kurunkukunalla |
Rasawa edit
Noun edit
kuru
Further reading edit
- Palmer, Bill (2017) The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area, →ISBN, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages, page 531
Shona edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *-kʊ́dʊ́.
Adjective edit
-kúrú
Inflection edit
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class 1 | mukúrú | Class 2 | vakúrú | ||
Class 3 | mukúrú | Class 4 | mikúrú | ||
Class 5 | gúrú | Class 6 | makúrú | ||
Class 7 | chikúrú | Class 8 | zvikúrú | ||
Class 9 | húrú | Class 10 | húrú | ||
Class 11 | rukúrú | ||||
Class 12 | kakúrú | Class 13 | tukúrú | ||
Class 14 | ukúrú | ||||
Class 15 | kukúrú | ||||
Locative classes | |||||
Class 16 | pakúrú | Class 17 | kukúrú | Class 18 | mukúrú |
Derived terms edit
- ukuru (“greatness”)
Slovak edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kuru f
Tooro edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *-kʊ́dʊ́.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
-kuru (declinable)
Declension edit
Noun class | indefinite | definite | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | |
1/2 | mukuru | bakuru | omukuru | abakuru |
3/4 | mukuru | mikuru | omukuru | emikuru |
5/6 | likuru | makuru | erikuru | amakuru |
7/8 | kikuru | bikuru | ekikuru | ebikuru |
9/10 | nkuru | nkuru | enkuru | enkuru |
11/10 | rukuru | orukuru | ||
12/14 | kakuru | bukuru | akakuru | obukuru |
13 | tukuru | otukuru | ||
14/6 | bukuru | makuru | obukuru | amakuru |
15/6 | kukuru | okukuru | ||
16 | hakuru | ahakuru |
References edit
Turkish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قورو, from Proto-Turkic *kūr. Cognate with Azerbaijani quru, Tatar коры (qorı), Karachay-Balkar къуру (quru), Uzbek quruq, Uyghur قۇرۇق (quruq), Khakas хуруғ (xuruğ), Chuvash хӑрӑк (hărăk, “dry (of wood)”).
Adjective edit
kuru
Declension edit
present tense | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
ben (I am) | kuruyum | kuru muyum? | kuru değilim | kuru değil miyim? |
sen (you are) | kurusun | kuru musun? | kuru değilsin | kuru değil misin? |
o (he/she/it is) | kuru / kurudur | kuru mu? | kuru değil | kuru değil mi? |
biz (we are) | kuruyuz | kuru muyuz? | kuru değiliz | kuru değil miyiz? |
siz (you are) | kurusunuz | kuru musunuz? | kuru değilsiniz | kuru değil misiniz? |
onlar (they are) | kuru(lar) | kuru(lar) mı? | kuru değil(ler) | kuru değiller mi? |
past tense | ||||
positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
ben (I was) | kuruydum | kuru muydum? | kuru değildim | kuru değil miydim? |
sen (you were) | kuruydun | kuru muydun? | kuru değildin | kuru değil miydin? |
o (he/she/it was) | kuruydu | kuru muydu? | kuru değildi | kuru değil miydi? |
biz (we were) | kuruyduk | kuru muyduk? | kuru değildik | kuru değil miydik? |
siz (you were) | kuruydunuz | kuru muydunuz? | kuru değildiniz | kuru değil miydiniz? |
onlar (they were) | kuruydular | kuru muydular? | kuru değildi(ler) / değillerdi | kuru değil miydiler? |
indirect past | ||||
positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
ben (I was) | kuruymuşum | kuru muymuşum? | kuru değilmişim | kuru değil miymişim? |
sen (you were) | kuruymuşsun | kuru muymuşsun? | kuru değilmişsin | kuru değil miymişsin? |
o (he/she/it was) | kuruymuş | kuru muymuş? | kuru değilmiş | kuru değil miymiş? |
biz (we were) | kuruymuşuz | kuru muymuşuz? | kuru değilmişiz | kuru değil miymişiz? |
siz (you were) | kuruymuşsunuz | kuru muymuşsunuz? | kuru değilmişsiniz | kuru değil miymişsiniz? |
onlar (they were) | kuruymuşlar | kuru muymuşlar? | kuru değilmiş(ler) / değillermiş | kuru değil miymişler? |
conditional | ||||
positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
ben (if I) | kuruysam | kuru muysam? | kuru değilsem | kuru değil miysem? |
sen (if you) | kuruysan | kuru muysan? | kuru değilsen | kuru değil miysen? |
o (if he/she/it) | kuruysa | kuru muysa? | kuru değilse | kuru değil miyse? |
biz (if we) | kuruysak | kuru muysak? | kuru değilsek | kuru değil miysek? |
siz (if you) | kuruysanız | kuru muysanız? | kuru değilseniz | kuru değil miyseniz? |
onlar (if they) | kuruysalar | kuru muysalar? | kuru değilseler / değillerse | kuru değil miyseler? |
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قورو”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[4], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1485
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
kuru
Yoruba edit
Etymology edit
Possibly related to kūrū̀
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
kúrú