rast
Albanian edit
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish.
Noun edit
rast m (plural raste, definite rasti, definite plural rastet)
Declension edit
German edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
rast
- inflection of rasen:
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
rast
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
This word is the reflex of two different Proto-Indo-European forms: *wer-d-, *wr-ed- (“to bend, to sway”) and *werdʰ-, *wr-edʰ-, *h₃erdʰ- (“to grow; high”), both from the stem *wer- (“to bend, to turn”).[1] Both forms yielded Proto-Baltic *red-, *rad-, from which *rad-ti > *rasti > rast. The present tense form was derived with an extra n: *randuo > *ruodu > rodu; cf. dialectal variants ronu, romu. From the meaning “to bend, to sway” came “to raise, to obtain (by bending down to get it)” > “to obtain, to get, to find.” From the meaning “to grow” came not only the meanings of the Lithuanian reflexive form, but also those of Latvian related forms like raža (“harvest”), rasma (“fecundity”), radīt (“to create”), radi (“relatives”) and the 18th-century adjective rastīgs (“fertile, successful”). This semantic diversity also explains the divergent meanings of the derived prefixed verbs (atrast (“to find; to lose a habit, a skill”), ierast parast, pierast (“to get used to”), etc.). Cognates include Lithuanian ràsti (“to find, to obain by searching; to notice; to determine, to establish; to happen, to be”), reflexive ràstis (“to grow quickly, strongly; to give birth; to rise, to get up; to become; to happen; to come, to arrive; to get somewhere”); from *werd- (“to bend, to sway”), also Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍉 (wratō, “to go, to travel”), Icelandic rata (“to travel, to find one's way”), Middle High German razzeln (“to turn”); from *werdʰ (“to grow”), Old Church Slavonic расти (rasti, “to grow”), Russian расти́ (rastí), Polish róść, Sanskrit वर्धति (várdhati), वृधति (vr̥dháti, “to grow, to increase”), Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós, “straight, upright”) (and perhaps also, from a possible variant form *Herdʰ, *Hredʰ-, Latin arduus (“lofty, high”), arbor (“tree”)).[2]
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
rast (tr., 1st conj., pres. rodu, rodi, rod, past radu)
- to find (to cause by searching that something (desirable, necessary) be present, in use, or in one's possession)
- rast jaunu dzimteni ― to find a new homeland
- nerast nekur mieru ― to not find peace anywhere
- rast kopīgu valodu ― to find a common language (= to communicate)
- mīļa, mīļa tēva sēta, kur mīļaku vietu rast! ― dear, dear father's (= home) ranch, where to find a favorite place!
- to find (to discover via research)
- institūta laboratorijās rastas jaunas sveķu izmantošanas iespējas ― in the laboratories of the institute new possibilities of use for resin (were) found
- to find (to choose, e.g., the right word, in one's thoughts)
- kā lai vārdus rod? ― how does one find the (right) words?
- to find, to receive (e.g., help, understanding, from others)
- kur rast atbalstu? draugos? ― where to find support? with (lit. in) friends?
- viņš rod ierosmi dabā ― he finds inspiration in nature
- viņa gribētu rast apstiprinājumu ― she would like to find approval
- to find, to start (e.g., a state, a situation, a relationship)
- rast draudzību ― to find friendship
- komponista sirsnība un vienkāršība palīdzēja rast ciešu kontaktu ar publiku ― the composer's sincerity and simplicity helped him find, achieve chose contact with the audience
- to find (to be such that a certain mental state is caused)
- rast spēkus, mierinājumu, prieku ― to find strength, comfort, joy
- rast prieku darbā ― to find joy in work
- cik sevi vēros, vairāk sāpes radu ― the more I observe myself, the more I find pain
- (in the past active participle form radis) accustomed, used to
- viņš nebija radis daudz domāt, tāpēc jutās noguris ― he wasn't used to thinking a lot, so he felt tired
- meitene pie grūta darba nav radusi ― the girl wasn't used to hard work
- (rare, in the past passive participle form rasts) usual, well-known
- uz ciemu īstenībā ved ne viens vien ceļš, bet tā ir rasts un iegājies, ka tos citus vairs neizmanto ― in fact more than one road leads to the village, but it is well known tradition that the others are no longer used
Conjugation edit
| INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
| 1st pers. sg. | es | rodu | radu | radīšu | — |
| 2nd pers. sg. | tu | rodi | radi | radīsi | rodi |
| 3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | rod | rada | radīs | lai rod |
| 1st pers. pl. | mēs | rodam | radām | radīsim | radīsim |
| 2nd pers. pl. | jūs | rodat | radāt | radīsiet, radīsit |
rodiet |
| 3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | rod | rada | radīs | lai rod |
| RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
| Present | rodot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | rodošs | ||
| Past | esot radis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | razdams | ||
| Future | radīšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | rodot | ||
| Imperative | lai rodot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | rodam | ||
| CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | radis | |||
| Present | rastu | Present Passive | rodams | ||
| Past | būtu radis | Past Passive | rasts | ||
| DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
| Indicative | (būt) jārod | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | rast | ||
| Conjunctive 1 | esot jārod | Negative Infinitive | nerast | ||
| Conjunctive 2 | jārodot | Verbal noun | rašana | ||
Derived terms edit
- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ There is some doubt about the correctness of this Proto-Indo-European form. The Lexikon der Indogermanischen Verben (ref.?) proposes *redh- (“to appear, to arise”) as the source for this verb.
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “rast”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Northern Kurdish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Iranian *Hraštáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hraštás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵtós (“having moved in a straight line”), from *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, direct”). Cognate with English right.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
rast
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Verb edit
rast
- past participle of rase
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic растъ (rastŭ).
Noun edit
rast n (uncountable)
Declension edit
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orstъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rȃst m (Cyrillic spelling ра̑ст)
Declension edit
Related terms edit
References edit
- “rast” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Slovene edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orstъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rȃst f
Inflection edit
 |
The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks. |
| Feminine, i-stem, long mixed accent | ||
|---|---|---|
| nominative | rást | |
| genitive | rastí | |
| singular | ||
| nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
rást | |
| genitive (rodȋlnik) |
— | |
| dative (dajȃlnik) |
— | |
| accusative (tožȋlnik) |
— | |
| locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
rásti | |
| instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
rastjó | |
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “rast”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse rǫst, from Proto-Germanic *rastō, *rastijō (“rest”), from Proto-Indo-European *ros-, *res-, *erH- (“rest”).
Noun edit
rast c
- (countable or uncountable) a break (rest or pause, usually from work)
- Nu tar vi rast
- Let's take a break
- (countable or uncountable) recess, break, breaktime (between classes in school)
- Hur lång är rasten?
- How long is recess?
Declension edit
| Declension of rast | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | rast | rasten | raster | rasterna |
| Genitive | rasts | rastens | rasters | rasternas |
Related terms edit
See also edit
- lov (longer break, like summer break)
References edit
- rast in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- rast in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- rast in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams edit
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rast (definite accusative rastı, plural rastlar)
Declension edit
| Inflection | ||
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | rast | |
| Definite accusative | rastı | |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | rast | rastlar |
| Definite accusative | rastı | rastları |
| Dative | rasta | rastlara |
| Locative | rastta | rastlarda |
| Ablative | rasttan | rastlardan |
| Genitive | rastın | rastların |