Wiktionary

rase

See also: rasé, rasë, rašė, řase, RASE, and Rase

English

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WOTD – 23 May 2025

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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PIE word
*wréh₂ds

A variant of race (“(obsolete) to pluck; to pull off; to snatch; to tear”), partly influenced by raze.[1] Race is derived from Middle English racen, rasen (“to come apart; to pick clean, strip; to pull away, snatch; to pull down, knock down; to pull off, strip off; to pluck or tear out; to tear apart”),[2] either:[3]

Verb

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rase (third-person singular simple present rases, present participle rasing, simple past and past participle rased)

  1. (transitive, archaic) To pluck or snatch (something); also, to pull (something).
Translations
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Etymology 2

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From Late Middle English rasen, rasyn (“to rage; to enrage (?)”),[6] probably from Middle Dutch râsen, râzen (“to be extremely angry, rage; to be mad, rave; to talk nonsense; of a dog: to be rabid”),[7] from Old Dutch *rāson (modern Dutch razen), from Proto-West Germanic *rāsōn (“to rush”), Proto-Germanic *rēsōną (“to rush”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow; to rush”).

Verb

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rase (third-person singular simple present rases, present participle rasing, simple past and past participle rased)

  1. (intransitive, archaic) To be extremely angry; to rage; specifically, of a dog or wolf: to snarl in rage.
Translations
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Etymology 3

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Probably either:[8]

Noun

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rase (plural rases)

  1. (obsolete, rare) A measure in which the commodity assessed is made level with the top of the measuring vessel rather than heaped above it.
    • 1670, Thomas Blount, “Rase”, in Νομο-λεξικον [Nomo-lexikon]: A Law-dictionary. […], In the Savoy [London]: […] Tho[mas] Newcomb, for John Martin and Henry Herringman, […], →OCLC, signature [Hhh2], recto, column 1:
      Toll ſhall be taken by the Raſe, and not by the Heap or Cantel. Ordinance for Bakers, Brevvers, &c. cap. 4. it ſeems to have been a meaſure of Corn, novv diſuſed
Derived terms
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  • race (“of a measure: level”, adjective) (Kent)

Etymology 4

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From rase, race (“(usually white) marking on the head of an animal, chiefly a horse”);[9] further etymology uncertain, possibly a specific use of race (“(obsolete) mark; cut, scratch”, noun),[10] from race (“to cut, slash; to scratch; to tear”) (southwest England), a variant of raze.[11]

Verb

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rase (third-person singular simple present rases, present participle rasing, simple past and past participle rased)

  1. (intransitive, obsolete, rare) Of a natural marking on the head of an animal (chiefly a horse): to extend down the head.

Etymology 5

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A variant of raze, from Middle English rasen (see etymology 1):[2] see further at raze.

Verb

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rase (third-person singular simple present rases, present participle rasing, simple past and past participle rased)

  1. Alternative spelling of raze
    1. (transitive) To level or tear down (a building, a town, etc.) to the ground; to demolish.
    2. (transitive, figurative) To completely remove (someone or something), especially from a place, a situation, etc.; also, to remove from existence; to destroy, to obliterate.
    3. (transitive, also figurative) To erase (a record, text, etc.), originally by scraping; to rub out, to scratch out.
      • 1523, John Skelton, “A Ryght Delectable Tratyse vpon a Goodly Garlande or Chapelet of Laurell, […]”, in Alexander Dyce, editor, The Poetical Works of John Skelton: […], volume I, London: Thomas Rodd, […], published 1843, →OCLC, page 420, lines 1478–1480:
        Suppleyng to Fame, I besought her grace, / And that it wolde please her, full tenderly I prayd, / Owt of her bokis Apollo to rase.
      • 1595, G. W. I[unior], “[Dedicatory poem]”, in Edmunde Spenser [i.e., Edmund Spenser], Amoretti and Epithalamion. […], London: […] [Peter Short] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, signature [¶4], recto:
        [N]o malice of ſucceeding daies, / can raſe thoſe records of thy laſting praiſe.
      • 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 25”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC, signature C2, recto:
        The painefull vvarrier famoſed for vvorth, / After a thouſand victories once foild, / Is from the booke of honour raſed quite, / And all the reſt forgot for vvhich he toild: […]
      • 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, signature B2, verso, lines 361–363:
        Though of their Names in heavenly Records novv / Be no memorial, blotted out and ras'd / By thir Rebellion, from the Books of Life.
      • 1726, John Ayliffe, “Of Accusation, and the Course of It”, in Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani: Or, A Commentary, by Way of Supplement to the Canons and Constitutions of the Church of England. […], London: […] D. Leach, and sold by John Walthoe […], →OCLC, pages 24–25:
        Inſcription is an Obligation made in VVriting, vvhereby the Accuſer binds himſelf to undergo the ſame Puniſhment, if he ſhall not prove the Crime vvhich he objects to the Party accuſed in his accuſatory Libel, […] And if ſuch Articles are not legally inſcrib'd, as aforeſaid, then the Name of the Defendant ſhall be raſed out, and the Defendant ſhall be reſtor'd to his former ſtate of Innocence.
      • 1743, [Edward Young], “Night the Fifth. The Relapse. […]”, in The Complaint. Or, Night-Thoughts on Life, Death, & Immortality. Night the Fifth, London: […] R[obert] Dodsley […], →OCLC, page 33:
        Our quick-returning Folly cancels all; / As the Tide ruſhing raſes vvhat is vvrit / In yielding Sands, and ſmooths the Letter'd Shore.
      • a. 1823 (date written), Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Fiordispina”, in William Michael Rossetti, editor, The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley: […], revised edition, volume II, London: E[dward] Moxon, Son, & Co., […], published 1870, →OCLC, pages 339–340:
        They were two cousins, almost like two twins, / Except that from the catalogue of sins / Nature had rased their love, which could not be / But by dissevering their nativity.
      • 1918, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, “Suburbs on a Hazy Day”, in New Poems, London: Martin Secker, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 17:
        O stiffly shapen houses that change not, / What conjuror's cloth was thrown across you, and raised, / To show you thus transfigured, changed, / Your stuff all gone, your menace almost rased?
    4. (transitive, archaic except UK, regional) To wound (someone or part of their body) superficially; to graze.
      • 1685 March 4 (date delivered; Gregorian calendar); first published 1692, Robert South, “A Sermon Preached at Westminster-Abbey, February 22. 1684⁄5.”, in Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions. […], volume I, London: […] J[ohn] H[eptinstall] for Thomas Bennet, […], →OCLC, page 403:
        For vvas he not in the neareſt Neighbourhood to Death? And might not the Bullet, that perhaps raſed his Cheek, have as eaſily gone into his Head?
    5. (transitive, obsolete)
      1. To alter (a document) by erasing parts of it.
      2. To carve (a line, mark, etc.) into something; to incise, to inscribe; also, to carve lines, marks, etc., into (something); to engrave.
        • 1678 January 11 – February 11 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Moxon, “Numb[er] II. Applied to the Making of Hinges, Locks, Keys, Screws and Nuts Small and Great.”, in Mechanick Exercises, or The Doctrine of Handy-Works, […], volume I, London: […] Joseph Moxon, published 1683, →OCLC, page 17:
          [Y]ou muſt mark the out-lines of your intended Hinge, […] either vvith Chalk, or elſe raſe upon the Plate vvith the corner of the Cold-Chiſſel, or any other hardned Steel that vvill ſcratch a bright ſtroke upon the Plate: […]
      3. To remove (something) by scraping; also, to cut or shave (something) off.
      4. To rub lightly along the surface of (something); brush against, to graze.
        • 1609, Ammianus Marcellinus, “[The XV. Booke.] Chapter III. Warre against the Lentienses, a People of Alemaine. The Description of the Lake Brigantia. The Romane Armie Discomfited and Put to Flight, having within a while after Vanquished the Alemans, Returned to Millaine, there to Winter.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Roman Historie, […], London: […] Adam Jslip, →OCLC, page 33:
          And novv [the Rhine] by this time augmented vvith ſnovv, melted and reſolved into vvater, and raſing as it goes the high bankes vvith their curving reaches, entreth into a round and vaſt lake (vvhich the Rhætians dvvelling thereby, call Brigantia) […]
        • 1786, [William Beckford], translated by [Samuel Henley], An Arabian Tale, from an Unpublished Manuscript: […] [Vathek], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, page 103:
          Sometimes, his feet raſed the ſurface of the water; and, at others, the ſkylight almoſt flattened his noſe.
      5. To scrape (something) to remove things from its surface; also, to reduce (something) to small pieces by scraping; to grate.
        • 1621 August 13 (first performance; Gregorian calendar), Ben Jonson, “The Masque of the Gypsies”, in Q. Horatius Flaccus: His Art of Poetry. […], London: […] J[ohn] Okes, for John Benson […], published 1640, →OCLC, page 65:
          And you are a ſoule, ſo vvhite, and ſo chaſte, / A table ſo ſmooth, and ſo nevvly ra'ſte, / As nothing cald foule, / Dare approach vvith a blot, / Or any leaſt ſpot; […]
      6. To shave (someone or part of their body) with a razor, etc.
      7. (also figurative) To cut, scratch, or tear (someone or something) with a sharp object; to lacerate, to slash.
    6. (intransitive, obsolete)
      1. To carve lines, marks, etc., into something.
      2. To graze or rub lightly along a surface.
      3. To penetrate through something; to pierce.
        • 1677, W[illiam] Hubbard, The Present State of New-England. Being a Narrative of the Troubles with the Indians in New England, […], London: […] Tho[mas] Parkhurst […], →OCLC, page 39:
          [O]ne Robert Dutch of Ipſvvith, having been ſorely vvounded by a Bullet that raſed to his skull, and then mauled by the Indian Hatchets, left for dead by the Salvages,[sic – meaning Savages] and ſtript by them of all but his skin; […]
Conjugation
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Conjugation of rase
infinitive (to) rase
present tense past tense
1st-person singular rase rased
2nd-person singular rase, rasest† rased, rasedst†
3rd-person singular rases, raseth† rased
plural rase
subjunctive rase rased
imperative rase —
participles rasing rased

† Archaic or obsolete.

Noun

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rase (plural rases)

  1. (obsolete) A scratching out, or erasure.
    • 1612, Pietro Martire “d'” Anghiera, De Novo Orbe, Or the Historie of the West Indies, page 89:
      But of the diuersitie of popingaies, we haue spoken sufficiently in the firste Decade: for in the rase of this large lande, Colonus him selfe brought and sent to the courte a great number of euery kinde, the whiche it was lawfull for all the people to beholde, and are yet daily brought in like manner.
    • 1628, John Gaule, The Practiqve Theorists Panegyrick. … A Sermon preached at Pauls-Crosse:
      The rase of whose skinne […] was more then the torment of their wretched Bodyes
    • 1773, “Hycke-Scorner: A Morality.”, in Thomas Hawkins, editor, The Origin of the English Drama, page 89:
      Felowes, they shall never more us withstonde, For I se them all drowned in the rase of Irlonde,
  2. A slight wound; a scratch.

References

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  1. ^ “rase, v.2”, in OED Online  ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2024.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 “rāsen, v.(1)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  3. ^ “race, v.1”, in OED Online  ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.
  4. ^ “arācen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  5. ^ “† arace, v.”, in OED Online  ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.
  6. ^ “rāsen, v.(2)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  7. ^ “rase, v.3”, in OED Online  ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, December 2024.
  8. ^ “rase, n.”, in OED Online  ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.
  9. ^ “† rase, v.4”, in OED Online  ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.
  10. ^ “race, n.4”, in OED Online  ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, June 2024.
  11. ^ “race, v.2”, in OED Online  ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, December 2024.

Anagrams

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Czech

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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rase f

  1. dative/locative singular of rasa

Danish

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Etymology

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From Old Norse rasa.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /raːsə/, [ˈʁɑːsə]

Verb

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rase (imperative ras, infinitive at rase, present tense raser, past tense rasede, perfect tense har raset)

  1. to rage
  2. to storm

Estonian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *rasëda (“tired; pregnant; heavy”), from Proto-Finno-Permic *ranśe. Related to raske (“heavy”) (from *raskëda, where the -k- is a derivational suffix). Replaced earlier raskejalgne (literally “having heavy feet”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈrɑse/, [ˈrɑse̞]
  • Rhymes: -ɑse
  • Hyphenation: ra‧se

Adjective

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rase (genitive raseda, partitive rasedat)

  1. pregnant (carrying a fetus developing in its organism, expecting a child)
    rase naine ― a pregnant woman
    rasedaks jääma ― to get pregnant
    Naine on kaheksandat kuud rase. ― The woman is eight months pregnant.
  2. (figurative) filled (with something abstract)
    • 1937, Heiti Talvik, Sügiselaul (poetry):
      Ammu juba viimse vase / vahtraladvad poetand rohtu. / Üksik uib, mis viljast rase, / trotsimas veel hallaohtu.
      The maple tops have long since shed / their last copper colour into the grass. / A lonely catkin, filled with fruit, / still defies the threat of frost.

Usage notes

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  • rase chiefly refers to humans, while tiine refers to animals.

Declension

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Declension of rase (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative rase rasedad
accusative nom.
gen. raseda
genitive rasedate
partitive rasedat rasedaid
illative rasedasse rasedatesse
rasedaisse
inessive rasedas rasedates
rasedais
elative rasedast rasedatest
rasedaist
allative rasedale rasedatele
rasedaile
adessive rasedal rasedatel
rasedail
ablative rasedalt rasedatelt
rasedailt
translative rasedaks rasedateks
rasedaiks
terminative rasedani rasedateni
essive rasedana rasedatena
abessive rasedata rasedateta
comitative rasedaga rasedatega

Derived terms

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nouns
verbs

Compounds

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Noun

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rase (genitive raseda, partitive rasedat)

  1. a pregnant person (usually a woman)
    rasedate võimlemine ― prenatal aerobics (literally, “aerobics for pregnant women”)

Declension

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Declension of rase (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative rase rasedad
accusative nom.
gen. raseda
genitive rasedate
partitive rasedat rasedaid
illative rasedasse rasedatesse
rasedaisse
inessive rasedas rasedates
rasedais
elative rasedast rasedatest
rasedaist
allative rasedale rasedatele
rasedaile
adessive rasedal rasedatel
rasedail
ablative rasedalt rasedatelt
rasedailt
translative rasedaks rasedateks
rasedaiks
terminative rasedani rasedateni
essive rasedana rasedatena
abessive rasedata rasedateta
comitative rasedaga rasedatega

References

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  • rase in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
  • “rase”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

French

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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rase

  1. feminine singular of ras

Verb

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rase

  1. inflection of raser:
    1. first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

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Anagrams

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German

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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rase

  1. inflection of rasen:
    1. first-person singular present
    2. first/third-person singular subjunctive I
    3. singular imperative

Indonesian

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Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia id

Etymology

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From Javanese ꦫꦱꦺ (rasé).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈrase/
  • Hyphenation: ra‧sé

Noun

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rasé (plural rase-rase)

  1. small Indian civet (Viverricula indica)
    Synonyms: musang bulan, musang rase

Coordinate terms

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Further reading

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Italian

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Verb

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rase

  1. third-person singular past historic of radere

Adjective

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rase

  1. feminine plural of raso

Anagrams

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Latin

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Participle

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rāse

  1. vocative masculine singular of rāsus

References

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Latvian

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Noun

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rase f (5th declension)

  1. race (a large group of people set apart from others on the basis of a common heritage)
  2. colour

Declension

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Declension of rase (5th declension)
singular plural
nominative rase rases
genitive rases rašu
dative rasei rasēm
accusative rasi rases
instrumental rasi rasēm
locative rasē rasēs
vocative rase rases

Derived terms

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology 1

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From Italian razza and Middle French race.

Noun

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rase m (definite singular rasen, indefinite plural raser, definite plural rasene)

  1. a race (of humankind)
  2. a breed (of animal)

Etymology 2

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From Old Norse rasa.

Verb

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rase (imperative ras, present tense raser, passive rases, simple past raste, past participle rast, present participle rasende)

  1. to be furious, fume, rage, rave
  2. (figurative: fever, plague, war) to rage
  3. (river) to rush, sweep over, tear along
  4. (storm) to wreak havoc
  5. (e.g. in an avalanche) to fall, slide
  6. (with sammen) to collapse, cave in
Derived terms
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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology 1

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From Italian razza and Middle French race.

Noun

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rase m (definite singular rasen, indefinite plural rasar, definite plural rasane)

  1. a race (of humankind)
  2. a breed (of animal)

Etymology 2

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From Old Norse rasa.

Verb

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rase (present tense rasar, past tense rasa, past participle rasa, passive infinitive rasast, present participle rasande, imperative rase/ras)

  1. to be furious, fume, rage, rave
  2. (figurative: fever, plague, war) to rage
  3. (river) to rush, sweep over, tear along
  4. (storm) to wreak havoc
  5. (e.g. in an avalanche) to fall, slide
  6. (with saman) to collapse, cave in
Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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References

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Old Javanese

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈrase/
  • Hyphenation: ra‧sé

Noun

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rase

  1. civet
    Synonyms: lubak, luwak

Descendants

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  • Javanese: ꦫꦱꦺ (rasé)
    • → Indonesian: rase

Further reading

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  • "rase" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Pali

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Alternative forms

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Alternative scripts

Noun

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rase

  1. inflection of rasa (“taste”):
    1. locative singular
    2. accusative plural

Romanian

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Noun

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rase f

  1. plural of rasă

Spanish

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Verb

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rase

  1. inflection of rasar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative
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