kuru

See also: Kuru, kurů, kůru, kůrů, and kūru

English

Etymology

From Fore kúru (literally “trembling, shivering”). Perhaps eventually from Proto-Gorokan *kút(V) (“dangling, shaking”) if cognate with the reduplicated element of Yagaria gúli gúli hu- (“be loose, rattle”).

Pronunciation

• (General Australian) IPA^(key): /ˈkʉː.ɹʉː/
• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈkʊ.ɹuː/

Noun

kuru (uncountable)

1. A chronic, progressive, fatal central nervous system disease found mainly among the Fore and neighboring peoples of New Guinea, caused by a prion that probably resembles the scrapie agent of sheep, transmissible to nonhuman primates, and believed to be transmitted by ritual cannibalism.
   • 1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 273:

     By the late 1950s, kuru was the leading cause of death among Fore women, and it had killed so many that men outnumbered women by three to one.

   Synonyms: laughing death, laughing sickness

Translations

central nervous system disease

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 庫魯病／库鲁病 (kùlǔbìng)

• Esperanto: kuruo
• Finnish: kuru (fi)
• French: kuru (fr) m
• German: Kuru f
• Irish: kuru m
• Portuguese: kuru (pt) m
• Russian: ку́ру (ru) f (kúru)

Anagrams

• Uruk, ruku'

Ainu

Alternative forms

• kur (apocopic)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kùꜛɾú/
• (rendaku) IPA^(key): /ɡùꜛɾú/

Noun

kuru (Kana spelling クル, plural utara)

1. (with modifiers) person

   repunkuru ― foreigner (literally, “person in the sea”)

   tan kuru ― this person

Usage notes

This word is similar in usage to Japanese 者(もの) (mono), in the sense that it cannot stand in a sentence as an independent word and is never used without a modifier.

See also

• pe (“thing”)

Ajië

Verb

kuru

1. sleep

References

• Handschuh, Corinna (2014) A typology of marked-S languages

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkuru]

Noun

kuru

1. dative/locative singular of kur

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkuru]
• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uru
• Hyphenation: ku‧ru

Verb

kuru

1. imperative of kuri

Fijian

Etymology

From Proto-Central-Pacific *kuru, from Proto-Oceanic *kuruq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *guruq.

Noun

kuru (plural kurukuru)

1. thunder (sound caused by a lightning)

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkuru/, [ˈkuru]
• Rhymes: -uru
• Syllabification^(key): ku‧ru

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *kuru (compare Estonian kuru), from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kure (compare Komi-Zyrian кыр (kyr), Eastern Mari курык (kuryk), Khanty кор (kor)).

Noun

kuru

1. (geography) gorge, gulch, ravine, flume (narrow v-shaped valley, often with water running through)

   Hypernym: rotko

2. canyon

   Synonyms: kanjoni, rotko

Declension

Inflection of kuru (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		kuru	kurut
genitive		kurun	kurujen
partitive		kurua	kuruja
illative		kuruun	kuruihin
		singular	plural
nominative		kuru	kurut
accusative	nom.	kuru	kurut
	gen.	kurun
genitive		kurun	kurujen
partitive		kurua	kuruja
inessive		kurussa	kuruissa
elative		kurusta	kuruista
illative		kuruun	kuruihin
adessive		kurulla	kuruilla
ablative		kurulta	kuruilta
allative		kurulle	kuruille
essive		kuruna	kuruina
translative		kuruksi	kuruiksi
instructive		—	kuruin
abessive		kurutta	kuruitta
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of kuru (type valo)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kuruni kuruni accusative nom. kuruni kuruni gen. kuruni genitive kuruni kurujeni partitive kuruani kurujani inessive kurussani kuruissani elative kurustani kuruistani illative kuruuni kuruihini adessive kurullani kuruillani ablative kurultani kuruiltani allative kurulleni kuruilleni essive kurunani kuruinani translative kurukseni kuruikseni instructive — — abessive kuruttani kuruittani comitative — kuruineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kurusi kurusi accusative nom. kurusi kurusi gen. kurusi genitive kurusi kurujesi partitive kuruasi kurujasi inessive kurussasi kuruissasi elative kurustasi kuruistasi illative kuruusi kuruihisi adessive kurullasi kuruillasi ablative kurultasi kuruiltasi allative kurullesi kuruillesi essive kurunasi kuruinasi translative kuruksesi kuruiksesi instructive — — abessive kuruttasi kuruittasi comitative — kuruinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kurumme kurumme accusative nom. kurumme kurumme gen. kurumme genitive kurumme kurujemme partitive kuruamme kurujamme inessive kurussamme kuruissamme elative kurustamme kuruistamme illative kuruumme kuruihimme adessive kurullamme kuruillamme ablative kurultamme kuruiltamme allative kurullemme kuruillemme essive kurunamme kuruinamme translative kuruksemme kuruiksemme instructive — — abessive kuruttamme kuruittamme comitative — kuruinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kurunne kurunne accusative nom. kurunne kurunne gen. kurunne genitive kurunne kurujenne partitive kuruanne kurujanne inessive kurussanne kuruissanne elative kurustanne kuruistanne illative kuruunne kuruihinne adessive kurullanne kuruillanne ablative kurultanne kuruiltanne allative kurullenne kuruillenne essive kurunanne kuruinanne translative kuruksenne kuruiksenne instructive — — abessive kuruttanne kuruittanne comitative — kuruinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative kurunsa kurunsa accusative nom. kurunsa kurunsa gen. kurunsa genitive kurunsa kurujensa partitive kuruaan kuruansa kurujaan kurujansa inessive kurussaan kurussansa kuruissaan kuruissansa elative kurustaan kurustansa kuruistaan kuruistansa illative kuruunsa kuruihinsa adessive kurullaan kurullansa kuruillaan kuruillansa ablative kurultaan kurultansa kuruiltaan kuruiltansa allative kurulleen kurullensa kuruilleen kuruillensa essive kurunaan kurunansa kuruinaan kuruinansa translative kurukseen kuruksensa kuruikseen kuruiksensa instructive — — abessive kuruttaan kuruttansa kuruittaan kuruittansa comitative — kuruineen kuruinensa

Derived terms

• tunturikuru

Etymology 2

From English kuru, from Fore kúru (“trembling, shivering; kuru”).

Noun

kuru

1. (pathology) kuru

Declension

Inflection of kuru (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		kuru	—
genitive		kurun	—
partitive		kurua	—
illative		kuruun	—
		singular	plural
nominative		kuru	—
accusative	nom.	kuru	—
	gen.	kurun
genitive		kurun	—
partitive		kurua	—
inessive		kurussa	—
elative		kurusta	—
illative		kuruun	—
adessive		kurulla	—
ablative		kurulta	—
allative		kurulle	—
essive		kuruna	—
translative		kuruksi	—
instructive		—	—
abessive		kurutta	—
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of kuru (type valo)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kuruni — accusative nom. kuruni — gen. kuruni genitive kuruni — partitive kuruani — inessive kurussani — elative kurustani — illative kuruuni — adessive kurullani — ablative kurultani — allative kurulleni — essive kurunani — translative kurukseni — instructive — — abessive kuruttani — comitative — — second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kurusi — accusative nom. kurusi — gen. kurusi genitive kurusi — partitive kuruasi — inessive kurussasi — elative kurustasi — illative kuruusi — adessive kurullasi — ablative kurultasi — allative kurullesi — essive kurunasi — translative kuruksesi — instructive — — abessive kuruttasi — comitative — — first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kurumme — accusative nom. kurumme — gen. kurumme genitive kurumme — partitive kuruamme — inessive kurussamme — elative kurustamme — illative kuruumme — adessive kurullamme — ablative kurultamme — allative kurullemme — essive kurunamme — translative kuruksemme — instructive — — abessive kuruttamme — comitative — — second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kurunne — accusative nom. kurunne — gen. kurunne genitive kurunne — partitive kuruanne — inessive kurussanne — elative kurustanne — illative kuruunne — adessive kurullanne — ablative kurultanne — allative kurullenne — essive kurunanne — translative kuruksenne — instructive — — abessive kuruttanne — comitative — — third-person possessor singular plural nominative kurunsa — accusative nom. kurunsa — gen. kurunsa genitive kurunsa — partitive kuruaan kuruansa — inessive kurussaan kurussansa — elative kurustaan kurustansa — illative kuruunsa — adessive kurullaan kurullansa — ablative kurultaan kurultansa — allative kurulleen kurullensa — essive kurunaan kurunansa — translative kurukseen kuruksensa — instructive — — abessive kuruttaan kuruttansa — comitative — —

See also

• kare
• kuri
• kuurna

Anagrams

• urku

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese couro.

Noun

kuru

1. skin
2. leather

Japanese

Romanization

kuru

1. Rōmaji transcription of くる

Javanese

Alternative forms

• Carakan: ꦏꦸꦫꦸ

Adjective

kuru (ngoko kuru, krama kera)

1. skinny

Kwama

Etymology

Cognate with Komo kura (“donkey”).

Noun

kuru

1. donkey

References

• Goldberg, Justin; Asadik, Habte; Bekama, Jiregna; Mengistu, Mulat (2016) Gwama – English Dictionary‎^[1], SIL International

Latvian

Pronoun

kuru

1. accusative singular masculine form of kurš
2. instrumental singular masculine form of kurš
3. genitive plural masculine form of kurš
4. accusative singular feminine form of kurš
5. instrumental singular feminine form of kurš
6. genitive plural feminine form of kurš

Verb

kuru

1. 1st person singular present indicative form of kurt

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkuru/

Noun

kuru

1. accusative singular of kura
2. instrumental singular of kura

Maori

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ku.ru/, [kʉ.ɾʉ]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuluʀ. Cognates include Hawaiian ʻulu, Fijian kulu, Malay kulur.

Noun

kuru

1. breadfruit

   Kīhai te kuru, te niu me te panana i tipu ki Aotearoa nei – he tipu ēnei i mauria haere e ngā tīpuna Māori i ō rātou torotoronga i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.

   Breadfruit, coconut palms and bananas did not grow in New Zealand – these were plants Māori ancestors carried throughout the Pacific in their explorations.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *kulu (“to strike”).

Verb

kuru (passive kurua or kurungia or kurutia)

1. to strike with a fist; to pound or thump

Noun

kuru

1. mallet; fragment; hammer-head stone

Ngan'gityemerri

Noun

kuru

1. (Ngan'gimerri) water

   Synonym: (Ngan'gikurunggurr) kuri

References

• Tryon, Darrell T. (1970) An introduction to Maranungku (Northern Australia) (quoted online in ASJP)

Pitjantjatjara

Noun

kuru

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈku.ru/
• Rhymes: -uru
• Syllabification: ku‧ru

Noun

kuru m inan

1. genitive singular of kur

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Fore kúru (literally “trembling, shivering”).

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /kuˈɾu/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /kuˈɾu/

• Rhymes: -u
• Hyphenation: ku‧ru

Noun

kuru m (uncountable)

1. (pathology) kuru (central nervous system disease among the Fore people)

Further reading

• “kuru” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.

Quechua

Noun

kuru

1. worm, caterpillar

Declension

declension of kuru

	singular	plural
nominative	kuru	kurukuna
accusative	kuruta	kurukunata
dative	kuruman	kurukunaman
genitive	kurup	kurukunap
locative	kurupi	kurukunapi
terminative	kurukama	kurukunakama
ablative	kurumanta	kurukunamanta
instrumental	kuruwan	kurukunawan
comitative	kuruntin	kurukunantin
abessive	kurunnaq	kurukunannaq
comparative	kuruhina	kurukunahina
causative	kururayku	kurukunarayku
benefactive	kurupaq	kurukunapaq
associative	kurupura	kurukunapura
distributive	kurunka	kurukunanka
exclusive	kurulla	kurukunalla

possessive forms of kuru

ñuqap - first-person singular

ñuqap (my)	singular	plural
nominative	kuruy	kuruykuna
accusative	kuruyta	kuruykunata
dative	kuruyman	kuruykunaman
genitive	kuruypa	kuruykunap
locative	kuruypi	kuruykunapi
terminative	kuruykama	kuruykunakama
ablative	kuruymanta	kuruykunamanta
instrumental	kuruywan	kuruykunawan
comitative	kuruynintin	kuruykunantin
abessive	kuruyninnaq	kuruykunannaq
comparative	kuruyhina	kuruykunahina
causative	kuruyrayku	kuruykunarayku
benefactive	kuruypaq	kuruykunapaq
associative	kuruypura	kuruykunapura
distributive	kuruyninka	kuruykunanka
exclusive	kuruylla	kuruykunalla

qampa - second-person singular

qampa (your)	singular	plural
nominative	kuruyki	kuruykikuna
accusative	kuruykita	kuruykikunata
dative	kuruykiman	kuruykikunaman
genitive	kuruykipa	kuruykikunap
locative	kuruykipi	kuruykikunapi
terminative	kuruykikama	kuruykikunakama
ablative	kuruykimanta	kuruykikunamanta
instrumental	kuruykiwan	kuruykikunawan
comitative	kuruykintin	kuruykikunantin
abessive	kuruykinnaq	kuruykikunannaq
comparative	kuruykihina	kuruykikunahina
causative	kuruykirayku	kuruykikunarayku
benefactive	kuruykipaq	kuruykikunapaq
associative	kuruykipura	kuruykikunapura
distributive	kuruykinka	kuruykikunanka
exclusive	kuruykilla	kuruykikunalla

paypa - third-person singular

paypa (his/her/its)	singular	plural
nominative	kurun	kurunkuna
accusative	kurunta	kurunkunata
dative	kurunman	kurunkunaman
genitive	kurunpa	kurunkunap
locative	kurunpi	kurunkunapi
terminative	kurunkama	kurunkunakama
ablative	kurunmanta	kurunkunamanta
instrumental	kurunwan	kurunkunawan
comitative	kurunintin	kurunkunantin
abessive	kurunninnaq	kurunkunannaq
comparative	kurunhina	kurunkunahina
causative	kurunrayku	kurunkunarayku
benefactive	kurunpaq	kurunkunapaq
associative	kurunpura	kurunkunapura
distributive	kuruninka	kurunkunanka
exclusive	kurunlla	kurunkunalla

ñuqanchikpa - first-person inclusive plural

ñuqanchikpa (our(incl))	singular	plural
nominative	kurunchik	kurunchikkuna
accusative	kurunchikta	kurunchikkunata
dative	kurunchikman	kurunchikkunaman
genitive	kurunchikpa	kurunchikkunap
locative	kurunchikpi	kurunchikkunapi
terminative	kurunchikkama	kurunchikkunakama
ablative	kurunchikmanta	kurunchikkunamanta
instrumental	kurunchikwan	kurunchikkunawan
comitative	kurunchiknintin	kurunchikkunantin
abessive	kurunchikninnaq	kurunchikkunannaq
comparative	kurunchikhina	kurunchikkunahina
causative	kurunchikrayku	kurunchikkunarayku
benefactive	kurunchikpaq	kurunchikkunapaq
associative	kurunchikpura	kurunchikkunapura
distributive	kurunchikninka	kurunchikkunanka
exclusive	kurunchiklla	kurunchikkunalla

ñuqaykup - first-person exclusive plural

ñuqaykup (our(excl))	singular	plural
nominative	kuruyku	kuruykukuna
accusative	kuruykuta	kuruykukunata
dative	kuruykuman	kuruykukunaman
genitive	kuruykupa	kuruykukunap
locative	kuruykupi	kuruykukunapi
terminative	kuruykukama	kuruykukunakama
ablative	kuruykumanta	kuruykukunamanta
instrumental	kuruykuwan	kuruykukunawan
comitative	kuruykuntin	kuruykukunantin
abessive	kuruykunnaq	kuruykukunannaq
comparative	kuruykuhina	kuruykukunahina
causative	kuruykurayku	kuruykukunarayku
benefactive	kuruykupaq	kuruykukunapaq
associative	kuruykupura	kuruykukunapura
distributive	kuruykunka	kuruykukunanka
exclusive	kuruykulla	kuruykukunalla

qamkunap - second-person plural

qamkunap (your(pl))	singular	plural
nominative	kuruykichik	kuruykichikkuna
accusative	kuruykichikta	kuruykichikkunata
dative	kuruykichikman	kuruykichikkunaman
genitive	kuruykichikpa	kuruykichikkunap
locative	kuruykichikpi	kuruykichikkunapi
terminative	kuruykichikkama	kuruykichikkunakama
ablative	kuruykichikmanta	kuruykichikkunamanta
instrumental	kuruykichikwan	kuruykichikkunawan
comitative	kuruykichiknintin	kuruykichikkunantin
abessive	kuruykichikninnaq	kuruykichikkunannaq
comparative	kuruykichikhina	kuruykichikkunahina
causative	kuruykichikrayku	kuruykichikkunarayku
benefactive	kuruykichikpaq	kuruykichikkunapaq
associative	kuruykichikpura	kuruykichikkunapura
distributive	kuruykichikninka	kuruykichikkunanka
exclusive	kuruykichiklla	kuruykichikkunalla

paykunap - third-person plural

paykunap (their)	singular	plural
nominative	kurunku	kurunkukuna
accusative	kurunkuta	kurunkukunata
dative	kurunkuman	kurunkukunaman
genitive	kurunkupa	kurunkukunap
locative	kurunkupi	kurunkukunapi
terminative	kurunkukama	kurunkukunakama
ablative	kurunkumanta	kurunkukunamanta
instrumental	kurunkuwan	kurunkukunawan
comitative	kurunkuntin	kurunkukunantin
abessive	kurunkunnaq	kurunkukunannaq
comparative	kurunkuhina	kurunkukunahina
causative	kurunkurayku	kurunkukunarayku
benefactive	kurunkupaq	kurunkukunapaq
associative	kurunkupura	kurunkukunapura
distributive	kurunkunka	kurunkukunanka
exclusive	kurunkulla	kurunkukunalla

Rasawa

Noun

kuru

1. woman

Further reading

• Palmer, Bill (2017) The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area, →ISBN, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages, page 531

Shona

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-kʊ́dʊ́.

Adjective

-kúrú

1. big, large

   Antonym: -diki

2. great

   Antonym: -diki

3. adult

   Antonym: -diki

Inflection

Inflected forms of -kúrú

singular			plural
Class 1		mukúrú	Class 2		vakúrú
Class 3		mukúrú	Class 4		mikúrú
Class 5		gúrú	Class 6		makúrú
Class 7		chikúrú	Class 8		zvikúrú
Class 9		húrú	Class 10		húrú
Class 11		rukúrú
Class 12		kakúrú	Class 13		tukúrú
Class 14		ukúrú
Class 15		kukúrú
Locative classes
Class 16	pakúrú	Class 17	kukúrú	Class 18	mukúrú

Derived terms

• ukuru (“greatness”)

Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkuru]

Noun

kuru f

1. accusative singular of kura

Turkish

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish قورو‎, from Proto-Turkic *kūr. Cognate with Azerbaijani quru, Tatar коры (qorı), Karachay-Balkar къуру (quru), Uzbek quruq, Uyghur قۇرۇق‎ (quruq), Khakas хуруғ (xuruğ), Chuvash хӑрӑк (hărăk, “dry (of wood)”).

Adjective

kuru

1. dry

   Antonyms: yaş, nemli

2. emaciated
3. depleted

Derived terms

• kurutmak
• kurutulmak

 

References

• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “قورو”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1485

Etymology 2

Noun

kuru

1. definite accusative singular of kur

Yoruba

Etymology

Possibly related to kūrū̀

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kú.ɾú/

Verb

kúrú

1. to be short

   Antonym: ga

Derived terms

• kúkurú